Solitaire AB支架机械取栓治疗急性颅内动脉闭塞的护理

目的探讨Solitaire AB支架机械取栓治疗急性颅内动脉闭塞的护理。方法回顾性分析36例采用Solitaire AB支架机械取栓术治疗的急性颅内动脉闭塞患者的临床资料,术前建立急救流程与绿色通道,积极快速进行术前准备,术后做好血压的监测与管理、加强并发症的观察与护理、同时加强康复护理。结果2例取栓未成功,术中行DynaCT检查,明显再灌注出血,结束手术。其余34例取栓成功,造影显示血管再通,取栓术后3 d复查SWI提示再灌注微出血16例。出院后1～3个月随访mRs,显示0分11例、1分14例、2分5例、3分3例、5分1例、6分2例。结论T6SS配合做好Solitaire AB支架机械取栓术患者的护理,能最大程度为患者赢得手术时间,减少术后并发症,通过实施康复护理可减轻残障程度,帮助患者回归家庭和社会。     

Solitaire支架取栓再通后经解脱 治疗医源性颈动脉夹层1例

<正>急性颅内大血管闭塞发病急、病情重,急诊血管内治疗能在有效时间内再通血管,挽救患者生命。本文报告1例急性大脑中动脉闭塞患者接受静脉溶栓桥接血管内治疗：首选直接抽吸技术取栓失败,采用Solitaire取栓支架补救性拉栓实现血管再通后,靶血管近端出现医源性夹层,而后解脱Solitaire支架实现夹层贴壁治疗,最终获得满意疗效。     

Embotrap Ⅱ取栓支架在急性大血管闭塞血管内再通治疗中的应用价值

目的 观察急性缺血性脑卒中大血管闭塞患者血管内再通术中应用Embotrap Ⅱ取栓支架的近期疗效,探讨其安全性。方法 急性缺血性脑卒中大血管闭塞患者31例,均于发病24 h内行血管内再通术,术中首选应用Embotrap Ⅱ取栓支架,根据患者情况给予球囊扩张+支架成形术、双支架(Embotrap+Solitaire)“Y”补救、抽吸术。记录1次再通率、最终再通率、穿刺至再通时间及术后死亡、并发症发生情况;比较术前、术后1、14 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评分;随防至2022年1月,记录术后90 d预后良好率[改良Rankin量表评分(modified Rankin scale, mRS)≤2分]。结果 术后即刻行血管造影及CT检查,31例中30例(96.8%)血流再通[改良脑梗死溶栓血流分级(modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction, mTICI)≥2b级],1例(3.2%)mTICI 2a级,穿刺至开通时间(50.5±25.0)min。3...     

急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire AB支架取栓术中护理

目的:探讨急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire AB支架取栓术中护理配合方法。方法:回顾性分析我科2012年4月~2013年4月25例急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire AB支架取栓术中护理配合方法与观察要点。结果:25例患者取栓均获得成功,术中5例发生剧烈呕吐,经及时处理后手术顺利完成。5例患者术后即刻一般情况和肢体肌力较术前有改善。25例手术中医护配合良好,术中无死亡病例。结论:急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire AB支架取栓术中严密的护理观察与密切配合,特别是对术中"三个节点"的密切观察,是及时发现病情变化,提高手术成功率和确保患者安全的重要环节。     

静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire支架取栓治疗急性后循环梗死并文献复习

目的探讨静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB支架取栓治疗急性后循环梗死的效果及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2017年8至9月聊城市人民医院神经内科采用桥接模式接受血管内治疗的急性后循环梗死患者3例资料,均为基底动脉闭塞,分析血管开通情况、并发症情况、神经功能改善情况、随访3个月时改良Rankin量表评分(mRS)和Barthel指数(BI)评分情况。 结果3例静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB支架取栓均成功再通,第1例静脉溶栓症状好转,4 h后症状加重并进入昏迷,考虑血管再闭塞,紧急启动机械取栓,术后第1天患者清醒;另2例患者静脉溶栓同时联合机械取栓,术后5～7 d复查颅脑CT及CT血管造影(CTA)均显示基底动脉通畅,未见梗死灶扩大,未发生症状性颅内出血(SICH)。3例患者出院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分较入院时降低16～27分,出院时mRS评分为3分1例,2分2例;3个月后mRS评分为2分1例,1分2例,BI评分均为95～100分。 结论颅内大血管闭塞患者可选择静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB支架取栓治疗,可提高血管再通率,有效改善预后。     

Solitaire AB支架半释放技术结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗前循环宽颈动脉瘤

目的：探讨Solitaire AB支架半释放技术结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗前循环宽颈动脉瘤的有效性和安全性。方法对2011年1月～2013年10月33例患者34个前循环宽颈动脉瘤采用Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,回顾性分析其临床资料和疗效。结果所有患者均采用支架半释放技术,33例患者共应用Solitaire AB支架34个,均成功到位并准确释放。1个支架内血栓形成,其余无手术相关并发症。动脉瘤完全栓塞26个,瘤颈残留6个,部分栓塞2个。载瘤动脉通畅。除1例后交通动脉瘤病人术后3 d并发颅内出血死亡外,余32例临床随访6～12个月无临床症状加重,未发生再出血及缺血并发症。22例术后6～12个月行DSA随访,2个动脉瘤瘤颈有残留,未见支架内狭窄和闭塞。结论 Solitaire AB支架操作简便,采用支架半释放技术结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗前循环宽颈动脉瘤是安全的和有效的。     

急性缺血性脑卒中动脉内接触性溶栓治疗

目的 探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者动脉内接触性溶栓的治疗疗效。方法 回顾性分析27例急性缺血性脑卒中患者，左侧颈内动脉系统闭塞14例，右侧颈内动脉系统闭塞13例，治疗前头部CT检查均除外脑出血，将微导管导丝系统送人血栓部位，经微导管注入尿激酶，或将微导丝轻柔地穿过血栓，将微导管放在血栓内注入尿激酶溶栓治疗。结果 治疗后27例患者16例血管完全再通，临床症状恢复满意。7例部分再通，临床症状部分恢复。2例血管影像学及临床症状无变化。TLA反复发作2例，脑血管造影未见异常，溶栓后瘫痪肢体即恢复正常活动。结论 急性缺血性脑卒中动脉内接触性溶可使闭塞血管再通，缺血脑组织得以再灌注。对急性脑血管闭塞患者应尽早行脑血管造影，明确血管闭塞部位，动脉内接触性溶栓对本病治疗是有效的。     

30例急性脑梗死患者行Solitaire AB支架取栓术的护理

总结了Solitaire AB支架机械取栓治疗急性脑梗死的护理要点,包括术前积极进行术前准备,术后做好血压监测与管理,神经功能评估,预防并发症及康复护理。结果,30例患者均取栓成功,26例闭塞血管均完全开通,4例血管未能完全开通,其中2例因再通后仍存在血管狭窄而放置支架。认为Solitaire AB支架取栓术是有效的治疗手段,抢救了患者生命,降低了致残率,提高了患者的生活质量,同时,支架术后密切观察患者意识、瞳孔、血压及有无再灌注损伤等并发症及进行早期康复锻炼是重要的护理措施,也是手术成功的重要环节。     

Solitaire AB支架治疗急性脑血管闭塞的护理

目的探讨急性脑血管闭塞患者Solitaire AB支架机械取栓手术治疗后的效果和护理方法。方法回顾性总结16例急性脑血管闭塞行机械取栓治疗的患者资料。按照TICI评估血管再通情况,术后加强对血压、生命体征的监测、心律失常的监护、脑血管痉挛的防治、呼吸功能的维护、足背动脉及手术创口的观察等。对于术前及术后1周进行NIHSS评分及ADL评分,出院3月后采用门诊或电话随访对患者进行mRS评分。结果 14例患者闭塞血管达到充分再通标准,再通率为87.5%;其中10例患者闭塞血管完全再通,2例患者闭塞血管开通失败。14例患者未发生术后并发症,2例患者术后出现脑出血。14例患者术后临床症状较治疗均有前有不同程度改善,于3~4周内康复出院,术前与术后不同时间的NIHSS评分、ADL评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。随访3个月后,临床结局预后良好患者12例(mRS评分≤2分),2例mRS评分3分,2例mRS评分5分。结论 Solitaire AB支架治疗急性脑血管闭塞能够获得良好的效果,预后恢复良好。术后加强护理,能够提高手术成功率,严格控制血压,密切监护生命体征情况,是确保手术成功的重要环节。     

11例颈部动脉夹层致缺血性脑卒中支架治疗的护理

通过对12例颈部动脉夹层致缺血性脑卒中患者进行支架置入治疗,并对患者行术前、术后护理及术中配合。11例患者支架成功置入,术中、术后无并发症发生,1例患者由于血管因素未能完成。     

Evaluation of using a double helical,closed-cell stent-retriever (Skyflow) for thrombectomy procedures in acute arterial occlusion: A preclinical study and a clinical trial

Background and purposeStent retriever thrombectomy is the standard therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke with acute large-vessel occlusion. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new thrombectomy device (Skyflow) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.MethodsAfter an arterial occlusion model was established, stent-retriever thrombectomy was performed. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and autopsy were carried out immediately after thrombectomy in six animals in the acute experimental group. Simulated stent-retriever thrombectomy was performed for three animals in the subacute experimental group, and follow-up angiography and vascular pathological examination were assessed 90 days after the operation. In the clinical trial, 192 patients with intracranial anterior circulation large vessel occlusion, within 8 ?h of symptom onset, were included to undergo thrombectomy with either Skyflow or Solitaire FR stent retriever. Efficacy and safety endpoints were recorded (including successful reperfusion, favorable clinical outcomes, time from puncture to reperfusion, instrument operation success rates and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at 7 days for efficacy endpoints, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and all-cause mortality rates for safety endpoints).ResultsAll blood vessels achieved successful recanalization in the animal models. In the clinical trial, successful recanalization was attained in 88.4% of patients of the Skyflow group, which was comparable to that of the Solitaire FR group (82.5%) in the full analysis set of the clinical trial. There were no severe complications on DSA, an animal autopsy, or vessel pathological examination in animal experiments. Additionally, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Skyflow and Solitaire FR groups in the clinical trial regarding the safety endpoints.ConclusionThis study showed that the new Skyflow stent retriever is safe and effective for the treatment of acute large vessel occlusion, as demonstrated in our animal study and human trial.     

SolitaireAB支架机械取栓治疗急性颅内动脉闭塞的围术期护理

目的总结SoLitaireAB支架机械取栓治疗急性颅内动脉闭塞的效果及护理要点。方法对53例急性颅内动脉闭塞患者采用SoLitaireAB支架机械取栓治疗,术前建立卒中急救绿色通道,术后严密观察病情,加强基础护理,做好血压及药物治疗的控制和管理,防止再灌注损伤等并发症的发生,早期进行康复训练。结果53例患者均取栓成功,44例闭塞血管均完全开通,9例血管未能完全开通,其中3例因为再通后仍存在管腔狭窄而放置支架。结论快速有效地完善术前准备,密切观察病情,尤其是意识和血压的变化,注意患者有无再灌注损伤,以及早期康复训练是SolitaireAB支架机械取栓治疗急性颅内动脉闭塞的护理重点。     

Application of retrievable Solitaire AB stents in the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke

Purpose: Retrievable stents are widely used in acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, the results remain unclear in Chinese patients. This study aimed to explore the usefulness of Solitaire AB stents in AIS.Materials and Methods: Seventy-three AIS patients treated with Solitaire AB stents for thrombectomy of large artery occlusion of anterior circulation in January 2014-June 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Recanalization was assessed with the Thrombolysis In Cerebral Ischemia (TICI) scale. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Operation-related complications were recorded. The main factors affecting successful recanalization with Solitaire AB were analyzed.Results: The 73 patients enrolled included 39 males and 34 females (median age of 59 [31-78] years); 77 Solitaire AB stents were used. The initial recanalization rate with Solitaire AB as the first thrombectomy method was 53.42% (39/73; recanalization group). Among the 34 patients with failed stent retrieval, 32 underwent other treatments; the final arterial recanalization rate was 89.04% (65/73). Perioperative embolization events and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) occurred in 5 and 8 patients, respectively. The mean NIHSS score was 9.12±3.86 one week after thrombectomy, significantly lower compared with admission values. In 31 patients (42.47%), NIHSS score decreased by >8. Good functional independence (mRS score≤2) was achieved in 39 patients (53.42%) at 90 days; 12 patients (16.44%) died. Compared with the recanalization group, the remaining patients showed lower AF and higher LAA percentages.Conclusion: Solitaire AB stents are useful in the endovascular treatment of AIS.     

双能量CT对急性缺血性脑卒中支架取栓术后颅内出血的早期诊断及预测

目的研究双能量CT(DECT)在急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire支架取栓术后早期诊断颅内出血以及预测患者出血转化/出血增多风险的临床价值。方法收集急性缺血性卒中接受Solitaire支架取栓术的病例,术中造影均采用浓度为370 mg I/ml的碘对比剂,于术后1 h内行双能量CT扫描,重组获得线性融合图像、虚拟平扫及碘图,经综合分析确定诊断。术后24 h行常规CT平扫作为确诊标准,评价DECT早期诊断颅内出血的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和符合率。在碘图上测量颅内病灶的碘浓度,以后续随访结果为标准,采用ROC曲线分析,获取发生出血转化或出血增多的阈值,并评价其特异度、准确度及曲线下面积。结果共44例病例被纳入本研究,其中DECT综合分析诊断单纯碘对比剂外渗25例,合并颅内出血19例,与术后24 h CT随访对照,2例DECT诊断为单纯碘对比剂外渗的患者出现颅内出血,其余23例均诊断准确,19例诊断为碘对比剂外渗合并出血均诊断准确,DECT早期诊断术后颅内出血的敏感度为90.5%、特异度为100%、阳性预测率为100%、阴性预测率为92.0%、符合率为95.5%。44例患者共86个颅内病灶进行了碘浓度测量,在后续随访中,其中19个病灶出现出血转化/出血增多,平均碘浓度为(3.5±1.6)mg I/ml,67个病灶无出血转化/出血增多,平均碘浓度为(1.4±0.9)mg I/ml,两组具有显著差异,即高碘外渗区域更易出现出血转化/出血增多,ROC分析两组之间的Cut-off值为2.7 mg/ml,DECT预测支架取栓术后出现出血转化/出血增多的敏感度、特异度分别为73.7%、92.5%。结论双能量CT在急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire支架取栓术后早期诊断及预测颅内出血具有重要的临床价值。     

磁共振血管造影检查在急性缺血性卒中早期诊断中的意义

目的:探讨急性缺血性卒中患者早期进行磁共振血管造影(magnetic resonance angiography,MRA)检查的意义。方法:依据血管病变将145例急性缺血性卒中患者分为2组:大血管闭塞组(n=83)和无大血管闭塞组(n=62)。采用Rankin量表(modified Rankin scale,mRS)评分评价患者的神经功能,比较2组的预后。结果:第3个月和第6个月随访时,大血管闭塞组患者mRS评分显著高于无大血管闭塞组;无大血管闭塞组mRS 0～2分患者所占比例均显著高于大血管闭塞组患者,分别为82.26%(51/62)比28.92%(24/83)和83.33%(50/60)比28.21%(22/78),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.005)。结论:急性缺血性卒中患者早期行MRA检查具有重要意义,可在一定程度上评估患者预后。     

Efficacy of Solitaire AB stent-release angioplasty in acute middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction

BACKGROUNDIn both national and international studies, the safety and effectiveness of treatment with the Solitaire stent in patients with ischemic stroke caused by acute large vessel occlusion were good, and the disability rate was significantly reduced. However, there are currently only a few reports on the differences in endovascular treatment for different etiological classifications, especially in the anterior cranial circulation, aorta atherosclerotic stenosis, and acute thrombosis.AIMTo investigate the efficacy of Solitaire AB stent-release angioplasty in patients with acute middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction.METHODSTwenty-five patients with acute middle cerebral atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction were retrospectively enrolled in this study from January 2017 to December 2019. The Solitaire AB stent was used to improve anterior blood flow to maintain modified cerebral infarction thrombolysis [modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI)] at the 2b/3 level or above, the stent was then unfolded and released.RESULTSAll 25 patients underwent successful surgery, with an average recanalization time of 23 min. One patient died of cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral herniation after the operation. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores immediately after surgery (7.5 ± 5.6), at 24 h (5.5 ± 5.6) and at 1 wk (3.6 ± 6.7) compared with the preoperative NIHSS score (15.9 ± 4.4), were significantly different (P < 0.01). One case of restenosis was observed 3 mo after surgery (the stenosis rate was 50% without clinical symptoms), the modified Rankin scale scores were 0 points in 14 cases (56%), 1 point in 4 cases (16%), 2 points in 2 cases (8%), 3 points in 3 cases (12%), 4 points in 1 case (4%), and 6 points in 1 case (4%).CONCLUSIONIn acute middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction, when the Solitaire AB stent is unfolded and the forward blood flow is maintained at mTICI level 2b/3 or higher, stent release may be a safe and effective treatment method; however, long-term observation and a larger sample size are required to verify these findings.     

单中心急性前循环大血管闭塞性醒后脑卒中血管内治疗有效性与安全性研究

目的探讨急性前循环大血管闭塞性醒后脑卒中血管内治疗的安全性及有效性。方法收集急性前循环大血管闭塞性缺血性脑卒中患者,以CT血管成像(CTA)证实颈内动脉或大脑中动脉M1段闭塞、Alberta脑卒中项目早期CT(ASPECT)评分≥6分及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分≥6分为主要入组标准,以术后24 h及术后7 d NIHSS评分评估患者神经功能缺损改善程度,以术后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估患者预后。按发病时间分为醒后卒中组和非醒后卒中组,比较2组基线资料、手术相关特征、术后脑出血率、术后90 d病死率、术后24 h及术后7 d NIHSS评分、术后90 d预后良好患者比例。结果共纳入53例急性前循环大血管闭塞性缺血性脑卒中患者,其中醒后卒中组18例、非醒后卒中组35例。醒后卒中组与非醒后卒中组的年龄、性别构成、脑卒中危险因素、入院NIHSS评分、脑卒中病因学分型、ASPECT评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P均> 0.05)。醒后卒中组术前静脉溶栓患者的比例低于非醒后卒中组(11%vs. 57%,P <0.05),2组的入院至穿刺时间、责任血管...     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗房颤急性缺血性卒中的临床研究

目的:探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗房颤及非房颤急性缺血性卒中患者的疗效及安全性。方法:纳入rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗发病4.5 h内急性缺血性卒中患者61例,分为房颤组22例和非房颤组39例。比较2组的基线特征,采用NIHSS及mRS量表评定溶栓前及溶栓后2 h、24 h、7 d、90 d的疗效。结果:房颤组男性人数、起病至开始溶栓时间均低于非房颤组,首次收缩压高于非房颤组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。2组溶栓后2 h、24 h、7 d NIHSS评分、7 d疗效、90 d mRS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:rt-PA治疗房颤急性缺血性卒中患者疗效及安全性与非房颤患者相当。     

不同血栓抽吸方法治疗ST段抬高心肌梗死的效果比较

目的 采用不同血栓抽吸方法治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死,了解疗效的差异.方法 急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者,行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术;冠状动脉造影示靶血管可见血栓负荷;术中采用抽吸导管抽吸血栓.排除血流动力学不稳定;支架内血栓形成;冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)术后;年龄＞75岁;既往脑卒中病史; PCI失败或抽吸导管无法通过病变的患者.所有入选患者根据术中应用手动抽吸导管的情况分为3组:只单独Diver抽吸导管抽吸患者304例,只单独Export抽吸导管抽吸患者452例,以及此两种抽吸导管组合抽吸患者203例.记录3组患者基线资料,比较3组间血流分级(TIMI),住院期间及出院后6个月内主要心血管不良事件.结果 抽吸导管组合抽吸组患者的年龄更大(56.3±14.5)岁 vs (55.7±12.0)岁 vs (58.4±17.3)岁(P＜0.01),合并高血压的比例更高(61.3% vs 62.1% vs 65.0%,P＜0.01),缺血时间相对较长(4.9±5.3) h vs (4.3±8.7) h vs (5.8±7.2) h(P＜0.01).PCI术中3组术前的TIMI0级的患者以两种抽吸导管组合抽吸组居多(51.0% vs 54.8% vs 55.9%,P＜0.05),其余各组在术前和术后的TIMI差异均无统计学意义.结论血栓抽吸导管组合抽吸未能进一步降低无复流的发生率.