Vitamin D concentrations among people aged 65 years and over living in private households and institutions in England: population survey

BACKGROUND: vitamin D deficiency among older people results in poor bone and muscle health and an increased risk of fractures. In the UK, government initiatives and the launch of the Osteoporosis Strategy have been in place since 1998, highlighting the importance of adequate levels of vitamin D for its prevention. The aim of this analysis is to assess vitamin D status and examine associations of deficiency with risk factors among older people in England. METHODS: a valid vitamin D sample was obtained from 1,766 informants as part of the Health Survey for England (HSE) 2000, a nationally representative survey of people aged 65 and over living in institutions and private households in England. RESULTS: among both men and women in institutions, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher and mean serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower than among those in private households. Regression analyses showed that women were more likely to be vitamin D deficient than men (odds ratio (OR) 2.1) and deficiency was associated with limiting longstanding illness (OR 3.57), manual social classes (OR 2.4), poor general health (OR 1.92) and body mass index<25 kg/m2 (OR 2.02), and was 67% more likely among informants in the winter/autumn. Overall, the results show no significant improvements in vitamin D status in comparison to earlier National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) results. CONCLUSION: vitamin D deficiency exists at worrying levels among those aged 65 years and over. Further action is needed to alert health professionals about the risks related to vitamin D deficiency and extend the provision of prevention and treatment programmes targeted to those in need.     

Body composition in Swedish old people aged 65-99 years, living in residential care facilities

It is important to evaluate body composition changes in subjects with an existing multi-system reduction in capacity, as a small decrease in fat-free mass (FFM) can cause serious impairments. The aim of the study was to describe body composition in old people living in institutions. Body composition data were collected within a study of 173 subjects with functional and cognitive impairment, aged 65-99 years, and living in residential care facilities. A bioelectrical impedance spectrometer (BIS) (Xitron Hydra 4200; 5-1000 kHz) was used to assess the amount of both FFM and fat mass (FM) which where adjusted for height. The Harpenden caliper and a tape measure were used to assess body fat, arm-muscle and arm-fat area (mm(2)). A large proportion of the old and functionally impaired population was at risk of malnutrition or already malnourished (63.4% vs. 17.4%) according to Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Women had significantly lower fat-free mass index (FFMI) and higher FMI, inversely related to age, than men. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and anthropometrical measurements correlated but on different levels. In addition the FM% differed between the two methods (46.3% vs. 33.4%).     

Outcomes of lumbar spinal fusion in super-elderly patients aged 80 years and over: Comparison with patients aged 65 years and over,and under 80 years

Despite the increasing prevalence of spinal surgery in super-elderly (SE) patients, the outcomes and complication rates have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes and complications of lumbar spinal fusion for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) in SE patients aged 80 years and over with those in patients aged 65 years and over, and under 80 years.This study analyzed 160 patients who underwent spinal fusion for DLSS between January 2011 and November 2019. Thirty patients in the SE group (group SE, ≥80 years) and 130 patients in the elderly group (group E, ≥65 years and <80 years) were enrolled. The performance status was evaluated by preoperative American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) score. Visual analog scales for back pain (VAS-BP) and leg pain (VAS-LP), and Korean Oswestry disability index (K-ODI) were used to assess clinical outcomes preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Percent changes of VAS-BP, VAS-LP and K-ODI were also analyzed. Fusion rates were evaluated by computed tomography 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Furthermore, bone mineral density, operative time, estimated blood loss, blood transfusion, hospital days, hospitalization in intensive care unit and postoperative complications were compared.The average age of group SE was 82.0 years and that of group E was 71.6 years. There were no differences in preoperative ASA score, preoperative or postoperative VAS BP and VAS-LP, bone mineral density, operative time, estimated blood loss, blood transfusion, hospital days, hospitalization in intensive care unit and fusion rates between the groups. Preoperative and postoperative K-ODI were higher in group SE than group E (all P < .05). However, percent changes of VAS-BP, VAS-LP and K-ODI showed no significant differences. Overall early and late complications were not significantly different between the groups; however postoperative delirium was more common in group SE than group E (P = .027). SE status was the only risk factor for postoperative delirium with odds ratio of 3.4 (P = .018).Spinal fusion surgery is considerable treatment to improve the quality of life of SE patients with DLSS, however careful perioperative management is needed to prevent postoperative delirium.     

The relationship between smoking status and epidemiology of asthma in people aged over 14 years in China

正Objective To study the relationship between bronchial asthma and smoking status in Chinese people.Methods Asthma epidemiological survey and stratifiedcluster-random method survey were performed in residents over 14 years in 8 provinces(cities)of China from February 2010 to August 2012.Asthma was diagnosed based upon case history,clinical signs and lung function     

2711例社区居民脑血管狭窄的流行病学调查

目的研究北京周边地区人群脑动脉狭窄的分布特征、患病率及相关危险因素。方法对北京市周边地区的2个村子及社区40岁以上居民进行整群抽样调查,调查项目:病史问卷、体格检查、血糖(空腹)及经颅多普勒超声(TCD)判断血管情况。按年龄分为青年组(40-44岁)、中年组(45-59岁)及老年组(≥60岁)。结果2 711例完成调查,其中男性922例,女性1 789例,检出有脑动脉狭窄者161例(5.9%)。其中单纯颅内动脉狭窄101例(3.7%),单纯颅外动脉狭窄41例(1.5%),颅内外动脉均狭窄19例(0.7%)。随年龄增长,各组颅外动脉狭窄比例逐渐增高,而颅内动脉狭窄的比例却逐渐下降。结论研究人群中脑动脉狭窄的发生率为5.9%。脑血管狭窄的分布因年龄不同。年龄、收缩压异常及血糖异常为颅内外动脉狭窄的独立危险因素。     

Oral condition and health status of people aged 80–85 years

Objectives:   To clarify the relationship between oral condition and health status, particularly bone mineral density (BMD), in the elderly aged 80 years or more.
Methods:   We examined the oral conditions and health status of two groups. One was elderly who lived at home and had at least 20 teeth at the age of 80 (8020 elderly). The other group consisted of elderly people residing in long-term care facilities (institutionalized elderly). The oral conditions we examined were the number of teeth, masticatory ability, occlusal force, stimulated salivary flow rate, saliva buffer ability, community periodontal index (CPI) and salivary occult blood test. The health status indicators we examined were BMD, grip strength, height, weight and body mass index (BMI).
Results:   The number of teeth, stimulated salivary flow rate, masticatory ability, and occlusal force in the 8020 elderly were significantly higher than in the institutionalized elderly. BMD, grip strength, height, weight and BMI in these 8020 elderly were also significantly higher than in the institutionalized elderly. Masticatory ability and occlusal force in the institutionalized elderly with high BMD (high BMD group) were significantly higher than in the institutionalized elderly with low BMD (low BMD group). Grip strength, height and weight in the high BMD group were higher than in the low BMD group.
Conclusions:   The 8020 elderly had good oral condition and health status compared to the institutionalized elderly. There may be a relationship between number of teeth and BMD in elderly aged 80–84.     

Cardiac valve replacement with mechanical prostheses in patients aged 65 years and over

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Recent data regarding the performance of mechanical prostheses in patients aged > or =65 years are scant. Hence, the outcome of mechanical prosthesis implantation in this age group has been retrospectively evaluated. METHODS: Between January 1990 and October 2002, 253 patients (163 males, 90 females) aged > or =65 years (mean age 68.2 years) underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) and/or mitral valve replacement (MVR) at the authors' institution. RESULTS: Among the patients, 94 (37.2%) had MVR, 137 (54.1%) had AVR, and 22 (8.7%) had MVR+AVR. In total, 99 patients (39.1%) had concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The early mortality rate was 11.1%; that for patients aged > or =70 years was greater than that for patients aged 65-69 years (14.5% versus 9.6%, p <0.001). The overall actuarial survival was 91.3 +/- 2.4% at 5 years, 81.1 +/- 4.1% at 8 years, and 73.8 +/- 6.3% at 10 years. Actuarial survival for patients with isolated AVR and MVR at 10 years was 84.7 +/- 6.0% and 61.4 +/- 18.8%, respectively. Actuarial survival at 10 years for patients with isolated valve replacement was 76.1 +/- 8.1%, and 68.7 +/- 10.2% for patients with concomitant CABG (p = 0.680). Actuarial survival at 10 years was 81.3 +/- 6.9% for patients aged 65-69 years, and 50.3 +/- 11.0% for patients aged > or =70 years (p = 0.001). Freedom from a major thromboembolic event was 99.4 +/- 0.7% at five years and 86.3 +/- 6.0% at 10 years, while freedom from hemorrhage was 90.4 +/- 2.6% and 70.3 +/- 6.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Mechanical prostheses can be used in patients aged > or =65 years, with favorable results. However, on the basis of the present findings, patients aged > or =70 years have a reduced early and late survival.     

The association between socioeconomic status, oral hygiene practice, denture stomatitis and oral status in elderly people living different residential homes

Oral hygiene practices and denture status of elderly people living in residential homes are different depending on the type of residential homes. In this study the elderly people living in three different residential homes were investigated for this purpose. A total of 269 subjects, 119 males (mean age 73.9 ± 8.8) and 150 females (mean age 78.5 ± 7.2) were involved in this study. All subjects were interviewed and clinically examined. Age, sex, educational status, financial status, general health, dental visiting, overnight denture wearing, brushing habits and frequency were recorded using a structured questionnaire. The prevalence of edentulism, the presence and type of dental prostheses, denture cleanliness and the presence of denture stomatitis were evaluated. Forty-one percent of subjects were non-educated. Fifty-one percent of subjects had low income. The majority of people (66.6%) were edentulous. Among the edentulous subjects 32% had full denture and 16% had no denture. Forty three percent of the subjects reported cleaning their dentures with water and 40% with a toothbrush only. Denture hygiene was good for 14% of the subjects. Denture stomatitis was observed in 44% of the subjects wearing dentures. There was statistically significant difference between residential homes and educational status, level of income, dental visiting, denture status, brushing methods and brushing frequency (p < 0.001). A positive relationship was observed between poor denture hygiene habits and the presence of denture-related stomatitis. The most important need within the residents of the residential home was the enhancement of oral care social insurance.     

中老年人夜尿增多流行病学调查

目的 了解郑州市40岁及以上人群夜尿增多的患病率及其相关因素. 方法 2010年6月至2011年2月采用多级分层随机抽样、横断面现场调查的方法抽取101 60例郑州市40岁以上常住居民(居住年限≥5年)进行夜尿增多问卷调查.对夜尿增多相关因素包括年龄、性别、糖尿病等进行统计分析,同时对夜尿次数增多进行国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)比较. 结果 40岁及以上的受访者9880例纳入统计分析,夜尿≥2次者占31.5％;随着年龄增大夜尿增多患病率增加(OR=1.05,95％CI:1.04～1.05,P＜0.01),70岁以上老年人患病率高达(48.9％);糖尿病组夜尿增多患病率高于非糖尿病组(43.1％比29.7％,OR=1.51,95％CI:1.34～1.71,P＜0.01).夜尿增多组前列腺症状评分高于无夜尿增多组(5.1±5.3比1.7±2.7,t=－23.562,P＜o.01). 结论 40岁及以上人群夜尿增多患病率与年龄、糖尿病和前列腺疾病相关.为减少夜尿增多对40岁及以上人群生活质量的影响,应加强夜尿增多的评估和治疗.     

Self-assessed health as predictor of objective health status among rural aged in Nigeria

Structured interviews of 112 old males and females in three rural locations in Nigeria examine the relationship between self-assessed health and four objective health indicators. Results show that although almost all of the respondents describe their health as better or much better than that of their peers, other health indicators reveal evidence of a generally poor health status. There was no significant association between self-assessed health and three out of the four objective health indicators. The best predictor of both objective and subjective health status was the degree of stress experienced by the respondents in the six months preceding the survey. Discussions examine possible reasons for the finding and pay particular attention to those factors which may encourage the overestimation of good health and underestimation of objective health failings among rural elderly in Nigeria.     

The association between sleep duration,napping, and stroke stratified by self-health status among Chinese people over 65 years old from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

Purpose

Stroke is a major cause of death in China. This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration (nighttime sleep and daytime napping) and stroke in elderly Chinese individuals with self-reported health status.

Methods

A total of 4785 Chinese adults over 65 years from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the association between sleep duration and stroke stratified by self-reported health status.

Results

A significant association between short sleep duration (< 7 h per day) and the risk of stroke (aOR?=?2.05; 95% CI 1.31–3.19), after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, health status, and comorbidities. There was no significant association between short and long sleep duration and stroke in the individuals who reported good general health status. However, in individuals who reported poor health status, short sleep duration (aOR?=?2.11; 95% CI 1.30–3.44) and long sleep duration (aOR?=?1.86; 95% CI 1.08–3.21) were significantly associated with increased risk of stroke, compared with normal sleep duration (7–8 h per day). Disability was significantly associated with stroke in both self-reported good and poor health groups. Rural residence was significantly associated with a lower risk of stroke among individuals who reported poor health status.

Conclusions

Both short and long sleep duration were significantly associated with stroke among individuals who reported poor health. Stroke prevention should be focused on elderly individuals who believe that they have health problems.

     

80岁以上老年人视力状况调查及影响因素分析

为了解≥80岁老年人的视觉状况,我们对≥80岁老年人的视力状况及影响因素进行调查,现报道如下。1对象及方法1.1对象2004年2月至11月,对在我院干部门诊例行年度体检和长期接受医疗诊治的≥80岁老年人458例进行眼部及全身系统检查。男420例,女38例,年龄80～103岁,平均(88.62±5.7