病毒性心肌炎与扩张型心肌病心肌线粒体DNA缺失的定量分析

目的对比研究病毒性心肌炎(VMC)与扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者活检心肌组织线粒体DNA(mtDNA)缺失突变情况及其与外周淋巴细胞mtDNA缺失程度的相关性.方法用定量PCR法检测20例VMC患者、12例DCM患者心肌细胞及其外周血淋巴细胞mtDNA4977碱基对(mtDNA4977)和mtDNA7436碱基对(mtDNA)缺失率.取12例健康意外死亡者心肌和23例献血员外周血淋巴细胞作正常对照.结果正常对照者、VMC和DCM患者心肌细胞均存在mtDNA4977及mtDNA7436缺失,合计缺失率分别为0.175%、0.385%和3.004%;外周淋巴细胞mtDNA缺失程度与心肌细胞呈一致性改变,且有良好的相关性(r=0.960,P＜0.001).结论mtDNA缺失可能是VMC发病及其向DCM演变的一个重要心肌损伤机制;外周淋巴细胞在研究心肌细胞mtDNA缺失中的作用值得进一步探讨.     

风湿性心脏病患者心肌、骨骼肌细胞mtDNA突变的相关性研究

目的探讨风湿性心脏病(风心病)患者心肌细胞与骨骼肌细胞线粒体DNA(mtDNA)突变的相关性.方法随机选取56例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄为主患者(下称实验组,冠心病除外),另选10例意外死亡的成人做为正常对照组.术中切取后乳头肌作为心室肌标本,胸大肌作为骨骼肌标本.定量每例患者心肌及骨骼肌mtDNA4977缺失率,分析其相关性及与心功能的关系.结果实验组心肌mtDNA4977缺失率为1.18%～13.75‰,对照组为0～0.06‰,两者有显著性差异(P＜0.01).随着心功能恶化,实验组心肌mtDNA4977缺失率增加.按NYHA心功能分级,Ⅱ级(B组)、Ⅲ级(C组)、Ⅳ级(D组)心肌mtDNA4977缺失率分别为3.79‰、6.32‰和9.28‰,两两比较,P＜0.05.实验组心肌、骨骼肌mtDNA4977缺失率呈正相关(γ=0.75,P＜0.01).结论风心病患者的心肌mtDNA4977缺失率与其心功能损害程度密切相关;其骨骼肌mtDNA4977缺失率与心肌mtDNA4977缺失率呈正相关.     

心肌mtDNA4977缺失与扩张型心肌病猝死的关系

目的探讨扩张型心肌病(DCM)猝死者心肌线粒体DNA(mtDNA)4977缺失情况及其与猝死的关系.方法从近7年尸检案例中挑选11例DCM猝死和14例对照组病例及心肌组织蜡块,按常规方法提取心肌mtDNA,用PCR、琼脂糖紫外凝胶成像技术确定扩增产物激光密度,初步定量检测mtDNA4977缺失率.结果DCM猝死11例中,未成年人2例;成人9例,均为男性,年龄22～49(平均38)岁.对照组14例中,未成年人1例;成人13例,其中男11例,女2例,年龄19～47(平均37.23)岁,死因为机械性损伤和窒息各2例,电击死2例,中毒2例,非心肌病猝死6例.DCM11例(占100%)、对照组2例(占14.28%)检见不同程度的mtDNA4977缺失;两组病例mtDNA4977缺失率均值分别为0.92%和0.09%,差异有统计学意义.结论DCM猝死者心肌可检见mtDNA49 77缺失;其心肌mtDNA4977缺失突变与DCM猝死有关.     

病毒性心肌炎患者心肌细胞线粒体DNA缺失的定量分析

为探讨病毒性心肌炎 (VMC)患者心肌细胞线粒体 DNA(mt NDA)缺失突变情况及意义 ,用定量 PCR法检测 2 0例 VMC患者心肌细胞及其外周血淋巴细胞 mt DNA4 977碱基对 (mt DNA4 977)和 mt DNA74 36 碱基对 (mt D-NA74 36 )缺失率。取 10例健康意外死亡者心肌和 2 0例献血员外周血淋巴细胞作正常对照。结果显示 ,正常对照者和 VMC患者心肌细胞均存在 m t DNA4 977及 mt DNA74 36缺失 ,合计缺失率分别为 0 .176 %、0 .384 % ,二者差异显著 ,P<0 .0 5 ;VMC患者外周淋巴细胞 mt DNA缺失程度与心肌细胞呈一致性改变 ,且有良好的相关性 (r=0 .92 0 ,P<0 .0 0 1)。提示 mt DNA缺失可能是 VMC发病过程中重要的心肌损伤机制 ;外周淋巴细胞在研究心肌细胞 mt DNA缺失中的作用值得进一步探讨     

病毒性心肌炎心功能受损时心肌超微结构变化特点

目的：观察病毒性心肌炎（VMC)心功能与心肌超微结构相关性。方法：40例病毒性心肌炎患，按左室射血分数(LVEF)值分为3组，分别观察其心功能与心肌标本超微结构的关系，并设正常对照组10例．结果；随着心功能损伤程度加重，LVEF值降低，心肌细胞内肌原纤维溶解，线粒体肿胀变性，肌浆网扩张及细胞内水肿加重，大量空泡出现，糖原颗粒减少，淋巴细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞的浸润程度加重。结论：心功能与心肌超徽结构密切相关．     

抗人心肌线粒体抗体在病毒性心肌炎和扩张型心肌病中的检测及其意义

目的检测病毒性心肌炎(VMC)和扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者血清中是否有抗人心肌线粒体抗体存在及其意义。 方法以人心肌线粒体作抗原,应用免疫点印迹在29例VMC(VMC组)、24例DCM(DCM组)、33例其它心脏病(OCD组)及20例健康献血者(HBD组)进行抗人心肌线粒体抗体检测,用免疫印迹方法检测其抗原分子量。 结果VMC组(12例,41.4%)DCM组(10例,41.7%)抗人心肌线粒体抗体阳性明显高于OCD组(2例,6.1%)及HBD(0%);②抗体阳性的VMC和DCM患者中有43.8%的心肌肌钙蛋白T升高,抗体阴性者为12.0%(P＜0.05)有显著性差异;③人心肌线粒体特异性抗原的分子量为30KD。 结论①在VMC和DCM患者血清中存在抗人心肌线粒体抗体,说明部分VMC及DCM与自身免疫有关,该抗体是引起心肌损伤的因素之一,对该抗体的检测可作为VMC和DCM的辅助诊断手段之一;②该抗体的特异性抗原可能为人心肌线粒体腺苷酸转位酶。     

抗心肌抗体对心肌炎心肌病临床诊断、治疗和预后评估的价值

抗心肌抗体(AHA)是机体产生针对自身心肌蛋白分子的抗体总称,介导心肌免疫损伤,促使病毒性心肌炎(VMC)和扩张型心肌病(DCM)的发生发展。近年来越来越多的临床证据显示,AHA在VMC和DCM患者体内表达具有高度敏感性和特异性。AHA的检测对VMC和DCM早期诊断、疾病风险评估和预后判断具有重要价值;而早期针对AHA选择临床用药,能有效防治疾病、改善患者预后。     

病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌与骨骼肌细胞线粒体损伤及其相关性

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎（VMC）小鼠心肌与骨骼肌细胞线粒体损伤（线粒体膜磷脂脱失和线粒体DNA3867缺失）程度及二者的相关性。方法50只BALB/c小鼠随机分为2组,实验组（40只）腹腔注射内含柯萨奇B3病毒（Coxsackievirus B3,CVB3,TCID50=108）的Eagle液制备VMC小鼠模型,另10只为对照组。分别于病毒感染后3、11和24 d行心肌和骨骼肌细胞线粒体膜磷脂脱失程度和mtDNA3867缺失率的测定,并用Spearman法对其进行相关分析。结果实验组小鼠在病毒感染后3 d,可见心肌和骨骼肌细胞mtDNA3867缺失率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而线粒体膜磷脂脱失程度与对照组相比无显著性差异;病毒感染后11 d,心肌和骨骼肌细胞mtDNA3867缺失性损伤达高峰（P<0.05）,线粒体膜磷脂脱失程度亦显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;病毒感染后24 d,心肌和骨骼肌细胞线粒体膜磷脂脱失和mtDNA3867缺失程度与感染后11 d组比较无显著性差异,但与对照组和病毒感染后3 d组比较,仍有显著性差异（P<0.05）。线粒体的上述损伤性改变在心肌和骨骼肌细胞呈一致性同步变化,且具有良好相关性（P<0.05）。结论CVB3可显著损伤心肌和骨骼肌线粒体DNA和膜磷脂,两者损伤具有相关性,提示骨骼肌有望成为反映心肌细胞线粒体损伤的外周细胞“窗口”。     

肠病毒感染及抗ADP/ATP载体抗体在病毒性心脏病发病中的意义

目的 :探讨肠病毒感染与抗二磷酸腺苷 /三磷酸腺苷 (ADP/ ATP)载体抗体在病毒性心脏病发病中的意义。方法 :应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应 (RT- PCR)和免疫转印法对临床诊断为病毒性心肌炎 (VMC)和扩张型心肌病 (DCM)患者进行肠病毒核糖核酸 (RNA)及抗 ADP/ ATP载体抗体的检测。结果 :RT- PCR方法检测肠病毒 RNA,VMC组 (n =74) 4 2例 (56.8% )阳性 ,DCM组 (n=2 6) 1 1例 (42 .3% )阳性。与健康组 (n =30 )比较具有显著性差异 (分别 P <0 .0 1 ,P <0 .0 5) ;肠病毒感染与 DCM患者心脏功能降低有明显相关性。免疫转印法检测 VMC(n =34)和 DCM(n =2 6)患者血清抗 ADP/ ATP载体抗体 ,VMC组 2 3例 (67.6% )阳性 ,DCM组 1 2例 (46.2 % )阳性 ,而健康组均为阴性 ;抗 ADP/ ATP载体抗体和肠病毒 RNA的检出相关 (r=0 .442 )。结论 :肠病毒RNA和抗 ADP/ ATP载体抗体在病毒性心脏病患者中检出具有相关性 ,对临床上出现前驱感染和心脏症状的患者 ,及时进行肠病毒 RNA、CVB- Ig M、抗 ADP/ ATP载体抗体的检测 ,有助于 VMC和 DCM的早期诊断。     

老年耳聋的线粒体DNA4977缺失研究

目的探讨mtDNA4977缺失与老年耳聋的关系。方法提取老年耳聋组(20例)与老年听力正常组(20例)的外周血DNA,采用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chainreaction,PCR)及巢式PCR技术,扩增正常及缺失区mtDNA片段。结果在6例老年耳聋中检测到了mtDNA4977缺失,而听力正常的老年组中未检测到mtDNA4977缺失。结论mtDNA4977缺失是老年耳聋的发病原因之一。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.