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??Objective??To explore the effects of upper airway obstruction on the prevalence of malocclusion in children??and use the cephalometrics to study the effects of upper airway obstruction on craniomaxillofacial growth and development. Methods????1??Prevalence of malocclusion??craniomaxillofacial examination was carried out respectively on 176 children with upper airway obstruction in ENT Department??Group ENT?? and on 485 primary and middle school students??Group GS??. The total prevalence of malocclusion and the prevalence of malocclusion of different dental stages were compared between two groups of children. Then count the malocclusion constitute ratio on Angel??s classification. ??2??Cephalometric analysis??there were 32 patients with upper airway obstruction from ENT department as orthodontic treatment group??Group H??and 32 patients without the upper airway obstruction as orthodontic clinic group??Group N??. Measure the cephalometrics of craniomaxillofacial soft and hard tissue??upper airway sagittal dimension and hyoid bone position??then statistical analysis was done by independent-sample t-test. Results??The prevalence of malocclusion of primary dentition period??mixed dentition period and total prevalence of malocclusion in Group ENT were higher than Group GS with statistical significance??P??0.001??. There was no significant difference between the two groups in permanent dentition period??P??0.05??. Between Group H and Group N??in craniomaxillofacial soft and hard tissue measurements??only SNGoGn had statistical difference??P??0.05????there were significant differences in three parameters of upper airway??posterior nasal spine point to the pharyngeal wall ??PNS-UPW????middle soft palate to the posterior pharyngeal wall??SPP-SPPW??and narrowest airway clearance??Mc1-Mc2????P??0.05????the measurements of H-PP??H-PNS??H-MP and H-C3??V?? representing the vertical position of the hyoid bone had statistically significant differences ??P??0.05??while no other measurements were statistically significant. Conclusion??The prevalence of malocclusion in children with upper airway obstruction is significantly higher than that of the normal population. Children with upper airway obstruction during their growth and development are prone to have vertical mandibular growth??a reduction in the upper pharyngeal sagittal dimension and lower hyoid position.     

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目的评价Er:YAG激光照射对牙本质与瓷块间粘接强度的影响。方法选取2010年9月至2011年9月山西医科大学口腔医院颌面外科因正畸拔除的完整无龋坏、无隐裂的前磨牙30颗,分别制备3mm×3mm的牙本质面,随机分为以下3组:Er:YAG激光组、酸蚀组、酸蚀+Er:YAG激光组,每组10个样本。通过扫描电镜观察各组样本的表面形态,并检测牙本质与瓷块间的粘接强度。结果酸蚀+Er:YAG激光组粘接强度值最高,与酸蚀组和Er:YAG激光组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而酸蚀组与Er:YAG激光组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论酸蚀联合Er:YAG激光照射能够增强牙本质与瓷块间的粘接强度,是牙体组织粘接前有效的表面处理方式。     

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通过了解正常人群颜面部的软组织生长发育特点、美学特征以及头影测量中线距与角度,认识反（牙合）人群颜面部软组织在硬组织上的分布特点,以及治疗后软组织与牙齿、骨骼移动的规律,从而指导临床治疗方式的选择,使骨性反（牙合）治疗后达到功能、美观上的协调。     

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??Objective    To evaluate microleakage of incisally fractured incisors restored with nanofilled composite resins.  Methods    Twelve previously extracted incisors were assigned to two groups ??A and B?? equally according to the size of tooth. The teeth were cut obliquely from the mesial incisal angle to simulate uncomplicated tooth fracture. Labial reduction of 0.5mm and dovetails in the lingual surfaces were prepared. Additional 2mm of the incisal edge were cut horizontally in group A. The teeth in both groups were restored with nanofilled composite resins using a multilayer technique. Thermal and mechanical cycling was used to simulate oral temperature and aging effect. Level of microleakage was assessed. Statistical analyses were conducted between the two groups. Results    Eleven of the twelve samples revealed microleakage??and one case had the leakage up to the medullary shaft wall. Difference between the two groups revealed no statistical significance. Conclusion    According to the results of this study??microleakage still exists when using nanofilled composite resins to restore incisally fractured incisors. Whether to reduce 2mm of incisal edge or not does not affect level of microleakage.     

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目的观察用夹层技术修复活髓前牙的临床治疗效果。方法将2004年7月至2008年3月在深圳市龙岗区人民医院和龙岗区中心医院口腔科就诊的前牙深龋患者118例(236颗患牙),随机分为试验组116颗和对照组120颗,分别以玻璃离子水门汀夹层修复和以氢氧化钙垫底后纳米树脂修复,比较治疗后3年的临床疗效和修复后反应。结果试验夹层技术组成功率为93.97%,对照组传统方法修复为84.17%,两种方法疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。夹层技术组牙髓炎和继发龋的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),而边缘密合性和充填物脱落发生率两者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论夹层技术将纳米树脂和玻璃离子性能相互补偿,使活髓前牙的修复达到理想效果。     

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目的 探讨Delaire面弓与固定矫治器联合应用解除恒牙列早期前牙反牙合的临床效果。方法 选取2004 — 2007年就诊于江苏省泰州市人民医院口腔医学专科的32例恒牙列早期前牙反牙合病例,应用Delaire面弓与固定矫治器进行治疗,治疗前后均采集记存模型、全景片（全颌曲面断层片）、头颅侧位片,测量图形获取相关数据,并以Downs分析法进行评判,对比其治疗前后的测量指标值。结果 完成治疗的32例患者中,31例患者上颌明显向前生长,上牙弓近中移动,下颌骨向前生长明显受到抑制,下颌平面与牙合平面未发生明显的顺时针旋转,其中30例反牙合解除,前牙覆盖正常,1例前牙呈切对切状态。1例反牙合复发。结论 在恒牙列早期前牙反牙合中,应用Delaire面弓与固定矫治技术,既缩短了疗程,减少复诊次数,又提高了疗效,是一种较理想的矫治方法。     

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目的研究在同一牙弓中牙齿相互作用条件下,0.56mm×0.71mm(0.022英寸×0.028英寸)国产奥杰全程式托槽与日本OPA-K金属托槽在转矩控制方面是否有差异。方法通过Typodont水浴实验,模拟临床矫治过程,测量结束弓丝为0.48mm×0.64mm(0.019英寸×0.025英寸)SS方丝时使用两种品牌托槽的上颌55的唇舌向倾斜度,并通过数学编程计算转化为上颌55的转矩余隙角ψ,对其绝对值进行配对t检验。结果结束弓丝为0.48mm×0.64mm(0.019英寸×0.025英寸)SS方丝时,OPA-K金属托槽的转矩余隙角ψ的绝对值为(4.834±2.846)°,奥杰全程式金属托槽的转矩余隙角ψ的绝对值为(4.469±3.213)°,两种托槽间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.309)。结论0.56mm×0.71mm(0.022英寸×0.028英寸)的OPA-K金属托槽和奥杰全程式托槽在转矩控制方面无差异,临床上使用这两种托槽均可达到满意的转矩控制。     

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C形根管(C-shaped root cana1)系统是根管横截面呈"C"形的根管系统,常发生于下颌第二恒磨牙。C形融合根管的解剖结构较为复杂。常规根管预备方法往往难以彻底有效地对其清理和成形,从而影响治疗效果。对于C形根管的预备目前还没有规范化的预备技术研究的报道。本文就C形根管系统的基本特征及其预备研究的新进展作一综述。     

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目的分析比较使用两种X线头影重叠测量方法对骨性Ⅱ类错功能矫形治疗后磨牙关系骨、牙性改变的测量效果。方法选择2002年7月至2004年7月江西医学院附属口腔医院正畸科14例经功能矫形治疗的病例,对其治疗前后的X线头颅定位侧位片进行定点描记,以Bjrk和Johnson两种X线重叠测量方法,分别对所有患者磨牙关系骨、牙性变化进行测量和分析。结果腭平面相对前颅底结构未发生旋转且下颌无明显整体旋转;Johnson分析法与Bjrk分析法对磨牙关系骨性、牙性改变比较时,上、下颌骨性与上、下颌牙性的测量结果差异均无统计学意义。结论对功能矫形治疗后磨牙关系上、下颌的骨性和牙性改变测量分析时,两种X线重叠测量方法可能会产生相近的效果;针对性地选择Johnson分析法可使功能矫形治疗后的磨牙关系骨、牙性改变测量分析更为简捷。     

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??Objective    To investigate the expression of miR-590 in the tissues of patients with oral lichen planus and oral squamous carcinoma and study its role in the carcinogenesis of oral mucosal cells. Methods    Twenty female and twelve male OLP patients??OLP group??and seventeen female and eleven male OSCC patients??OSCC group??were selected??who were pathologically diagnosed in Jinzhou Stomatological Hospital from March 2014 to December 2015. Twenty healthy matched volunteers served as control group. The expressions of miR-590 in oral tissues of the three groups were examined by realtime PCR. The difference among the three groups was statistically analyzed. Results    The relative expressions of miR-590 were significantly higher in OLP??1.96 ± 0.52??and OSCC patients??2.75 ± 0.78??than those in the healthy controls??0.77 ± 0.34????P < 0.05??. There were significant differences in the expression of miR-590 between the OLP group and OSCC group??P < 0.05??. Conclusion    The expressions of miR-590 are higher in OLP and OSCC patients than those in normal controls??miR-590 may play a role in the carcinogenesis of oral mucosal cells.     

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??Objective    To evaluate the clinical results of osteotome sinus floor elevation??OSFE?? combining simultaneous implants placement in different residual bone height ??RBH????especially when the RBH is less than 5 mm. Methods   ??From June 2013 to June 2016??30 patients undergoing osteotome sinus floor elevation were included in the study??who simutaneously received 30 Ankylos implants??4.5 mm × 8.0 mm??in maxillary posterior region. These patients were divided into two groups??group A ??3 mm≤ RBH < 5 mm??15 patients?? and group B ??5 mm ≤ RBH < 8 mm??15 patients??. The implant stability quotient??ISQ??was tested immediately after surgery??4 months ??secondary stage?? and 6 months after implant placement ??before repair????RBH was measured immediately after surgery??6 months and 12 months after implant placement. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 software package. Results??No significant difference in implant stability was found between the two groups immediately after surgery??4 months or 6 months??P > 0.05?? later. The RBH of 6 months and 12 months after implant placement was significantly different from that after surgery??P < 0.05??. Conclusion    OSFE and simultaneous dental implantation is proved to have good implant stability and short-term satisfactory result at 3 mm ≤ RBH < 5 mm.     

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目的    探讨全面部骨折各种手术复位径路的可行性及优缺点。方法    对2002—2009年在宿州市立医院口腔颌面外科救治的资料完整的69例全面部骨折手术病例复位手术径路进行回顾性分析。结果    69例患者中,有47例采用了头皮冠状切口+小切口,22例单纯采取局部小切口。术后随访平均6个月,患者在功能上皆取得了良好的治疗效果,并发症表现各有不同。结论    冠状切口+小切口和单纯局部小切口在不同适应证中均可获得满意的治疗效果,应进一步研究如何减少冠状切口的并发症和如何应用微创切口对全面部骨折进行良好复位。     

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??Objective    To evaluate the sealing effect of a dentin adhesive in Class??restorations. Methods    Standardized mixed Class??cavities??2 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm??were prepared in 120 extracted premolars that were randomly assigned to 4 groups??n=30 for each group??. Three adhesive systems??All Bond Universal??total-etch and self-etch????Prime & Bond NT??and G bond and resin composite??were applied to each group following manufactures′ instructions. The teeth were immersed in 50 % ammoniacal silver nitrate and depth of penetration was evaluated under a microscope??and data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results    Microleakage was observed in all groups. All Bond Universal??total-etch??scores were lower than the other two groups??P??0.05??. There was no difference between total-etch and self-etch when All Bond Universal was used??P??0.05??. Higher microleakage scores were observed along the gingival margin than along the occlusal margin in all groups??P??0.05??. Conclusion    New universal adhesive ??All Bond Universal?? is a convenient and efficient adhesive. Total-etch and self-etch have no influence on marginal microleakage the long-term effect need further study.     

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目的    探讨重组人表皮生长因子（rhEGF）凝胶治疗复发性口腔溃疡的临床疗效。方法    采用随机平行对照试验方法,将2007-2009年辽宁省人民医院口腔科收治64例复发性口腔溃疡（ROU）患者随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组用rhEGF凝胶局部涂药,对照组给予2%碘甘油局部涂药,分组观察,2组均治疗至溃疡愈合或2周止。结果    试验组患者溃疡平均愈合时间为（3.52±1.29）d,对照组为（7.58±2.07）d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。试验组总有效率（96.9%）明显高于对照组（62.5%）（P < 0.05）。结论    重组人表皮生长因子凝胶对口腔溃疡创面具有明显的促进愈合作用,应用方便、安全。     

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目的探讨透明质酸钠关节上腔和关节下腔注射在治疗颞下颌关节骨关节病中的疗效。方法选择2006年7月至2009年2月威海市立医院口腔门诊适合注射透明质酸钠的46例颞下颌关节骨关节病患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组25例采用关节下腔注射透明质酸钠,对照组21例采用关节上腔注射,比较两组疗效的差异。结果张口度对照组平均增加(0.96±0.13)cm,试验组平均增加(1.28±0.09)cm,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);关节疼痛对照组平均缓解(23.43±9.62)mm,试验组平均缓解(29.08±10.51)mm,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗后3个月至6个月的症状改善进行比较,张口度对照组变化为(0.01±0.03)cm,试验组为(0.08±0.04)cm,差异无统计学意义;关节疼痛改善对照组为(1.64±0.56)mm,试验组为(4.24±0.79)mm,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论透明质酸钠关节上、下腔注射对颞下颌关节骨关节病确有疗效,关节下腔注射较上腔注射对缓解患者的关节疼痛和改善张口度的效果更为明显,且对疼痛缓解的作用时间更持久。     

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目的探讨偏侧咀嚼对颞下颌关节的影响。方法通过拍摄颞下颌关节X线侧位片,测量56例1999—2001年就诊于四川大学华西口腔医院颞下颌关节诊室的偏侧咀嚼患者的关节窝深度、宽度以及髁道斜度,了解其颞下颌关节形态变化。结果30例非习惯侧出现关节结节后斜面骨质粗糙、关节窝骨皮质吸收变薄、髁状突功能面骨质不光滑样骨质改变(53.6%),21例习惯侧出现骨质改变(37.5%),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。偏侧咀嚼患者习惯侧与非习惯侧的颞下颌关节窝深度和髁道斜度之间差异也有统计学意义(P均<0.05),而两者间关节窝宽度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论偏侧咀嚼影响颞下颌关节形态。     

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目的通过显微CT体外评价,比较3种不同直径羟磷灰石颗粒外部间隙分布情况,探讨材料外部间隙对临床运用的影响。方法 2014年3—4月于广州科学城显微CT实验室对颗粒直径分别为0.25~1 mm、0.4~1 mm、1~2 mm的3种人工骨材料进行体外固定,采用显微CT扫描,评价各自的间隙排列。结果 1~2 mm组羟基磷灰石颗粒压实堆积后显微CT下显示材料颗粒排列松散,颗粒团块间存在较大空隙,间隙率为61.75%;0.25~1 mm和0.4~1 mm组材料颗粒排列较为均匀,颗粒团块间存在间隙较小,间隙率分别为27.33%和42.44%。结论显微CT可用于颗粒移植材料的微观物理参数评估,0.25~1 mm组羟磷灰石颗粒压实后颗粒团块内部排列紧密,临床上有利于植骨后稳定成骨空间。     

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目的探讨关节腔注射透明质酸钠治疗间接性颞下颌关节(TMJ)损伤后并发关节功能紊乱患者的临床疗效。方法选择2009年5月至2011年5月甘肃省嘉峪关市第一人民医院口腔科收治的因间接性TMJ损伤并发关节功能紊乱且经保守治疗无效的患者40例,将其随机分为两组:治疗组20例,关节腔冲洗后注射透明质酸钠;对照组20例,单纯行关节腔冲洗。观察两组患者治疗前后关节疼痛、开口度和侧向活动度的变化。结果经过1个疗程(每周1次,3周为1个疗程)治疗后,两组患者的关节疼痛、开口度和侧向活动度均较治疗前改善;组间比较结果显示,治疗组关节疼痛、开口度和侧向活动度的改善程度均较对照组明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论关节腔注射透明质酸钠治疗间接性TMJ损伤后并发关节功能紊乱病的疗效优于单纯进行关节腔冲洗;透明质酸钠可以明显改善间接性TMJ损伤并发关节功能紊乱患者的疼痛症状、开口度和侧向活动度。     

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目的评价含生物活性玻璃成分的脱敏剂与氟保护漆联合应用对牙本质小管的堵塞效果及治疗牙本质过敏症(dentin hypersensitivity,DH)的临床疗效。方法选择2013年6月到2014年6月到中国医科大学口腔医学院干诊科就诊的59例DH患者的120颗患牙,随机分为A组(41颗)、B组(39颗)、C组(40颗),分别使用氟保护漆、奥敏清及氟保护漆与奥敏清联合涂布敏感处,应用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)法评价其疗效。另选择因正畸需要拔除的完整无龋坏前磨牙20颗,制备成敏感模型后随机分为a、b、c、d四组,每组5颗,a、b、c三组处理方法同上述A、B、C组,d组为空白对照组,用蒸馏水进行处理,扫描电镜观察各组牙本质小管的堵塞情况。结果 A、B、C三组的VAS评分值在处理即刻均明显下降,且随时间推移均有增高趋势;有效率比较,A、C两组在1个月时差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他各组间在各时点差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组内比较,A组即刻与1个月时差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。扫描电镜观察a、b、c三组牙本质小管均有不同程度堵塞,其中以联合应用组效果最佳。结论含生物活性玻璃成分的脱敏剂与氟保护漆联合应用堵塞牙本质小管的效果最佳,且具有较好的临床效果。     

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目的探讨中药离子导入治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)的临床疗效。方法将2000年11月至2007年11月大连大学附属中山医院确诊的TMD患者212例,随机分为试验组(中药离子导入组)109例,采用中药溶液湿热敷配合电脑中频药物导入治疗仪治疗;对照组(药物治疗组)103例,采用传统口服药治疗。治疗2周后对比观察临床疗效。结果试验组及对照组的治疗有效率分别为90.83%和78.64%,两组差异具有统计学意义,(χ2=6.13,P<0.05),试验组有效率明显高于对照组。结论中药离子导入治疗TMD是一种具有较好应用前景的治疗方法,为中药治疗TMD提供了一种新的给药途径。