Derotational osteotomy of the proximal radius and the distal ulna for congenital radioulnar synostosis

Objective  To evaluate the clinical and functional results of a technical procedure in the surgical treatment of congenital radioulnar synostosis in children. Materials and methods  A prospective study had been undertaken from January 1992 to December 2004. Thirty-four patients with congenital radioulnar synostosis that are fixed in pronation were recruited. Congenital radioulnar synostosis was classified for two types according to Tachdjian’s criteria. All patients were treated by resection of the proximal radius and the distal ulna to remove a segmental bone of both parts of the forearm. After K-wires are inserted intramedullarly into both bones, the forearm is derotated manually, followed by cast immobilization. Results  There were 34 patients (52 forearms) with congenital radioulnar synostosis, whom the average age at surgery was 6 years and 3 months. There were two types of congenital radioulnar synostosis: Type 1 in six forearms (11.6%) and Type 2 in 46 forearms (88.4%). The preoperative forearm rotation ranged from 65° to 85° pronation. The postoperative forearm rotation angle was corrected from 0° to 30°; the best end position appears to be 70–100% of pronation. Of the patients, 78.8% had good or excellent results. All patients were operated on without complications; five patients had loss of correction during cast immobilization. Overall, the patient’s ability to perform daily activities showed a marked improvement after surgery. Conclusion  This method is a simple and safe technique to derotate the forearms of patients with congenital radioulnar synostosis that are fixed in pronation.     

Rotational osteotomy at the diaphysis of the radius in the treatment of congenital radioulnar synostosis

Four cases of congenital radioulnar synostosis in three patients were treated by rotational osteotomy of the distal radius. The diaphysis of the radius was osteotomized transversely, and then the forearm was supinated manually. Following surgery, the palm was immobilized in a fully supinated position by a long-arm cast. The average age at surgery was 4 years 5 months old (range 3 years 11 months to 4 years 11 months), and the average follow-up was 21 months (range 12-36 months). Bone union was obtained in all patients without any complications or correction loss. Functional improvements were achieved in all patients. This procedure is simple and safe in the treatment of congenital radioulnar synostosis.     

Ulnar nerve palsy following rotational osteotomy of congenital radioulnar synostosis

Two successive cases of ulnar nerve palsy following rotational osteotomy through a congenital radioulnar synostosis are described. Entrapment of the ulnar nerve by the fascia connecting the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris was documented in one patient. Recommendations to avoid this complication include shortening of the forearm at the osteotomy site and the release of unyielding soft tissue restraints. Rotational osteotomy at the distal radial metaphysis may provide a safe, alternative approach in the surgical management of this difficult problem.     

倒凹形旋转截骨术治疗先天性尺桡骨近端联结

先天性尺桡骨近端骨性联结(congenital radioulnar synostosia)是一种少见的先天性畸形，主要是尺骨和桡骨近端发生骨性联结，使前臂固定在不同角度的旋前位。尺桡骨近端截骨术是目前公认的较好的治疗方法之一，自1987年以来，在传统截骨方法的基础上加以改良，采用倒凹形旋转截骨术治疗先天性尺桡骨近端骨性联结9例，效果良好，现报告如下。     

Two-stage double-level rotational osteotomy in the treatment of congenital radioulnar synostosis

Congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis is a rare congenital anomaly that can be extremely disabling, especially when it occurs bilaterally or if there is severe hyperpronation. Currently, osteotomy to achieve a neutral or slightly pronated position is widely accepted for the management of patients who have severe pronation. The present study evaluates the result of two-stage double-level rotational osteotomy of both the radius and ulna in the treatment of severe congenital radioulnar synostosis. Nine children with severe congenital radioulnar synostosis underwent two-stage double-level rotational osteotomy of both the radius and ulna at Mansoura University Hospital. There were seven boys and two girls with a mean age of 5.6 years who were followed up for a mean of 26 months. The position of the forearm was improved from a mean pronation deformity of 76 degrees (60 degrees to 85 degrees) to 30 degrees of pronation in the affected dominant extremities and 20 degrees of supination in non-dominant extremities in all cases. Bony union was achieved by 5.9 weeks with no loss of correction. The advantages of this technique are that it is easy, safe, with absence of severe postoperative complications and requires a small surgical scar. A drawback of the technique is that the rotation correction depends only on a cast, so that a correction loss might occur if the plaster cast loosens.     

Rotational osteotomies for congenital radioulnar synostosis

In five children, six forearms with a fixed pronation deformity secondary to congenital radioulnar synostosis were treated by a derotation osteotomy of the distal radius and the midshaft of the ulna.There were three boys and two girls with a mean age of 4.9 years (3.5 to 8.25) who were followed up for a mean of 29 months (18 to 43). The position of the forearm was improved from a mean pronation deformity of 68 degrees (40 degrees to 80 degrees ) to a pre-planned position of 10 degrees of supination in all cases. Bony union was achieved by 6.3 weeks with no loss of correction. There was one major complication involving a distal radial osteotomy which required exploration for a possible compartment syndrome.     

融合部旋转短缩截骨治疗儿童先天性上尺桡骨融合

目的 探讨融合部旋转短缩截骨治疗儿童先天性上尺桡骨融合的疗效.方法 回顾性分析采用融合部旋转短缩截骨治疗的儿童先天性上尺桡骨融合13例(14侧肢体),男10例、女3例;年龄2～7岁,平均3.5岁.前臂旋前畸形50°～90°,平均82.1°.患侧手不能完成端碗进食、护理个人卫生、转动球形门把手、开锁、伸手接物等日常动作,手臂外观异常.均行融合部旋转短缩截骨治疗,取肘后Boyd切口,松解尺桡骨近端骨间膜,融合部截骨短缩0.5 cm,旋转前臂至中立位或旋后10°～20°位对合截骨端,以克氏针固定.8～16周截骨端骨性愈合后取出内固定.结果 融合部旋转短缩截骨后前臂固定于中立位或旋后10°～20°位,前臂旋前畸形平均矫正90.7°.未出现前臂缺血性挛缩及切口感染,截骨处愈合顺利.术后患肢外观改善,患儿可完成端碗进食、护理个人卫生等日常动作,生活质量改善,家属和患儿对手术效果满意.全部患者获得随访,随访时间14～88个月,矫正角度无丢失.结论 融合部旋转短缩截骨治疗先天性上尺桡骨融合能够改善外观和患肢功能,术后肢体发生缺血挛缩的风险低.     

桡骨粗隆下截骨术治疗先天性上尺桡关节融合

[目的]研究先天性上尺桡关节融合的治疗方法及疗效。[方法]10例行单侧桡骨粗隆下截骨，术后辅以功能锻炼。[结果]1例因功能锻炼困难，旋后功能不满意，其余9例均获满意的功能。[结论]桡骨粗隆下截骨术辅以较完善的功能锻炼是治疗先天性上尺桡关节融合一个较好的方法。     

先天性尺桡骨融合的手术治疗

目的 总结尺桡骨截骨旋转矫形治疗先天性尺桡骨融合的临床经验.方法 自2000年8月-2004年6月共手术治疗先天性尺桡骨融合5例(9侧),对严重畸形(旋前70°～110°)7侧,行尺桡骨截骨旋转矫形术.结果 术后随访时间为18～64个月,平均35个月.截骨处骨折愈合时间平均为6.5周,无矫正丢失,前臂固定于旋前20°～25°的位置,患儿对目前手功能自觉满意.结论 尺桡骨截骨旋转矫形是治疗先天性尺桡骨融合简单而有效的方法.     

先天性尺桡骨近端骨折融合3例

1病例资料例1,男,6岁。左侧受累。前臂主动旋前0°-15°,旋后0°受限,右前臂运动功能正常。双上肢在生活、玩耍中无明显困难。X线片示：右尺桡骨正常,左尺桡骨未见骨性融合,但有桡骨头脱位,按Tachdjian分型为Ⅲ型。     

Corrective osteotomy for malunion of distal diaphyseal/metaphyseal radius or ulna fracture affecting stability of the distal radioulnar joint

BackgroundWe postulated that residual distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability after distal diaphyseal or metaphyseal fracture in the radius or ulna may occur due to malaligned or malunited bony structures as well as primary or secondary soft issue stabiliser. Here, we report the outcomes of corrective osteotomy in a retrospective study.MethodsPatients undergoing the osteotomy for DRUJ instability between March 2000 and February 2018 were included in the study. Thirteen patients were evaluated. The initial injury occurred at a mean age of 12.3 years and corrective osteotomy was performed at a mean age of 20.8 years. The mean follow-up period was 33.1 months. The male to female ratio was 8:5 and the corrected radius/ulna ratio was 11:2. DRUJ instability was diagnosed clinically and radiologically based on the stress/clunk test and the distance between the cortex of the radius, and the radioulnar ratio. All osteotomies in the radius and ulna were of the open wedge type and were performed using plates/screws.ResultsThe radioulnar ratio was significantly higher than the normal ratio (p < 0.001). All osteotomies healed well without any serious complications. The preoperative distance between the cortex of the radius and ulna was significantly decreased at the final follow-up, from 4.74 ± 0.82 to 1.16 ± 0.46 mm (p < 0.001). Positive findings of two instability tests were all converted to negative. The ranges of motion of the flexion-extension and pronation-supination arcs were significantly improved. Finally, preoperative VAS pain and DASH scores improved to 0.23 ± 0.44 and 3.92 ± 1.84, respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionsMalunited radius or ulna plays a role in DRUJ instability, affecting the bony geometry in terms of the relationship between the sigmoid notch and ulnar head. Treatment of malunion by corrective osteotomy represents a useful option for resolving instability.Level of evidenceLevel IV, Retrospective therapeutic study.     

先天性上尺桡骨融合畸形患者的远期手术疗效分析

目的介绍先天性上尺桡关节融合畸形手术治疗的效果。方法按Ｋｉｅｎｂｏｃｋ标准分为两型，Ⅰ型为骨性联合，按桡骨小头的形态又可分为有头型和无头型两个亚型；Ⅱ型为软骨或纤维性联合。对５例（４～６岁）１０侧先天性上尺桡关节融合，采用尺骨近端截骨和／桡骨近端切除，尺桡骨联合部截骨术。结果术后随访２～７年，虽无后遗症发生，但所有肘关节伸直及前臂旋转功能改善不明显。结论目前常用的尺骨近端截骨和／或桡骨近端切除，疗效不明显     

The pronator quadratus in motions and in stabilization of the radius and ulna at the distal radioulnar joint.

Based upon the findings of dissections of 15 forearms and clinical observations in patients with disturbed architecture of the distal radioulnar joint, the pronator quadratus was found to be composed of two heads. A superficial head originated from the ulna and passed transversely to its insertion into the radius. It averaged 5.1 cm. in length, 4.5 cm. in width, 0.2 cm. in thickness, with a cross-sectional area of 0.95 cm.2 and a contractile volume of 2.6 cm.3. The deep head ran obliquely from a more proximal origin on the ulna to a distal insertion on the radius, with an average length of 4.0 cm., average width of 3.2 cm., and a thickness of 0.4 cm. Its average cross-sectional area was 1.64 cm.2 and its contractile volume 2.5 cm.3. A group of fibers occasionally was noted deep to both heads, running at right angles to them and paralleling the direction of the fibers of the interosseous membrane. The superficial head initiates pronation while the deep head coapts the joint surfaces and stabilizes the joint.     

Minimally invasive single-session double-level rotational osteotomy of the forearm bones to correct fixed pronation deformity in congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis

BackgroundCongenital proximal radioulnar synostosis is the most common congenital disease of the elbow joints and forearms.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 12 consecutive children (14 forearms) who presented to the National Institute of Neuromotor System in Egypt between September 2012 and September 2013 with severe congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis, having a mean pronation deformity of 70.7° (range 60°–85°), and who underwent operative correction by single-session double-level rotational osteotomy and percutaneous intramedullary K-wires of both the radius and ulna. Ten forearms were type III, and four were type II according to Cleary and Omer classification. The mean age at the time of surgery was 5 years and 2 months (range 4 years and 10 months to 6 years and 5 months). They were evaluated for functional results after rotational corrective osteotomy at a mean interval of 30.4 months (range 24–36 months) by physical examination and radiographs.ResultsAll children had a mean pronation deformity correction of 59.8° (range 30°–90°) reaching a final position of 20°–30° of pronation in the affected dominant extremities and 20° of supination in the affected non-dominant extremities after osteotomy. All children showed improvement in functional activities, with no loss of correction or non-union in any child, and no circulatory disturbances, neuropathies, or hypertrophic scars.ConclusionMinimally invasive single-session double-level rotation osteotomy of the proximal ulna and distal radius with percutaneous intramedullary K-wire fixation is a safe, technically simple and efficient procedure which corrects pronation deformity.