64层螺旋CT后处理图像在活体肾移植供体术前评估中的应用

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT后处理图像在活体肾供体术前评价中的应用价值。方法:41例活体肾移植供体术前行64层螺旋CT三期增强扫描,其中20例施行供肾摘取手术。所有图像均进行MPR、VR及MIP等图像后处理,观察肾实质、肾动脉、肾静脉及上尿路情况。将术前的CT后处理图像和术中所见进行对照,评价CT后处理图像的敏感性和准确性。结果:41例健康供肾者64层螺旋CT数据经后处理后均获得了满意的CT血管成像(CTA)、CT尿路成像(CTU)及MIP图像。所有病例肾实质及上尿路情况均正常;15例患者21个肾脏中发现25支副肾动脉(25.6%);8例患者发现一侧肾动脉过早分支(9.8%),4例患者发现同侧双支肾静脉(4.9%)。CT后处理图像显示的肾实质、肾脏血管及上尿路情况与手术所见相同。结论:64层螺旋CT后处理图像可准确而全面地评价移植前健康供体的肾实质、肾脏血管及上尿路的情况。     

64层CT肾血管成像在肾移植供体评价中的临床应用价值

目的:评价64层螺旋CT肾血管成像技术在肾移植供体评价中的临床应用价值。方法:对40例亲属供肾者行64层螺旋CT肾血管成像,应用容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重组(MPR)等技术进行肾血管重建,评价供肾血管情况,将影像学表现与术中所见进行对照。结果:40例供肾者1次屏气完成扫描,均获得满意的轴面图像,应用VR、MIP、MPR等后处理技术重建肾血管,可清晰显示肾动脉主干及其2～4级分支。9例单侧肾由副肾动脉供血,其中8例单侧肾见单支副肾动脉,1例双侧肾各见1支副肾动脉;9例存在肾动脉分支过早,其中1例双肾动脉均为肾动脉分支过早,共10支血管距离肾动脉开口在1.5cm以内;2例显示肾静脉解剖变异。CT血管成像对供肾动静脉主干、副肾动脉、肾动脉分支过早、肾静脉主干变异的显示与术中所见一致。结论:64层螺旋CT肾血管成像是肾移植术前评价活体供肾血管的一种无创、安全、经济、有效的检查方法。     

螺旋CT血管成像与后处理技术对活体供肾血管的评估

 目的评价螺旋CT三维重建技术在亲属活体供肾血管术前评估的价值.方法2004年10月～2005年11月亲属活体供肾移植术6例,术前行螺旋CT血管造影.采集的轴位图像数据传入影像工作站,分别使用VR、MIP和MPR技术进行图像后处理,评估供肾血管状况,并与肾移植取肾手术相对照.结果VR技术后处理显示肾动静脉主干及2～3级分支(6/6),副肾动脉(0/3),肾静脉走行变异(1/1),双侧下腔静脉(1/1);MIP、MPR技术后处理均显示肾动、静脉主干及2～4级分支(6/6),副肾动脉(3/3),肾静脉走行变异(1/1),左肾静脉2支属支(1/1),双下腔静脉(1/1).图像后处理综合结果与取肾术中所见完全一致,敏感性和准确性均为100%.结论MIP及MPR技术观察细小血管分支优于VR.SCTA及图像后处理技术,术前可替代DSA对亲属活体供肾血管作准确评估.     

多层螺旋CT后处理图像对亲属活体供肾术前的综合评价

目的 评价多层螺旋CT(MDCT)后处理图像对亲属活体供肾摘取手术前评估供肾状况的价值.资料与方法 施行开放供肾摘取手术20例,术前全部供者均使用MDCT后处理图像显示供肾血管、上尿路、肾实质及供肾与周围脏器的空间关系,重建层厚和层距采用1.25 mm和1 mm,将术中所见和术后摘取的供肾与术前的CT后处理图像进行对照,评价CT后处理图像的敏感性和准确性.结果 20例供肾者CT数据经后处理后均获得了满意的CT血管成像(CTA)、CT尿路成像(CTU)、多平面重建(MPR)及容积再现(VR)图像,清晰地显示了肾血管的分支、数目、长短、粗细,上尿路的形态,肾实质情况,肾脏与毗邻周围器官的空间立体关系,CT后处理图像显示的肾脏血管情况、上尿路形态、肾实质及供肾与周围脏器的空间关系与手术所见相同.结论 使用MDCT后处理图像可代替DSA、排泄性尿路造影(IVP)及超声检查,准确而全面地评价移植前亲属供体的肾脏血管、上尿路、肾实质及肾脏与周围脏器的空间立体关系.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像在肾动脉病变中的临床应用

 目的 探讨64层螺旋CT在肾动脉成像中的临床应用价值.方法 应用SureStart 造影剂追踪技术进行肾动脉成像检查,将76例肾动脉病变患者的原始数据传至后处理工作站,通过容积再现(volume rendering,VR)、曲面重建(curved planar reconstruction,CPR)、最大密度投影(maximum intensity projection,MIP)、血管探针(vessel Probe,VP)技术处理.结果 76例中包括肾动脉瘤5例、肾动脉狭窄17例、肾癌12例、马蹄肾3例、单纯肾动脉变异39例;VR及MIP图像能清晰显示肾动脉的空间解剖细节,在发现肾动脉变异及动脉瘤方面优势明显;VP及CPR可准确测量狭窄血管的长度和最窄直径.结论 64层螺旋CT可直观地、准确地显示肾动脉变异和病变,在指导肾脏手术方面有重要临床价值.     

16层螺旋CT对肋软骨骨折的诊断分析

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT不同后处理功能在诊断肋软骨骨折中的价值.方法 对63例有胸部外伤且临床高度怀疑有肋软骨骨折病人行螺旋CT容积扫描,将所得原始数据经工作站行多平面重建(MPR)、表面遮盖显示(SSD)、最大密度投影(MIP)及容积再现(VR)重建,并比较各种重建图像对肋软骨的显示能力.结果 63例受检者经螺旋CT扫描重建处理后发现肋软骨骨折39例.重建以MIP技术显示效果最佳,MPR、VR次之.结论 螺旋CT重建图像(MIP)是诊断肋软骨骨折的一种无创伤性最佳影像学技术.     

64层CT对活体肾移植供体术前应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT在活体肾移植供体术前临床应用价值。方法:60例活体亲属供肾者术前1周内行64层CT检查,所有供者均采用平扫及动脉期、静脉期、排泄期四步扫描法进行扫描。图像处理采用CPR,MIP及3DVR重建。将CT表现与经手术证实的56名供者术中所见进行对照,评价64层CT在术前评估供肾血管、尿路及肾实质情况的价值。结果:56名手术证实除1例副肾动脉CTA漏诊以外其余动静脉主干、副肾动脉、动脉提前分支,肾静脉主干变异及其属支,尿路及肾实质情况显示与术中一致。结论:64层CT可直观显示活体供肾者肾血管、尿路及肾实质生理及病理改变,对活体供肾者术前综合评估有重要临床价值。     

多层螺旋CT三维血管成像对肺隔离症诊断的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT三维血管成像在肺隔离症诊断中的应用价值.方法:收集经手术及病理证实的9例肺隔离症患者的资料进行回顾性分析.所有检查采用GE lightspeed 16层CT扫描机,先行CT平扫,再行双期增强扫描,将图像传输至工作站,进行MPR、MIP、SSD及VR重建.结果:9例肺隔离症均位于下叶后基底段,其中8例位于左下肺,1例位于右下肺.异常供血动脉7例来自于胸降主动脉,2例来自于腹主动脉上段.CT平扫主要表现为肺内囊肿、结节或肿块,局部可伴肺气肿征.增强扫描病变区血管影增多、增粗,呈条状或结节状血管强化影.CT血管成像显示病变由异常体动脉供血.采用MPR和MIP可显示供血动脉整体形态及肺实质的病灶.SSD及VR能显示供血动脉的起源与行程及引流静脉.结论:多层螺旋CT增强及三维重建是诊断肺隔离症最理想非创性检查方法.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像在肾动脉瘤诊断中的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像在肾动脉瘤(RAA)中的诊断价值。方法:6例临床疑诊RAA患者经16层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)。应用容积重建(VR)和最大密度投影(MIP),结合多平面重建(MPR)对肾动脉瘤显示情况进行评价。结果:6例均为单发,瘤体直径1.6~3.6cm。4例为囊状扩张,2例为梭形。多种图像与轴位图像结合能清晰地显示动脉瘤的解剖细节及其与周围器官的空间解剖关系。结论:多层螺旋CT血管成像具有无创、快捷、安全、准确性高的特点,可作为肾动脉瘤首选而有效的检查方法。     

64层螺旋CT在活体肾移植供体术前评价中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT(64-SCT)在活体.肾移植供体术前评价中的应用价值.资料与方法 对58例活体肾移植供体应用64-SCT进行肾皮质期、实质期、排泄期扫描.所得数据传至Vitrea 2工作站,采用容积再现(VR)、曲面重组(CPR)、多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)等后处理技术重组肾实质、肾血管、肾盂及输尿管图像,其中35例与取肾手术进行对照.结果 58例中双肾动脉单支型40例(68.97%),双肾动脉双支型6例(10.34%).右肾静脉单支型49例(84.48%),双支型9例(15.52%),左肾静脉单支型57例(98.28%).双肾盂、中上段输尿管均未见明显异常.64-SCT对肾动脉、肾盂及输尿管显示的敏感性和特异性均为100%;对肾静脉显示的准确性为97.14%;对单支肾静脉显示的敏感性为100%,特异性为50%.结论 64-SCT能较全面地显示供体肾实质、肾动静脉、肾盂、中上段输尿管解剖及变异,可为临床选择合适的供肾提供可靠依据.     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。