精氨酸加压素在猪心的分布

目的：观察精氨酸加压素（AVP）免疫反应（IR）阳性的神经纤维在猪心的分布。方法：取新鲜猪心10个（宰杀5分钟内），用生理盐水经冠状动脉口灌注后，再用4％多聚甲醛灌流固定,切取左心房，右心房，左心室，右心室，冠状窦，冠状动脉周围和室间隔的心肌组织块，置于4％多聚甲醛固定6h，然后进行免疫组织化学（ABC法）研究。结果：AVP－IR纤维多以线状，点线状或交织成网络状沿血管走行，或攀附血管走行，分布于左右心房，心室和冠状动脉周围，但以心房为多，结论：猪心内存在与人心相似的神经肽，这为研究猪心的神经肽为心血管系统中的作用提供了形态学基础。     

猕猴海马结构和皮质内AChE阳性纤维的分布及年龄变化

用组织化学方法，结合体视学测量研究ＡＣｈＥ阳性纤维在猕海马结构，内嗅区皮质和前额区皮质的分布和年龄变化。结果显示海马结构和皮质内ＡＣｈＥ阳性纤维呈不同的板层样分布，前者纤维密度明显高于内嗅区皮质和前额区皮质，被检各区的密度随年龄增加呈降低－升高－降低的动态变化趋势（２－６岁纤维密度降低，６－１４岁升高，１４－２４岁再降低）。表明ＡＣｈＥ阳性纤维在猕猴海马结构，内嗅区皮质和前额区质的分布具有年龄相关     

胆碱能神经在正常人胃壁的分布

为了给临床病理状态下胃溃疡神经分布提供参照，更好地为溃疡病的防治提供形态学依据，本文采用Ｋａｒｎｏｖｓｋｙ－Ｒｏｏｔｓ法，观察了４例正常人胃壁胆碱能神经纤维分布特点。结果：胃壁各层均有乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ）阳性纤维，但上皮和固有层上部未见ＡＣｈＥ阳性纤维；ＡＣｈＥ阳性纤维有４种形态：终末纤维、终末前纤维、神经束、神经干，胃壁各层细小动脉壁也存在神经末梢分布，在含非特异胆碱酸酶反应中，可见胃粘膜上皮下固有膜内，存在分支的神经末梢交互联成网状，可能是传入性质，对其功能意义做了讨论     

小鼠淋巴结内肥大细胞生长抑素免疫组织化学观察

目的：观察小鼠淋巴结内肥大细胞的分布特点及神经肽性质。方法：采用甲苯胺蓝染色和免疫组织化学ABC方法。结果：淋巴结内肥大细胞多为圆形和椭圆形，主要分布于淋巴窦内；经与甲苯胺蓝邻片比较，肥大细胞呈生长抑素（SS）免疫反应性，可见免疫反应阳性颗粒充满于胞质内，细胞核为阴性反应。结论：小鼠淋巴结肥大细胞呈SS免疫反应性，表明肥大细胞内神经肽SS可能通过神经－内分泌－免疫网络系统调节免疫器官的功能活动。     

神经肽Y、P物质在扬子鳄泄殖腔器内的分布

目的：观察含神经肽Y（NPY）、P物质（SP）神经在扬子鳄泄殖腔壁内的分布情况。方法：免疫组织化学ABC法及免疫荧光法。结果：扬子鳄泄殖腔壁内SP免疫反应（SP－IR）阳性神经纤维多见于肌层,也见于外膜、呈细线状或点线状,肌层内的SP－IR神经纤维与平滑肌纤维平行走行或构成网络状;NPY免疫反应（NPY－IR）神经纤维呈细线状,密度较稀,主要见于肌层,也近似与平滑肌纤维平行走行,免疫荧光法还证实,肌层内有散在分布的、多呈椭圆形的NPY－IR阳性神经元胞体,并见有突起与周围的神经纤维形成联系。结论：扬子鳄的泄殖腔壁也存在有SP、NPY能神经分布。     

I—B4阳性纤维和终末及P物质受体在大鼠腰骶髓内的分布

籽探讨传递伤害性刺激信息的Ｃ纤维张末与ＳＰ受体（ＳＰＲ）阳性结构间的关系，用Ｉ－Ｂ４组织化学法和ＳＰＲ免疫组织化学法，光镜下观察了大鼠腰骶髓内Ｉ－Ｂ４阳性纤维及其终末和ＳＰＲ阳性一胞体及其树突的分布、结果显示，被Ｉ－Ｂ４特异标记的阳性纤维及其终末主要分矶于腰骶后角Ⅰ、Ⅱ层以及内、外侧束。另餐；在腰骶髓的后连合核区（ＤＣＮ）也有相当数量的Ｉ－Ｂ４阳性纤维及其终末分布，说明了伤害性刺激信息主要传递至腰     

胃壁胆碱能神经分布与溃疡病的关系

目的：为溃疡病的发病机理及临床防治提供形态学根据。方法：采用Ｋａｒｎｏｖｓｋｙ－Ｒｏｏｔｓ法，观察了１０例溃疡病人及４例正常人胃壁胆碱能神经纤维分布特点，并做统计学处理，结果：胃壁各层均有红棕色的乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ）阳性纤维，但粘膜上皮和固有层上部未见ＡＣｈＥ阳性纤维。检测胃壁ＡＣｈＥ阳性纤维分布密度，病人（２．６８±０．１０）高于正常人（１．１４±０．０１），Ｐ＜０．０１。结论：溃疡病发病与胆碱能神经密切相关。     

GAP-43免疫反应神经纤维在小鼠脾脏的分布及其性质的研究

用免疫组化方法研究了GAP－43免疫反应阳性神经纤维在成年小鼠脾脏的分布及其性质。结果显示，GAP43样免疫反应阳性纤维不仅广泛分布于脾内血管周围，还存在于白髓、红髓的淋巴细胞之间。应用6-羟多巴（6－OHDA）损毁儿茶酚胺能神经后，TH、NPY免疫组化染色不能显示任何阳性神经纤维，而GAP－43免疫反应阳性神经纤维尚有部分存留．它们多位于较大的血管周围，较直且平滑、膨体少。此结果表明，成熟小鼠脾内绝大部分单胺能神经纤维和少部分非单胺能神经纤维含有GAP－43，是具有可塑性的神经纤维。     

人胚胎视网膜内神经丝蛋白的出现和分布

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法研究了２５０例４－３８周人胚胎视网膜中神经丝蛋白（ＮＦ）的出现和分布。发现第３２周胎儿视网膜神经纤维层出现ＮＦ阳性纤维。至出生时，神经纤维层卫性纤维增多、增粗，但仍未达成人的水平。人胎视网膜ＮＦ主要分布于节细胞轴突，成人除节细胞胞体和轴突外，内网层也有少数ＮＦ阳性纤维。     

GAP-43免疫反应神经纤维对发育中大鼠脾脏支配的研究

本实验用免疫组化方法研究了含生长相关蛋白（GAP－43）的神经纤维在新生、幼年、成年大鼠脾脏的分布及发育规律、结果显示，在出生第1d，GAP－43免疫反应阳性神经纤维团簇即出现于尚在形成中的白髓（原基）中．根据形态可将它们分粗直和细网两种类型．至生后第10d，随着脾脏的迅速发育，GAP－43免疫反应阳性神经纤维的密度也达最高峰，它们大量出现于脾脏的血管系统周围和白、红髓内，其形态演变为具有膨体的细纤维．在生后20d，除脾脏的血管周围外，GAP－43阳性纤维密度有所下降，只出现于脾小体和被膜等结构内。在成年大鼠脾脏，除上述部位外，阳性纤维明显见于发育成熟的小梁中。本研究发现，GAP－43免疫反应阳性神经纤维密度在脾脏发育各阶段有所不同，以生后第10d为最多．本研究还就含GAP－43神经在发育中脾脏的分布规律与含TH能神经成分做了比较．     

Immunohistochemical Localization of Somatostatin in the Brain of Chinese Alligator Alligator sinensis

In this study, the regional distribution and histological localization of somatostatin (SS) immunoreactive (IR) perikarya and fibers was investigated for the first time in the brain of adult Chinese alligator by immunohistochemical method. The results showed SS‐IR perikarya and fibers were widely distributed in various parts of the brain except for olfactory bulbs. In the telencephalon, SS‐IR perikarya were predominantly located in the cellular layer and deep plexiform layer of dorsomedial and medial cortex, less in the dorsal and lateral cortex, while SS‐IR fibers were found in all layers of the cerebral cortex. SS‐IR perikarya and fibers were also detected in the dorsal ventricular ridge, hippocampus cortex, accessory olfactory bulb nuclearus, lenticular nucleus, and caudate nucleus. In the diencephalon, SS‐IR perikarya and fibers were mainly present in supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, recessus infundibular nucleus, median eminence, the pineal gland and pituitary gland, in which the IR‐fibers were abundant, appearing dot‐shaped and varicosity‐like. In the mesencephalon, they were present in tectum cortex, ependyma of cerebral aqueduct and the periaqueductal grey matter. Additionally, they were also detected in Purkinje's cellular layer of cerebellum, in the reticularis nucleus and raphe nucleus of medulla oblongata. The distribution pattern of SS‐IR perikarya and fibers in the brain of Chinese alligator is generally similar to that reported in other reptiles, but also has some specific features. The wide distribution indicated that SS might be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator which acts on many kinds of target cells with a wide range of physiological functions. Anat Rec, 300:507–519, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

小鼠心脏一氧化氮合酶神经纤维的分布

目的：探讨小鼠心脏一氧化氮合酶aninic oxide synthse神经元结构和神经纤维分布。方法：NADPH-d组织化学技术。结果：小鼠心脏神经元主要分为NOS强阳性、中度和弱阳性反应细胞；心脏各部均接受NOS神经支配，其神经纤维多与肌纤维长轴平行走向。心房最丰富，房室结次之，左、右心室最少。心房及房室结的NOS阳性纤维呈串珠状膨大，心室的常为丝状，膨体极少。结论：小鼠心脏NOS神经元包括强阳性、中度和弱阳性反应细胞，NOS阳性纤维在心脏各部的分布和形态均有差异，NO可能作为神经递质和/或神经调节剂在心血流和冲动传导等的神经调控中起作用。     

大鼠生后发育期间胰岛D细胞的胰岛淀粉样多肽和生长抑素的表达

目的观察大鼠生后发育期间胰岛淀粉样多肽（ｉｓｌｅｔａｍｙｌｏｉｄｐｏｌｙｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ,ＩＡＰＰ）与生长抑素（ｓｏ－ｍａｔｏｓｔａｔｉｎ,ＳＳ）在胰岛Ｄ细胞的表达。方法免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ邻片单染法。结果从生后１ｄ至成年大鼠胰岛内均有部分ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ细胞和ＳＳ－ＩＲ细胞形态相似、定位一致;外分泌部腺泡间散在分布的部分ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ细胞也呈ＳＳ免疫反应性。结论大鼠生后发育过程中胰岛部分Ｄ细胞同时表达ＩＡＰＰ和ＳＳ,即两者共存于胰岛Ｄ细胞内     

Distribution of somatostatin- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the porcine female reproductive system.

The localization and distribution of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y were studied in the porcine female reproductive system with the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in different parts of the ovary and in the muscular membrane of the uterus as well as in the mesosalphinx. Somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons were detected in the inferior mesenteric ganglion. Neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity was present in a large number of nerve fibers distributed in different regions of the uterus, oviduct and ovary. The present results suggest that the porcine female genital organs receive innervation by somatostatin- and neuropeptide Y-containing nerve fibers, but their exact functional role remains to be established.     

人胎海马生长抑素和神经生长因子免疫阳性神经元的研究

本文采用免疫细胞化学ABC法对20例胎龄为16～36周的人胎儿海马进行了观察。证明人胎海马存在着生长抑素和神经生长因子免疫阳性神经元，两者均散在分布于海马皮质的深层，为多极神经元；免疫反应阳性颗粒均匀地分布于神经元胞质中，生长抑素阳性细胞中的颗粒比神经生长因子阳性细胞中的颗粒粗大。本文结果提示：人胎海马中存在的上述两类阳性神经元可能在中枢神经系统的发育中起着重要作用。     

Somatostatin is contained in and released from cholinergic nerves in the heart of the toad Bufo marinus

The heart of the toad Bufo marinus contained a substance with somatostatin-like immunoreactivity which eluted with somatostatin on reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Immunoreactivity to somatostatin was localised histochemically to nerve fibers in muscle bundles of the sinus venosus, atria and ventricles and to nerve cell bodies in the sinus venosus and inter-atrial septum. Nerve cell bodies were localised both by interference contrast microscopy and immunohistochemistry; all detectable intracardiac neurons were immunoreactive. Synthetic somatostatin inhibited the rate and force of beat of atrial preparations, but did not affect the driven ventricle. Vagal stimulation caused inhibition of all cardiac chambers. After muscarinic blockade with hyoscine, vagal stimulation with 3 Hz or more still caused inhibition of the pacemaker and atrium, but not of the ventricle. The hyoscine-resistant vagal effects were diminished by about 60% after induction of tachyphylaxis to somatostatin. When when the vagus nerves were stimulated intermittently for 1 h at 10 Hz, in the presence or absence of hyoscine, the effect of somatostatin was reduced by about 60%. It is concluded that the cholinergic postganglionic neurons of the cardiac vagus contain somatostatin. When the vagus is stimulated at 3 Hz or more, the neurons release sufficient somatostatin to inhibit the pacemaker and atrial muscle.     

猪不停跳心脏离体模型的建立

背景：保持供心离体跳动,可以减少供心的缺血时间,延长供心的离体保存时间。 目的：建立稳定简便的猪不停跳心脏离体模型。 方法：12只健康家猪随机等分为不停跳组和冷晶体灌注组。不停跳组经升主动脉建立冠状动脉灌注,经右心房进右心室建立静脉引流,经左心耳放置软管入左心室引流,建立猪的不停跳心脏离体模型。冷晶体灌注组按常规心脏移植实行心脏离体保护。 结果与结论：不停跳组共施行6例猪心脏离体手术,术后2,4 h离体心脏不停跳成功率为100%(6/6),6 h离体心脏不停跳成功率为83%(5/6)。与对照组相比,不停跳组丙二醛水平降低,超氧化物歧化酶活性升高(P < 0.05),心肌超微结构保持良好。说明猪的不停跳心脏离体模型成功率高,是研究离体不停跳心脏仪器的稳定可靠动物模型。     

IDIOPATHIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR DILATION

Two autopsy cases which showed marked depletion of the right ventricular musculature of the heart accompanied with marked infiltration of the adipose tissue were reported. The first cases was an 18-year-old female who died of right sided congestive heart failure after about 4-years clinical course. The autopsy disclosed marked dilation of the right atrium and ventricle. The entire free wall of the right ventricle was markedly thin. Microscopically, most of the myocardial fibers of the right ventricle were replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. The second case, a 15-year-old boy, whose identical twin was previously diagnosed as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia designated by F ontaine et al. , died suddenly during exercise. He showed no cardiac symptoms but electrocardiogram was abnormal. Autopsy revealed majority of the myocardial fibers of the right ventricular free wall were replaced by fatty tissue. In both cases, fatty infiltration was mainly noticed at the epicardial side and some myocardial fibers remained in the fatty tissue showed hypertrophic and/or degenerative changes. Review of the literature on similar cases showing depletion of the right ventricular musculature including so-called adult's Uhl anomaly, ARVD and dilated right ventricular myocardiopathy was conducted and the relationship of the present cases with these lesions was discussed.     

Idiopathic right ventricular dilation. Special reference to "arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia" and analogous lesions

Two autopsy cases which showed marked depletion of the right ventricular musculature of the heart accompanied with marked infiltration of the adipose tissue were reported. The first cases was an 18-year-old female who died of right sided congestive heart failure after about 4-years clinical course. The autopsy disclosed marked dilation of the right atrium and ventricle. The entire free wall of the right ventricle was markedly thin. Microscopically, most of the myocardial fibers of the right ventricle were replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. The second case, a 15-year-old boy, whose identical twin was previously diagnosed as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia designated by Fontaine et al., died suddenly during exercise. He showed no cardiac symptoms but electrocardiogram was abnormal. Autopsy revealed majority of the myocardial fibers of the right ventricular free wall were replaced by fatty tissue. In both cases, fatty infiltration was mainly noticed at the epicardial side and some myocardial fibers remained in the fatty tissue showed hypertrophic and/or degenerative changes. Review of the literature on similar cases showing depletion of the right ventricular musculature including so-called adult's Uhl anomaly, ARVD and dilated right ventricular myocardiopathy was conducted and the relationship of the present cases with these lesions was discussed.