野罂粟总生物碱镇痛作用部位的研究

目的研究野罂粟总生物碱(TAPN)的镇痛作用部位。方法采用小鼠福尔马林试验,ip和iv两种给药途径对醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应所得ED50进行比较,小鼠和大鼠侧脑室给药法(icv)、脊髓蛛网膜下腔给药法(ith)确定TAPN的镇痛作用部位。结果TAPNip给药对福尔马林致痛的早、晚两相疼痛反应均有抑制作用,对晚期相更为敏感。ip或iv等剂量的TAPN,对小鼠扭体反应的抑制程度多以ip为强,且测得TAPN给药后各个时间段的ED50(ip)均小于ED50(iv)。TAPN微量icv给药具有明显的镇痛作用,而微量ith给药无明显的镇痛作用。结论TAPN的镇痛作用部位主要在外周,同时也具有中枢镇静作用,且在脊髓以上水平。     

氧化苦参碱的镇痛作用

目的:探讨在不同的疼痛模型中,氧化苦参碱(Oxymatrine,OMT)的镇痛效果。方法:昆明小鼠随机分为空白组(生理盐水组),吗啡组,纳洛酮组及给药组,采用醋酸扭体法、热板法,观察给药后小鼠扭体次数(WT)、舔后足潜伏期(HPPT),同时注射纳洛酮观察其对氧化苦参碱镇痛作用的影响;采用部分结扎坐骨神经法(PSNL)建立模型,用up and down方法分别测结扎前、结扎后第3,7,14,21天小鼠手术侧后足底给药前后足底机械缩足反应阈值(MWT),观察氧化苦参碱(150 mg/kg)对神经性疼痛的影响。结果:氧化苦参碱(25～200 mg/kg)各剂量依赖性地减少醋酸所致的小鼠扭体次数,提高小鼠热刺激引起的痛阈,且以上镇痛作用不能被纳洛酮所拮抗;氧化苦参碱(150 mg/kg)还能提高部分结扎坐骨神经法手术组小鼠的机械缩足反应阈值。结论:氧化苦参碱对物理性疼痛、化学刺激性疼痛及神经性疼痛均有抑制作用。     

癃清片抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的:研究和比较癃清片不同溶剂提取物的抗炎镇痛作用。方法:采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、角叉菜胶诱导小鼠足肿胀进行抗炎实验,采用热板法和醋酸扭体法进行镇痛实验,比较癃清片醇提取物、水提取物、二氯甲烷和正丁醇部位的抗炎镇痛作用。结果:癃清片醇提物、水提物均具有不同程度的抗炎镇痛作用,同剂量之间比较以醇提取物活性较强。癃清片正丁醇部位(0.23g/kg、0.46g/kg)能明显降低二甲苯致炎小鼠血清中PGE2、MAD、TNF-α含量,醇提正丁醇部位(0.46g/kg)抑制角叉菜胶致小鼠足趾肿胀,该部位(0.12g/kg、0.23g/kg、0.46g/kg)能延长热板所致的小鼠舔后足的时间,该部位(0.23g/kg、0.46g/kg)减少醋酸致小鼠扭体反应的次数。结论:癃清片具有明显的抗炎镇痛活性,醇提取物的正丁醇部位可能是其一个有效部位。     

槐胺碱镇痛抗炎作用及其机制研究

目的:研究槐胺碱(sophoramine,SA)的镇痛作用部位及机制。方法:采用小鼠醋酸扭体法、甩尾法和热板法及进一步观察CaCl_2和维拉帕米对槐胺碱镇痛作用的影响,观察用药后扭体反应数、甩尾潜伏期以及舔后足潜伏期的变化。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型观察槐胺碱抗炎作用效果。结果:槐胺碱中高剂量组(30 mg/kg、60 mg/kg)均能显著减少小鼠冰醋酸致扭体次数,(P<0.01);槐胺碱中高剂量组(30 mg/kg、60 mg/kg)在0.5 h和1 h时小鼠甩尾的痛阈与其基础痛阈相比,有显著性差异(P<0.01);2 h痛阈与其基础痛阈相比,存在差异(P<0.05);热板实验,槐胺碱中高剂量组(30 mg/kg、60 mg/kg)15 min和30 min时均能显著提高小鼠舔后足潜伏期(P<0.05,P<0.01),最大的痛阈值出现在给药后45 min,与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。槐胺碱中高剂量组(30 mg/kg、60 mg/kg)对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀都有明显抑制作用(P<0.01)。槐胺碱延长小鼠热板反应舔后足潜伏期的作用可被CaCl_2拮抗,而被维拉帕米增强。结论:槐胺碱具有镇痛抗炎作用,其镇痛作用机制可能与Ca~(2+)有关。     

尼古丁对小鼠镇痛作用的研究

目的探讨尼古丁的镇痛作用。方法采用小鼠热板法、小鼠醋酸扭体法和小鼠热水甩尾法,观察腹腔注射0.25,0.5,1和2.5 mg/kg四种剂量的尼古丁对疼痛的影响。结果 2.5 mg/kg剂量的尼古丁可使热板所致小鼠舔足反应潜伏期延长,与给药前相比,潜伏期提高率为99.5%;1 mg/kg剂量的尼古丁可使醋酸所致小鼠扭体潜伏期延长,扭体次数减少,扭体次数的抑制率为53.0%;1 mg/kg剂量的尼古丁可使热水所致小鼠甩尾潜伏期延长,与给药前相比,潜伏期提高率为44.73%。结论尼古丁具有镇痛作用,且其镇痛作用与剂量相关。     

栀子总苷的抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的研究栀子总苷(TGCJ)的抗炎镇痛作用。方法采用角叉菜致大鼠足肿胀模型、醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加模型、棉球致肉芽组织增生模型,观察TGCJ的抗炎作用;采用热板法测定小鼠的痛阈、醋酸诱发的小鼠扭体反应,观察TGCJ的镇痛作用。结果TGCJ的80、40mg/kg2个剂量组ig给药,对角叉菜致大鼠足肿胀、棉球致肉芽组织增生均有明显抑制作用,TGCJ的160、80、40mg/kg3个剂量组ig给药,对醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加有抑制作用,且抑制作用呈剂量相关趋势;TGCJ的160、80、40mg/kg3个剂量组ig给药,可以明显升高小鼠的痛阈,对醋酸诱发的小鼠扭体反应有一定抑制作用。结论TGCJ有明显的抗炎和一定的镇痛作用,确定TGCJ为栀子抗炎镇痛的有效部位。     

路路通酸的抗炎镇痛作用

目的:研究路路通中路路通酸抗炎镇痛的药理作用.方法:分别观察了路路通酸对角叉菜胶诱发小鼠足肿胀、小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性亢进、内毒素血症小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化及冰醋酸致小鼠扭体反应的影响.结果:路路通酸10,20mg/kg能明显对抗角叉菜胶引起的小鼠足肿胀,10mg/kg能明显对抗醋酸(H )所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性亢进并降低小鼠的扭体次数.结论:路路通酸显示出一定的抗炎镇痛功效.     

威灵仙总皂苷抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的:观察威灵仙总皂苷的抗炎、镇痛作用.方法:用醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高、二甲苯诱导小鼠耳肿胀、鸡蛋清诱导大鼠足肿胀、大鼠棉球肉芽肿等实验模型观察抗炎作用;用小鼠热板法和扭体法试验观察镇痛作用.结果:威灵仙总皂苷38、75、150mg/kg能明显延长小鼠热板痛阈时间,减少醋酸致小鼠扭体次数,减轻二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀程度,威灵仙总皂苷25、50、100mg/kg对大鼠鸡蛋清诱导的足肿胀及棉球诱导的大鼠肉芽肿均有显著的抑制作用.结论:威灵仙总皂苷具有显著抗炎、镇痛作用.     

红树植物桐花树叶抗炎镇痛活性部位研究

目的:筛选与确证桐花树叶抗炎镇痛作用的有效部位。方法:萃取法获得桐花树叶75%乙醇提取物的石油醚部位、二氯甲烷部位、乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位、水部位(醇沉)等5个部位,经醋酸致小鼠扭体试验筛选出抗炎镇痛作用较强的乙酸乙酯部位,进一步通过醋酸致小鼠扭体试验、小鼠热板试验、角叉菜胶致足肿胀试验、二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀试验等全面评价桐花树叶乙酸乙酯部位的抗炎镇痛作用;分光光度法测定角叉菜致足肿胀小鼠肝匀浆的T-SOD活性与MDA含量。结果:桐花树叶乙酸乙酯部位高剂量(200 mg/kg)灌胃给药后可显著减少醋酸致小鼠扭体次数、增大热板小鼠痛阈值、抑制角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀度与二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀度(P0.01);不同剂量(100、150、200 mg/kg)的桐花树叶醇提物乙酸乙酯部位灌胃给药3 d后,可使角叉菜致足肿胀小鼠肝脏T-SOD活性显著升高、MDA含量显著降低(P0.01)。结论:桐花树叶醇提物乙酸乙酯部位具有显著的抗炎镇痛作用,抗氧化可能是其抗炎作用机制之一。     

瓦松镇痛作用研究

目的 研究瓦松的镇痛作用.方法 小鼠灌胃给药7d,分别采用热板法和热水浴法观察其中枢镇痛作用,采用醋酸扭体法和福尔马林致痛法观察其外周镇痛效果.结果 瓦松12.32 g·kg -1可提高热板所致小鼠舔足反应的痛阈值,瓦松3.08,6.16,12.32 g·kg -1可延长热浴缩尾潜伏期,瓦松6.16,12.32 g·kg-1可延长醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应潜伏期、减少扭体次数,瓦松3.08,6.16,12.32 g· kg-1可减轻福尔马林所致的小鼠足底疼痛反应,并呈量效关系.结论 瓦松具有较强的镇痛作用.     

松潘乌头总碱的镇痛作用

目的:研究松潘乌头总碱(TAS)的镇痛作用机制。方法:采用小鼠热板法和大鼠甩尾法测定动物的痛阈,同时检测乙酸致痛小鼠脑组织NO、MDA含量及SOD活性。结果:icv TAS0.025mg/kg能明显提高小鼠、大鼠的痛阈;TAS能使乙酸致痛小鼠脑组织NO、MDA含量明显降低,SOD活性明显增强;CaCl2能拮抗TAS的镇痛作用,Ver则使之增强。结论:TAS的镇痛作用部位可能在中枢神经系统,其作用机制可能与影响Ca2 内流和减少NO、MDA含量,提高SOD活性有关。     

氧化槐定碱镇痛作用及其机制研究

目的 研究氧化槐定碱(OSR)的镇痛作用及维拉帕米(ver)对OSR镇痛作用的影响.方法 采用小鼠醋酸扭体法,观察OSR的镇痛作用;采用热板法观察CaCl2和Ver对OSR镇痛作用的影响;采用硝酸还原酶法测定血清NO水平.结果 OSR呈剂量依赖性抑制醋酸导致的小鼠扭体反应,延长小鼠舔后足潜伏期;其镇痛作用可被CaCl2拮抗,被Ver增强;OSR镇痛作用同时未见其对小鼠血清NO水平产生明显的影响.结论 OSR有明显镇痛作用,Ver能增强OSR镇痛作用.     

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract from Glycine tomentella root in mice

In the present study, we have investigated the analgesic effect of the aqueous extract of the root of Glycine tomentella (AGT) using models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test, the anti-inflammatory effect of AGT using model of lambda-carrageenan-induced paw edema. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of AGT, we have detected the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRx) in the liver and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO in the edema paw. In the analgesic test, AGT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time on the late phase in the formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, AGT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the paw edema at the third, fourth, fifth and sixth hour after lambda-carrageenan administration, and increased the activities of SOD, GPx and GRx in the liver tissue and decreased the MDA level in the edema paw at the third hour after lambda-carrageenan injection. However, AGT could not affect the NO level which induced by lambda-carrageenan. These results suggested that AGT possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of AGT might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA in the edema paw via increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRx in the liver.     

维生素E镇痛作用及机制的研究

 目的：研究维生素E(Vit E)的镇痛作用及机制。方法：在小鼠热板和扭体反应模型上，观察用药后舔足潜伏期和扭体数改变，丙二醛(MDA)用巴比妥酸法测定，一氧化氮含量用Green法测定。结果：100，200mg·kg^-1VitEim可显著延长小鼠舔足潜伏期和减少小鼠扭体数，并且100mg·kg^-1VitE的镇痛作用可被EGTA加强，CaCl₂所拮抗，但维拉帕米可部分逆转CaCl₂对VitE镇痛的拮抗；VitE产生镇痛时，也可显著抑制小鼠脑组织中MDA和NO含量增高，并可被EGTA增强，CaCl₂所减弱。结论：上述结果表明Vit E有显著的镇痛作用，其作用与减少脑内NO和MDA生成有关，并被Ca²⁺所影响。     

鸡枞菌粉提取物镇痛抗炎作用的研究

目的:研究鸡枞菌粉提取物的镇痛抗炎作用。方法:采用醋酸扭体实验,甲醛致痛模型,二甲苯致耳肿胀模型及角叉菜胶致足肿胀模型观察鸡枞菌粉及其提取物镇痛抗炎作用。同时对小鼠炎症渗出液中PGE2,SOD,MDA,NO和NOS进行测定。结果:鸡枞菌粉提取物均能降低小鼠醋酸引起的扭体次数,减少甲醛致痛实验中小鼠舔足时间;抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀及角叉菜胶引起的小鼠足肿胀。对炎症介质也有较好的抑制作用。结论:鸡枞菌粉提取物具有明显镇痛抗炎作用。     

黄蜀葵花总黄酮镇痛作用研究

目的：研究黄蜀葵花总黄酮（Total Flavone of Abelmoschl manihot L medic TFA)的镇痛作用及有无成瘾性。方法：采用冰醋酸致小鼠扭体模型（AA）、福尔马林模型（For)及KCl诱痛模型来观察TFA的镇痛作用；采用连续给药方式观其作用有无成瘾性。结果：TFA（ig或ip）可不同程度地抑制小鼠扭体反应；TFA（140、280mg/kg，ig)可使福尔马林致小鼠疼痛的Ⅰ、Ⅱ相反应明显减轻，TFA（ip1)对同侧ip1福尔马林导致的疼痛可产产生同样抑制作用，但对侧ip1福尔马林致小鼠疼痛无明显影响，动脉注射TFA200mg/kg可明显减轻KCl诱发的家兔疼痛反应，连续用药可使TFA在小鼠跳跃实验中，阳性率为0。结论：以上研究结果表明TFA具有一定的镇痛作用且局部给药有效，连续用药无成瘾性。     

Evaluation of Antinociceptive Activity of Methanol Extract from Cleome rutidosperma in Mice

Objective Cleome rutidosperma (Capparidaceae), commonly known as “Fringed Spider Flower”, is a medicinal plant found in Southeast Asia. C. rutidosperma is used in folk medicine for diuretic, laxative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, and anthelmintic activities. We have evaluated the anti-nociceptive properties of methanol extract from C. rutidosperma (MECR) in vivo. Methods Thermal method (hot plate test and tail flick test) was induced to judge the anti-inflammatory effect and couple of chemical method also used (formalin induced licking test; writhing test carried by acetic acid) to evaluate analgesic effect. Both of these tests were made over animal models, like mice and rats. Two different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) were used for each case of test, while morphine sulphate (5mg/kg, ip) was used as reference drug. Results MECR demonstrated the significantly anti-nociceptive activity in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory tests by reducing nociception in mice models (P < 0.001). In the hot-plate and tail-flick tests, MECR significantly elongated the time to response to the thermal stimuli (100 and 200 mg/kg with P < 0.05, 0.001). The remarkable increase in the latency was observed at 90 and 120 min. In acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin induced licking test for anti-inflammatory activity, MECR at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses exhibited significant (P < 0.001) reduction of writhing and licking response. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of C. rutidosperma propose that this effect may be a result of both peripheral and central mechanisms. Further study is required to ensure the proper mechanism of action as well as the active ingredient.     

腹腔注射复方银杏叶液对小鼠的镇痛作用

目的 :研究复方银杏叶液 (CGS)的镇痛作用。方法 :在小鼠扭体和热板反应模型上观察其用药后扭体数和舔足潜伏期的变化 ,在小鼠温浴法模型上观察甩尾潜伏期的变化 ,并在小鼠耳片肿胀模型上观察小鼠耳片肿胀度。结果 :复方银杏叶液 (CGS) 2 5、5 0、10 0 mg· kg- lip分别显著减少小鼠扭体数 ,显著延长小鼠舔足潜伏期及小鼠温水浴甩尾潜伏期 ,并呈一定的剂量依赖性关系 ,复方银杏叶液 (CGS) 2 5、5 0、10 0 m g·kg- 1 ip显著抑制二甲苯诱导耳片水肿形成。结论 :复方银杏叶液 (CGS)有明显的镇痛作用     

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the dry matter of culture broth of Termitomyces albuminosus and its extracts

Aim of the study

The objectives of this study were to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the dry matter of culture broth (DMCB) of Termitomyces albuminosus in submerged culture and its crude saponin extract (CSE) and crude polysaccharide extract (CPE).

Materials and methods

The analgesic effects of DMCB, CSE and CPE were evaluated with models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test in mouse. The anti-inflammatory effects of DMCB, CSE and CPE were evaluated by using models of xylene-induced mouse ear swelling and carrageen-induced mouse paw edema.

Results

The DMCB, CSE and CPE significantly decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time on the late phase in the formalin test. Treatment of DMCB (1000 mg/kg), CSE (200 mg/kg) or CPE (200 mg/kg) inhibited the mouse ear swelling by 61.8%, 79.0% and 81.6%, respectively. In the carrageen-induced mouse paw edema test, the group treated with indomethacin showed the strongest inhibition of edema formation by 77.8% in the third hour after carrageenan administration, while DMCB (1000 mg/kg), CSE (200 mg/kg) and CPE (200 mg/kg) showed 48.4%, 55.6% and 40.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

The results suggested that DMCB of Termitomyces albuminosus possessed the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Saponins and polysaccharides were proposed to be the major active constituents of Termitomyces albuminosus in submerged culture.     

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Leaves extract

AIM OF THE STUDY: The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Leaves were observed in various experimental models related to nociception and inflammation, so as to provide some evidence for its traditional use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acetic acid-induced writhing and a hot plate test in mice were used to evaluate its analgesic activity. On the other hand, its anti-inflammatory activity was observed in xylene or carrageenan-induced edema, carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na)-induced leukocyte migration in mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) release from mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. RESULTS: The ethanol extract significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing after single oral administration at doses of 424 and 848 mg extract/kg, and the response to the thermal stimulus in mice at the dose of 848 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the ethanol extract also remarkably lessened xylene-induced ear swelling, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and CMC-Na-induced leukocyte migration. Furthermore, the extract considerably reduced NO release from LPS-stimulated macrophages with IC50 of 80.4 mg/ml. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Leaves extract present notable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, which support its folkloric use for some diseases related with painful and inflammatory conditions such as trauma etc.