可脱性球囊血管内栓塞治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的探讨外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)的诊断及血管内治疗。方法对11例经脑血管造影数字减影(DSA)确诊和治疗的外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果10例闭塞瘘口,1例闭塞颈动脉主干,11例病例症状恢复或明显改善。结论随着神经介入栓塞技术和材料的迅速发展,血管内介入栓塞治疗具有方法简单、操作方便、并发症少、病死率低,保持颈内动脉通畅率高的优点,已成为TCCF的治疗首选。     

颈内动脉海绵窦瘘病人行可脱性球囊栓塞术的护理

对42例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘病人行可脱性球囊血管内栓塞治疗,结果栓塞成功40例.提出术前进行颈动脉压迫试验为栓塞患侧颈内动脉作准备,做好眼部护理、出血情况的观察及皮肤准备,术后积极预防并发症,可提高其栓塞成功率.     

支架辅助介入栓塞治疗外伤性血泡样动脉瘤合并迟发颈内动脉海绵窦瘘1例

正患者女,21岁,以"头面部撞伤、意识不清2 h"入院。查体:血压90/55 mmHg,浅昏迷,颌面部重度瘀肿,双侧瞳孔等大、直径3 mm,对光反射灵敏。头部CT:蛛网膜下腔出血(Fisher 3级),左上下颌骨骨折。DSA:左侧颈内动脉(internal carotid artery, ICA)床突见3.5 mm×2.5 mm瘤样突起,无瘤颈;诊断:血泡样动脉瘤(blood blister like aneurysm, BBA)     

不可脱球囊辅助瘤颈成型栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的探讨不可脱球囊辅助瘤颈成型技术在颅内动脉瘤栓塞治疗中的意义。方法应用该技术栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤12例,其中前循环动脉瘤9例,后循环动脉瘤3例。宽颈型10例,非宽颈型2例。结果本组完全栓塞10例,90%以上栓塞1例,90%以下栓塞1例。术中动脉瘤破裂1例,血栓形成1例,脑血管痉挛4例。1年后复查,90%以下栓塞的1例宽颈型颅内动脉瘤患者复发。平均随访18个月,除1例Ⅳ级患者轻度智力减退,语言欠流畅外,其余患者均无神经损害症状。结论球囊辅助瘤颈成型技术能明显提高动脉瘤栓塞的致密程度,降低复发率,提高栓塞治疗的安全性和治疗效果。     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘介入栓塞治疗病人的护理

对16例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的病人采用经皮股动脉插管行血管内栓塞治疗。结果15例栓塞治疗一次成功,1例因瘘口大而栓塞失败,改为外科手术治疗。术后并发颅内出血1例,经手术止血后痊愈。提出加强栓塞治疗术前、术后的病情观察及护理,是保证栓塞治疗疗效,降低并发症的基础。     

可脱性微球囊栓塞治疗外伤性颈总动脉假性动脉瘤伴动静脉瘘1例报告

外伤性颈总动脉假性动脉瘤伴动静脉瘘十分罕见。常因病程较长，瘘口周围组织粘连，难以分离解剖两端的动、静脉，手术易出血，使治疗较为棘手。本院1997年应用可脱性微球囊栓塞治疗1例此种病患者，取得良好效果。     

外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗

目的 比较不同方法治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床效果。方法 治疗中应用球囊导管,复杂的5例使用了胶及弹簧圈等栓塞材料。结果 10例成功闭塞瘘口且保留载瘤动脉通畅,2例闭塞载瘤动脉．结论 外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘应首选血管内栓塞治疗。有时瘘口太小,弹簧圈也是有效方法。     

支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞在急诊栓塞颅内宽颈微小动脉瘤破裂中的应用

目的探讨支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞在治疗急诊治疗颅内破裂宽颈微小动脉瘤(最大径≤3mm)中的操作技巧及临床疗效。方法回顾急诊支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的7例颅内破裂宽颈微小动脉瘤患者资料,分析治疗方法、疗效、并发症、预后及6~12个月随访结果,评价支架技术的安全性、有效性及操作技巧。结果术后即刻造影显示,完全栓塞5例,次全栓塞1例,单纯植入支架1例;未发生破裂出血及血栓栓塞事件。术后3个月改良式格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)结果显示,6例恢复正常,1例恢复良好。6~12个月随访未发现动脉瘤再破裂出血。结论支架辅助弹簧圈急诊栓塞治疗颅内破裂宽颈微小动脉瘤安全有效。     

外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘球囊栓塞治疗

目的:探讨治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的治疗方法。方法:对一组外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的病人采用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗。结果:该组6例病人均获治愈。疗效满意。结论:可脱性球囊栓塞是治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的首选方法。     

电解可脱式微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨电解可脱式微弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法。方法 采用美国波士顿公司GDC栓塞治疗17例患者中18个颅内动脉瘤，其中15例蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)发病者，术前Hunt和Hess分级：Ⅰ-Ⅱ级10例；Ⅲ级3例；Ⅳ级2例。结果1例死亡，3例轻度短期神经功能障碍，13例痊愈。结论 GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤较为理想，但还需随访观察。     

Multimodal endovascular treatment for traumatic carotid- cavernous fistula

bjective：To present our experience in treating traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula （TCCF） by multimodal endovascular treatment.Methods：The management of 28 patients with TCCF between January 2004 and October 2012 in our hospital was retrospectively analyzed.According to imaging charateristics,24 cases were categorized into Type Ⅰ,3 Type Ⅱ and 1 Type Ⅲ.Totally 30 endovascular treatments were performed：Type Ⅰ TCCFs were obliterated via transvenous approach （7/25）,or transarterial approach （18/25） including 6 by detachable balloon occlusion,6 by microcoil embolization,3 by Hyperglide balloon-assisted coil embolization and 3 by a combination of detachable balloon and coil embolization.Two patients were treated with closure of internal carotid artery （ICA）.Type Ⅱ TCCFs were treated with transvenous embolotherapy （2/3） or carotid artery compression therapy （1/3）.The Type Ⅲ patient underwent detachable balloon embolization.Results：Immediate postoperative angiography showed recovery in 26 cases.One recurrent TCCF was found 2 weeks after detachable balloon embolization,and then reobliterated by transarterial coils.Reexamination found balloon deflation and fistula recanalization in 1 patient one month after combination of detachable balloons and coil embolization,which was cured by a second treatment via transvenous approach.The immediate angiography revealed residual blood flow in 4 patients.Among them,2 patients with delayed symptoms at follow-up needed a second treatment,1 patient recovered after carotid artery compression therapy,and the remaining patient＇s symptoms disappeared on digital subtraction angiography at five-month follow-up.CT angiography revealed anterior communicating artery aneurysm in the patient who was treated with closure ofICA 4 years later.Conclusion：According to results of images,characteristics of the fistula and type of drainage,proper treatment approach and embolic material can maximally heal pathological changes,retain the ipsilateral ICA patency and reduce long-term complications.     

Prognostic analysis and complications of traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas after treatment with detachable balloon and／or coil embolization

Objective : To explore the causes of the formation of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas and the therapeutic effect of detachable balloon and/or coil embolization and the prevention of its complications. Methods: From October, 1992 to March, 2002, 17 patients with traumatic carotid-cavernons fistulas were treated with detachable balloon and/or coil embolization in our hospital. The clinical data and imaging features of CT, MR and selective angiogram of these patients were analyzed. Results : One week after treatment with embolization, the clinical symptoms of the 17 patients were remitted, and optic cacophony, nystagmns, exophthalmos and dropsy of conjunctiva disappeared. Two patients manifested surgical complications, one patient died. Sixteen patients survived. They were all followed up for more than 2 years, which showed one patient had handicap in movement, and in one patient the signs and symptoms of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas reoccurred 2 months after treatment. Conclusions: The detachable balloon and/or coil embolization is safe and reliable. It is a good method to treat traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas.     

Retrospective study on the endovascular embolization for traumatic carotid cavernous fistula

Objective： To retrospectively analyze 95 cases of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula treated by endovascular embolization. Methods： From January 1994 to December 2008, 95 patients with traumatic carotid cavernous fistula were treated in our hospital. All patients received selective cerebral angiography through femoral artery catheterization. Accordingly, 89 cases were treated by detachable balloon embolization, 5 by platinum microcoils and 1 by coveredstem, respectively. Results： In the study, 61 cases achieved successful balloon embolization at the first time. Fifty-six cases had multiple balloons due to the big fistula. Nine cases received balloon embolization twice. But among the 5 patients treated with platinum microcoils, one developed slight brainstem ischemia. After operation the patient had herniparesis and swallow difficulty, but gradually recovered 3 months later. No neurological deficits were observed in other cases. All the cases recovered. Eighty-five cases were followed up for 1-15 years and no recurrence was found. Conclusions： The endovascular embolization for traumatic carotid cavernous fistula is minimally invasive, safe, effective and reliable. The detachable balloon embolization is the first choice in the treatment of TCCF.     

支架植入术联合弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤

目的探讨应用新型颅内支架植入联合弹簧圈栓塞术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的疗效。方法对26例30个颅内复杂动脉瘤行支架植入术弹簧圈栓塞术,术后6～24个月进行随访。结果术后即刻疗效：24个复杂动脉瘤完全栓塞,4个次全栓塞（栓塞95%以上）,2个不完全栓塞;所有支架位置满意,载瘤动脉通畅。随访2例动脉瘤复发,未见支架移位、塌陷、狭窄,载瘤动脉通畅、光滑。结论颅内支架植入联合弹簧圈栓塞术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤安全有效;应根据动脉瘤的具体情况来选择具体技术。     

GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的监测和护理

目的 探讨GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的监测护理经验。方法 回顾性分析和总结18例GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的监测护理及治疗经过。结果 经过正确的治疗和监测护理，本组病例全部获得了痊愈。结论 术前周密的准备和心理辅导与宣教、术中准确的配合、术后严密的监测与护理是GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤成功的重要保障。     

示踪减影透视在颅内动脉瘤介入治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨示踪减影透视(TSF)在颅内动脉瘤介入治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 11例接受介入栓塞治疗的颅内动脉瘤患者,术前均接受双源CT血管成像(DSCTA)及全脑数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,确定动脉瘤的大小、形态、位置,并测量瘤颈及瘤体的直径;术中应用TSF技术。结果 11例患者(共11个动脉瘤)介入栓塞均获得成功,共植入电解可脱弹簧圈39枚,包括1枚3-D标准成篮填充弹簧圈,3枚3-D软成篮填充弹簧圈及35枚柔软型填充弹簧圈。结论对接受颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗的患者,术中应用TSF可提高治疗效果。     

外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘合并迟发性鼻腔大出血的栓塞治疗

颅底骨折后迟发性、顽固性鼻腔大出血,可由蝶窦部位的假性动脉瘤或颈内动脉海绵窦瘘（carotid cavernous fistula,CCF）引起,但文献报道较少。笔者曾收治1例颅面外伤后1个月出现顽固性鼻出血患者,经2次颌内动脉栓塞,鼻出血仍反复,后经栓塞CCF,鼻出血彻底停止,现报道如下。     

支架或球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术对颈内动脉宽颈后交通动脉瘤的疗效

目的评估支架或球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术对颈内动脉宽颈后交通动脉瘤的治疗效果和安全性。方法回顾性分析接受支架或球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞的47例颈内动脉宽颈后交通动脉瘤患者,其中31例采用支架辅助治疗,16例采用球囊辅助治疗。治疗后随访6~36个月,分析患者的术后造影、并发症及临床情况。结果 47例中,采用支架或球囊两种辅助治疗方法相关并发症发生率分别为9.68%(3/31)和6.25%(1/16);手术后即刻造影显示完全栓塞率分别为58.06%(18/31)和68.75%(11/16)。31例支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞病例中随访造影18例,均无动脉瘤复发;16例球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞病例中随访造影10例,其中3例复发。结论支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术和球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术是颈内动脉宽颈后交通动脉瘤安全有效的治疗方法。支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术能够显著降低颈内动脉宽颈后交通动脉瘤的复发率,但有增加缺血事件的风险。球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术的手术操作相关并发症低,术后完全栓塞率高,但复发率也相对较高。     

颅内分叉部动脉瘤复发后行支架辅助栓塞再治疗的临床效果

目的探讨初次行单纯弹簧圈栓塞或开颅夹闭术治疗后复发的颅内分叉部动脉瘤患者行支架辅助栓塞再治疗的可行性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2019年11月复旦大学附属华山医院放射科介入组收治的初次行单纯弹簧圈栓塞或开颅夹闭术治疗后复发并接受支架辅助栓塞再治疗的20例颅内分叉部动脉瘤患者的临床资料。男性9例,女性11例,中位年龄55.5岁(范围:33~71岁);首次治疗行单纯弹簧圈栓塞17例、开颅夹闭术3例;复发后15例行单支架辅助栓塞治疗,5例行Y形双支架辅助栓塞治疗。收集患者围手术期情况、术后并发症及预后情况。采用Mann-Whitney U检验对患者初次及再次治疗后的随访时间进行比较;采用t检验对再次治疗前、术后即刻及末次随访时近端载瘤动脉主干与支架侧分支的夹角大小进行比较。结果20例患者中,18例(90.0%)患者术后即刻脑血管造影示致密栓塞(RaymondⅠ型),2例(10.0%)示瘤颈少许残余(RaymondⅡ型),术后随访[M(QR)]8.5(16.3)个月,与初次治疗后随访时间的15.5(27.0)个月相比,差异无统计学意义(U=157.7,P=0.25)。随访期间2例患者复发,均为术后即刻瘤颈少许残余病例,其中1例为Y形双支架辅助栓塞病例。围手术期发生症状性缺血6例,其中4例为Y形双支架辅助栓塞病例;未发生围手术期出血等并发症,无手术相关的永久性致残及死亡病例。术后即刻和末次随访时载瘤动脉主干与支架所在分支成角分别为(115.4±28.9)°和(132.6±26.8)°,均较术前的(90.1±21.1)°明显增大(t=5.14,P<0.01;t=7.78,P<0.01)。结论初次弹簧圈栓塞或开颅夹闭术后复发的颅内分叉动脉瘤患者再次接受支架辅助栓塞是可行的,动脉瘤再复发率较低。