实习前本科护生职业态度调查

[目的]了解实习前本科护生的职业态度及其影响因素,为学校和实习单位情感教育提供依据。[方法]采用护士职业态度量表和自行设计的影响因素问卷对4所护理学院402名即将进入临床实习的本科护生进行调查。[结果]护生总体职业态度评分2．10分-7．36分（5．18分±1．21分）;女护生职业态度评分高于男护生,自愿选择护理专业者职业态度评分高于家人意愿及调剂者,专业课成绩优秀者职业态度评分高于其他层次者,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;多重线性回归分析显示,性别、个人认知、他人态度和学校态度是职业态度的影响因素（F＝55．189,P〈0．01）。[结论]实习前护生职业态度仍待提高,学校和实习医院应加强护生的椿威教育,注舌培兼职业兴趣,稳定职业态度。     

实习护生对血源性传播疾病职业暴露认知的调查与分析

目的了解不同实习阶段、教育程度和不同等级医院护生对血源性疾病职业防护知识的认知状况,为今后有针对性在护生中开展职业防护教育提供依据。方法采用问卷调查的方法,对盐城地区8所二级甲等以上综合医院的344名实习护生进行实习前、初、中、末期职业防护认知现状调查。结果不同实习阶段护生对血源性疾病职业防护知识的掌握情况存在差异;本科实习护生在职业认知与防护方面优于专科、中专实习护生,差异有统计学意义（,分别为6．74、54．37,P〈0．01）;三级医院与二级医院的实习护生职业认知与防护知晓程度差异有统计学意义（t分别为2．46、8．85,P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论学历及实习医院级别越高,实习时间越长,护生职业防护意识越强。但护生职业防护执行力普遍较差,需加强学校和实习医院职业防护教育和培训,加强对护生职业防护执行力的督查。     

高职高专护生职业成熟度现状调查

目的调查高职高专护生职业成熟度现状。方法抽取不同年级328名高职高专护生,并采用护生职业成熟度问卷对其进行调查。结果高职高专护生整体职业成熟度处于中等水平,不同年级护生在职业成熟度问卷7个维度上差异均有统计学意义,不同性别护生在职业认同、职业挫折应对、职业价值3个维度差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论护理教育者应加强护生职业指导工作,重视男护生职业认同、职业价值观的培养及不同年级间护生职业指导工作的管理模式。     

护生实习前后职业危险性认知情况及职业态度调查分析

目的：探讨护生实习前后职业危险性的认知情况及职业态度，分析职业危险性对护生职业态度的影响。方法：采用自行设计的问卷对90名实习护生进行调查，内容包括护生基本情况、实习前后对职业危险性的认知情况、实习前后对护理职业的态度及针对护理职业危险性应增加的教育内容等，共18个问题。结果：实习后护生对护理职业危险性的认知水平明显提高，与实习前比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。护生实习前非常愿意和比较愿意从事护理职业的占75．6％，而实习后非常愿意和比较愿意者明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论：实习结束后，护生从事护理职业态度有较明显转变，应改革并完善护理教育内容，加强护生自我防护能力的教育与培养及正确的职业观。     

护理本科生职业成熟度现状及其影响因素

目的探讨护理本科生职业成熟度现状及其影响因素。方法采用一般情况调查问卷、中国大学生职业成熟度量表和大学生专业承诺量表对某综合性大学护理学院467名护理本科生进行问卷调查。结果护理本科生职业成熟度总均分为（3．12±0．29）分,其中职业参照得分最高（3．74±0．45）分,职业价值得分最低（2．53±0．61）分。不同年级、不同生源地、父亲文化程度不同的护理本科生职业成熟度比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,护理本科生职业成熟度与专业承诺呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论护理本科生的职业成熟度较好,但成熟水平偏低。护理本科生的职业成熟度与年级、生源地、父亲文化程度、参与并组织社团活动的情况及专业承诺等因素有关。     

实习护生职业成熟度与实习影响因素相关性研究

目的探讨实习护生职业成熟度与临床实习影响因素的相关性。方法采用护生职业成熟度量表和自行设计临床实习影响因素测评表,对中医院校165名本科临床实习护生进行护生职业成熟度和临床实习影响因素测评,并运用双变量Spearman进行相关分析。结果实习影响因素与护生职业成熟度有相关性(P≤0.01),且实习过程管理与职业成熟度各因子相关性最显著。结论了解护生职业成熟度与临床实习过程各影响因素之间关系,有助于改进和完善临床实习管理,提高护生的职业成熟度。     

新入职护士职业成熟度现状调查及影响因素研究

目的：通过调查了解新入职护士职业成熟度的现状及其影响因素。方法方便选取武汉大学中南医院新入职的180名新护士为调查对象,采用张智勇等修订的韩国版大学生职业成熟度量表进行调查;通过t检验、方差分析、回归分析等方法分析新入职护士职业成熟度的相关影响因素。结果新入职护士的职业成熟度得分为（3．83±0．35）分,属于中等偏上水平,其职业成熟度在在家庭所在地（t＝28．7,P＝0．000）、专业志愿（F＝7．22,P＝0．001）、学历（F＝14．95,P＝0．000）、是否班干部（t＝1．99, P＝0．048）、是否喜欢本专业（t＝2．49,P＝0．015）、母亲教育程度（F＝2．503,P＝0．044）等方面存在显著性差异。结论在护生的学校教育中,护理教育者应注意不同类型的护生的职业成熟度的培养,针对性地开展和指导工作;同时,护理管理者也应该在护士入职后加强对新护士职业成熟度的培养,促进新护士的职业发展。     

高职护生职业决策自我效能调查与分析

目的调查高职护生职业决策自我效能的现状,从而为其职业辅导提供针对性指导。方法采用一般资料问卷和大学生职业决策自我效能量表对252名高职护生进行问卷调查。结果高职护生职业决策自我效能总分为（121．64±27．00）分;有兼职经历的高职护生得分均高于无兼职经历护生（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;非独生子女高职护生在问题解决维度得分高于独生子女高职护生（P〈0．05）;不同年级高职护生在职业决策自我效能总均分及部分维度得分存在差异（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论高职护生职业决策有一些困难,建议高校开展相关职业辅导及培训,以提高其职业决策自我效能。     

高职护生职业态度及相关影响因素调查分析

[目的]调查高职护生的职业态度现状,找出相关影响因素。[方法]采用自行设计的护生职业态度问卷对850名高职护生进行调查。[结果]护生总体职业态度得分中立偏积极;不同年级护生职业态度得分比较差异有统计学意义（F=27.03,P〈0.01）,不同民族护生职业态度得分比较差异也有统计学意义（F=54.06,P〈0.01）;多元回归分析显示,民族、年级、录取方式、学习成绩是影响职业态度的主要因素。[结论]应加强护生职业态度教育,培养护生的职业兴趣,满足护生的情感需求。     

本科实习护生职业成熟度与职业生命质量相关性研究

目的了解本科实习护生职业成熟度与职业生命质量现状及二者的相关性,并分析其影响因素,为本科实习护生职业生涯指导及入职教育提供参考。方法采用中国大学生职业成熟度量表及职业生命质量量表对某院校护理本科专业248名临床实习学生进行调查。结果本科实习护生职业成熟度与职业生命质量评分分别为(3.20±0.26)分、(3.17±0.53)分,二者呈显著正相关(P0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,性别、自愿选择护理专业、学生干部经历、与护理相关的社会实践经历、职业辅导以及职业生命质量的工作控制维度等因素对职业成熟度有影响(P0.01或P0.05)。结论本科实习护生职业成熟度及职业生命质量均处于中等水平,二者呈正相关,应进行针对性的职业教育以提高其职成熟度及职业生命质量。     

护理本科生专业价值观的现状及影响因素研究

目的研究护理本科生的专业价值观现状并分析其影响因素,为制定提高护理本科生专业价值观水平的教育策略提供依据。方法2008年12月-2009年4月,我们采用Weis设计的“护理专业价值观评价量表”对308名护理本科生的专业价值观水平进行评价,并分析其影响因素。结果护理本科生的专业价值观呈中等水平,其专业价值观水平在有无临床实习经历间、护生入学时对选择护理专业持有不同态度间,护生毕业时对选择从事护理专业持有不同态度间及其父母对子女从事护理专业持有的不同态度之间差异均有统计学意义（P≤0．05）。经回归分析提示,护生对选择和从事护理专业所持的态度是影响其专业价值观水平的主要因素。结论学校的培养模式、护理本科生自身的因素及家庭因素均会影响护理本科生专业价值观的形成和发展。因此,高等护理教育应加强学生专业价值观的培养,有助于未来护理专业的发展。     

高职护生社区护理职业情感和就业意向的调查

目的 了解高职毕业护生社区护理的职业情感和就业意向状况,为高职护生的培养提供参考.方法 采用自制问卷对109名高职毕业护生进行问卷调查.结果 高职护生多数感到就业压力大,仅30.3%表示愿意选择社区护理岗位,其影响因素有个人发展前景不好、社区护士待遇低、人们对社区护理的认识不够等;护生对社区护理的职业情感负性情绪较多,70.6%的护生认为学校的社区护理教育不能够满足社区护理工作的需要.结论 学校应加强培养高职护生正确的职业认知,开展适当的职业指导,加强社区护理实习教学环境的建设,重视护生人文沟通能力的培养.     

An online 5-week professional identity program for nursing student in clinical rotation practice during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic: A two-arm randomized trial

AimDevelopment and evaluation of the effectiveness of an online 5-week professional identity program among nursing students in clinical internship practice during the COVID-19 restrictions.BackgroundNurse professional identity is a strong predictor of career commitment. Clinical internship practice is a key stage when nursing students build and rebuild their professional identity. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 restrictions has strongly influenced the professional identity of nursing students as well as nursing education. A well-designed online professional identity program may contribute to nursing students who are in clinical internship practice developing positive professional identity during the COVID-19 restrictions.DesignThe study was a two-armed, randomised, controlled trial conducted and reported based on Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 guidelines.MethodsA total of 111 nursing students undergoing clinical internship were randomised into an intervention group and a control group. The five-weekly session intervention was developed based on social identity theory and career self-efficacy theory. The primary outcomes were professional identity and professional self-efficacy and the second outcome was stress. Qualitative feedback was analysed by thematic analysis. Outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention and analysed using an intention-to-treat principle.ResultsThe generalised linear model showed that group-by-time effects were significant for the total score of professional identity and three factors of professional self-image, social comparison and self-reflection and independence of career choice, with small effect sizes (Cohen’s d from 0.38 to 0.48). Only one factor of the capacity of information collection and planning in professional self-efficacy was significant (Wald χ² =0.4.82, P < 0.01) with a medium effect size (Cohen d=0.73). The group effect, time effect and group-by-time effect of stress were not significant. Three themes were: ‘Gaining in professional identity, self-recognition and peer belonging’; ‘Content, self-motivation and intervenor as participation facilitators’; and ‘Combining offline and courses, setting group rules and building mutual trust as recommendations’.ConclusionsThe online 5-week professional identity program effectively promoted the development of professional identity and the capacity for information collection and career planning but did not significantly relieve pressure during the internship.     

The nurses' self-concept instrument (NSCI): a comparison of domestic and international student nurses' professional self-concepts from a large Australian University

Professional self-concept is a critical driver of job satisfaction. In Australia, as international nursing enrolments rise, nursing is increasingly characterised by a professional body of international nurses who may differ from domestic Australian nurses in their nursing self-concept. At present, little is known about the extent to which domestic and international students nurses' self-concepts may differ. The present study aimed to elucidate and contrast domestic and international nursing students' self-concepts from one large Australian university. A total of 253 domestic (n=218) and international (n=35) undergraduate nursing students from a large public university in Sydney, Australia completed the Nurses' Self-Concept Instrument (NSCI). Multiple-Indicator-Multiple-Indicator-Cause (MIMIC) modelling was used to assess the effects of student group (domestic and international) on the latent self-concept factors of the NSCI. Domestic and international students' professional self-concepts were similarly high. MIMIC modelling demonstrated that domestic students had a higher patient care self-concept in comparison to international students. Results imply that it may be useful for Australian universities to foster strategies that enhance specific domains of self-concepts (e.g., care) which may be underdeveloped for at least some cultural groups within the international nursing student population compared with domestic nursing students.     

中医本科护生专业价值观的调查及影响因素分析

目的了解中医本科护生专业价值观现状并分析其影响因素,为高等护理教育机构培养护生专业价值观提供参考。方法采用护理专业价值观量表（NPVS—R）对223名中医本科护生进行现场调查。结果中医本科护生专业价值观总均分为（83．90±13．93）;4个维度中信任维度得分指标最高（69．5％）,行动主义得分指标最低（61．6％）;根据每个条目的得分排序,排在前5位的条目是：维护患者的隐私权、保持患者对医护人员的信任、为自己的护理实践行为承担责任和义务、拒绝参与违背自己专业价值观伦理要求的护理工作、维护患者的道德尊严和法定权利。不同年级护理专业价值观总均分无明显差别,但在照顾提供维度,二年级护生得分高于三年级护生,差别有统计学意义（P=0．014）;学习成绩自我评价不同的护生护理专业价值观认同度有明显不同,差别有统计学意义（F=2．452,P=0．035）。LSD两两分析结果显示：自我评价成绩好的护生专业价值观总均分低于自我评价成绩较好（P=0．008）或一般（P=0．006）的护生,且4个维度得分均低于自我评价成绩较好或一般的护生。结论中医本科护生专业价值观总体水平有待进一步提高,特别是“行动主义”维度认同度较低。与在职护士相比,护生更加注重维护病人的尊严和权利,而对于不断更新知识与技能的认知度不高。护理教育者应该更加关注成绩相对较好以及高年级特别是进入临床实习期护生专业价值观的培养与巩固。     

Nursing homes as learning environments: the impact of professional dialogue

Nursing students' clinical experiences are important with respect to their impact on attitudes towards care for older people and preferences for future workplaces. The purpose of this paper is to explore how professional dialogue has an impact on nursing students' clinical learning and professional development in nursing homes. A qualitative design based on field work, field notes and qualitative research interviews was employed with 12 third year nursing students undergoing clinical practise in three nursing homes in Norway. The nursing students who participated in this study displayed positive attitudes towards older people. However, their experiences and perceptions of the learning environment in the nursing homes, varied. The nursing students expressed that a positive learning environment included participation in nursing care and professional dialogue to support their learning process and outcomes. Their primary wish was to develop their knowledge about care for older people through participation and dialogue as critical and reflective processes in a community of practise.     

Development of the professional competence and professional self-concept of undergraduate nursing students during the clinical practice period: A cross-lagged panel analysis

AimTo explore the relationship of the development of professional competence and professional self-concept of undergraduate nursing students during the clinical practice period.BackgroundClinical practice is one of the most important aspects of nursing education. Nursing students combine theoretical knowledge, psychomotor skills and emotions in a professional socialization process through clinical practice sessions.DesignA two-time point longitudinal design was performed. A cross-lagged model was employed to analyze the relationship between the development of professional competence and professional self-concept of undergraduate nursing students during their clinical practice period.MethodsA total of 210 undergraduate nursing students were included in this study. The questionnaire was distributed two months and six months after their clinical practice started. Professional Self Concept of Nurses Instrument and Professional Competence Scale for Undergraduate Nursing Students were the two main instruments.ResultsBoth the professional competence and professional self-concept of Undergraduate nursing students increase at the end of the sixth month compared with the end of the second month after their clinical practice started. The results of the cross-lagged analysis showed that the professional self-concept was partially responsible for the development of professional competence. The effect of professional competence on the development of professional self-concept, in contrast, was not found in this study.ConclusionsClinical nursing educators should pay greater attention to the development of the professional self-concept of undergraduate nursing students. More attention should be paid to creating a supportive clinical learning environment to facilitate the improvement of undergraduate nursing students’ professional self-concept and professional competence.     

临床实习带教过程对男护生职业角色认同感的影响

目的：探讨临床实习带教过程对男护生职业角色认同感的影响。方法采用自制量表对58名男护生职业角色认同感进行调查,参与临床实习带教过程前后职业角色认同感的结果作自身对照进行比较。结果临床实习带教前,男护生的职业角色认同感较差,有41名（70．7％）男护生表示将来毕业后不会选择从事护理工作,主要影响因素是家人不支持、护士地位低、没有成就感、患者及家属对男护士的接受率低、人际关系交往时较为尴尬等。通过8个月的临床实习,男护生们对职业认同感的认识有所改变。37．9％的调查对象表示会从事护理工作,32．8％明确表示不会从事护理工作,低于临床实习前。临床实习后,男护生愿意从事护理工作的比例增加,与实习前比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝16．76, P＜0．05）。81％的调查者对护理工作有了更全面的认识,意识到护理工作是一项技术性和专业性很强的行业。实习过程中自我成就感较高、某些特定科室男护生更受欢迎与实习所在科室的护理团队气氛融洽是增加男护生职业角色认同感的前3个主要因素。结论实习过程中,带教老师应积极引导和帮助男护生,且管理优秀、气氛融洽的护理团队能够提升男护生职业角色认同感。     

实习护生心理弹性与职业认同感的相关性研究

目的：探讨实习护生心理弹性与职业认同感的相关性,为护理人才队伍发展提供参考依据。方法：采用一般资料问卷、心理弹性量表及职业认同感量表对天津市某2所医学院校的340名实习护生进行调查,并分析心理弹性与职业认同感的相关性。结果：共回收有效问卷330份,有效回收率为97.9%。实习护生心理弹性总分为（66.35±15.57）分,处于一般水平;职业认同感总分为（65.61±11.37）分,处于一般水平;单因素分析显示是否独生子女、是否学生干部、志愿填报护理专业、是否选择从事护理工作的护生职业认同感量表得分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Spearman相关分析显示心理弹性量表总分及各维度得分与职业认同感量表总分呈正相关（P<0.01）。结论：实习护生心理弹性、职业认同感处于一般水平。为培养具有高素质和高度职业认同感的护士队伍,学校和医院应在专业教育阶段和临床教学阶段注重实习护生的心理弹性培养和心理干预指导,开展护士职业情感教育,帮助其更好地应对心理压力,提高职业认同感。     

临床实习前护理本科生自我效能感与专业认同的相关性研究

目的调查临床实习前护理本科生一般自我效能感与专业认同的现状,并分析二者的相关性。方法采用一般自我效能感量表、护理本科生专业认同问卷,对我校即将参加临床实习的403名护理本科生进行问卷调查。结果护理本科生自我效能感得分为（2.38±0.53）分,专业认同总分为（83.52±8.83）分。一般自我效能感与专业情感、专业技能以及专业认同总分呈正相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论护理本科生一般自我效能感与专业认同密切相关,护理教育者应采取相关措施,提高护理本科生的自我效能感和专业认同。