芫花根总黄酮抗肿瘤活性的研究

目的研究芫花根总黄酮（TFRD）抗肿瘤活性的作用及其机制。方法人卵巢浆液性上皮癌细胞株HO8910皮下种植瘤裸鼠模型,TFRD设3个剂量（30mg·kg-1、55mg·kg-1、85mg·kg-1）,分别在造模的3d前、3d后和造模同时对小鼠灌胃14d。MTT法检测TFRD对体外培养的肿瘤细胞的毒性、给药后种植瘤裸鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和NK细胞的杀伤活性。结果 3个剂量的TFRD、3种给药模式对小鼠种植瘤的生长都表现出显著的抑制作用,对种植瘤裸鼠的淋巴细胞增值、NK细胞的杀伤活性都有明显的提升作用,对体外培养的肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性明显大于对正常细胞K293-T的细胞毒活性。结论 TFRD具有显著的抗肿瘤活性,其抗肿瘤活性是通过对肿瘤细胞的选择毒性和提升机体免疫力实现的。     

天花粉蛋白抗结肠癌体内实验研究

本研究以人结肠癌SW－1116细胞体外培养后移植于Swiss－DF品系8周龄裸鼠双侧肾包膜下，次日以不同剂量天花粉蛋白（Trichosanthin，TCS）注射入裸鼠腹膜腔内。每天1次，连续5d，d8解剖裸鼠，观察天花粉蛋白对移植瘤体内抑制情况。结果显示：TCS剂量为0．75mg／kg组抑瘤率为41．2％（P＜0．01），优于丝裂霉素组（抑瘤率31．28％）0．5mg／kg组抑瘤率为27．5％（P＜0．05），远小于TCS对小鼠的半数致死量LD50（134mg／kg）。提示TCS体内应用安全度大，临床研究前景好。     

乌贼墨对小鼠NK细胞杀伤活性的影响和抑瘤作用的研究

研究乌贼墨对小鼠脾细胞NK细胞杀伤活性的诱生作用及NK细胞杀伤性的持续时间，并探讨乌贼墨对荷瘤鼠脾细胞NK细胞杀伤活性的影响及抑制肿瘤生长的作用。用5％的乌贼墨给小鼠灌胃，连续5d后取不同时间的小鼠脾细胞，应用乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测NK细胞杀伤活性，结果表明，口服乌贼墨后可使小鼠NK细胞杀伤活性增强，实验组与对照组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01），诱生后24h杀伤活性明显增强，2周左右恢复正常水平，乌贼墨可使荷瘤鼠NK细胞杀伤活性增强，瘤体明显小于阴性对照组，病理学分析证明小鼠瘤组织出血坏死及炎细胞浸润程度明显高于对照组，阳性对照组小鼠免疫功能损伤严重。     

枸杞多糖对小鼠T、杀伤T和NK细胞的免疫药理作用及对抗环磷酰胺的免疫抑制作用(英文)

枸杞多糖(LBP)5～10 mg/kg,ip,可以提高小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞的增殖功能,增强CTL的杀伤功能,特异杀伤率由33％提高到67％.LBP 5mg/kg.ip,可以增强NK细胞的杀伤功能,杀伤率由12.4％提高到18％. LBP 5～10 mg/kg可以对抗环磷酰胺(Cy)对小鼠T、CTL和NK细胞的免疫抑制作用;其中T淋巴细胞的相对增殖指数(RPI)由33％提高到105％,Cy对CTL的抑制率由单用的51％降低到与LBP合用的19％和36％,NK细胞的杀伤率亦由Cy单用的9.5％提到15％和16％.以上结果说明LBP增强了正常小鼠和Cy处理鼠的T细胞介导的免疫反应与NK细胞的活性.     

红花多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节和抗氧化功能的影响

目的：探讨红花多糖的抗肿瘤作用及其机制。方法：采用移植H22荷瘤小鼠模型,分别设置阴性对照组、阳性对照组和红花多糖低、中、高三个剂量组（15mg/kg、45mg/kg和135mg/kg）,对模型小鼠进行效果处理,观察各组的抑瘤效果、碳廓清能力、耳肿胀度,并对血清GR、GSH-PX、CAT、SOD和MDA含量等进行检测。结果：红花多糖高剂量可明显抑制小鼠H22实体瘤生长（P<0.05）,抑瘤率为66.8%;高剂量组小鼠血清MDA水平明显降低（P<0.05）,GR、GSH-PX、CAT、SOD活性较阴性对照组明显升高,还可降低肿瘤细胞中ROS水平（P<0.05）。结论：红花多糖可明显增强H22荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能,清除自由基、减轻活性氧造成的损伤,从而起到抗肿瘤的作用。     

广西藤茶总黄酮对免疫抑制小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨藤茶总黄酮（TF）对免疫抑制小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：以皮下注射地塞米松或环磷酰胺（CTX）复制小鼠免疫抑制模型．药物组给予不同剂量的TF（200,100和50mg·kg^-1）,并设空白组与模型对照组。分别以5,10μg·mL^-1刀豆蛋白（ConA）刺激脾淋巴细胞,以MTT法测定其增殖功能;以MTT法和廓清率测定小鼠的NK细胞杀伤活性和单核细胞吞噬功能。结果：TF能够显著提高免疫抑制小鼠NK细胞杀伤活性和单核细胞廓清率。当ConA浓度为10μg·mL^-1时,200mg·kg^-1和100mg·kg^-1 TF能促进免疫抑制小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖;当ConA浓度为5μg·mL^-1时,200mg·kg^-1 TF能显著促进免疫抑制小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖。结论：TF可提高免疫抑制小鼠的细胞免疫功能。     

榄香烯哌嗪对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究榄香烯哌嗪的抗肿瘤作用及其对免疫功能的影响。方法采用小鼠S180肉瘤移植性肿瘤动物模型,以抑瘤率为指标考察榄香烯哌嗪的体内抗肿瘤活性。并用四氮唑盐(MTT)法对荷瘤小鼠进行脾淋巴细胞增殖能力和自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性测定,考察其对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果榄香烯哌嗪对小鼠肉瘤S180的生长有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01),502、5 mg.kg-1剂量组抑瘤率分别为48.74%和37.60%。榄香烯哌嗪各种剂量对荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数无明显影响,但榄香烯哌嗪剂量为502、5 mg.kg-1可显著提高荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力,对荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性也有明显的提高作用。结论榄香烯哌嗪具有一定的抗肿瘤作用,其抗肿瘤作用可能与激活体内免疫系统有关。     

食管癌患者外周血自然杀伤细胞活性的研究

<正> 自然杀伤(NK)细胞因其具有无需预先致敏,就能非特异地杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用,日益受到重视。近年来,NK细胞被看作是机体抗肿瘤天然防御中起重要作用的细胞。本文就食管癌患者的NK细胞活性及其与病期发展的关系。性别、年龄对NK细胞活性的影响等进行研究。     

病心胶囊对实验性柯萨奇B3病毒性心肌炎NK细胞活性和干扰素效价的影响

目的：探讨病心胶囊对柯萨奇岛病毒性心肌炎小鼠NK细胞活性和干扰素效价的影响。方法：复制柯萨奇B3小鼠病毒性心肌炎模型，以黄芪注射液为对照，监测各组小鼠NK细胞活性和干扰素效价的变化。结果：病理对照组小鼠脾脏NK细胞活性较正常对照组第7天下降51．3％，第14天下降38．1％，第21天下降37．5％（P均＜0．01），在不同时间段，3种浓度的病心胶囊及黄芪注射液均使下降的NK细胞活性升高（P＜0．05）。病毒具有诱生干扰素的能力，第7，14天，病理对照组小鼠干扰素效价明显高于正常对照组（P＜0．01），第21天此作用不明显。在不同时间段3种浓度的病心胶囊及黄芪注射液均能增强诱生干扰素的能力（P＜0．05）。结论：本研究结果显示病毒性心肌炎小鼠免疫功能失控，包括脾NK细胞活性的下降，干扰素（IFN）效价的低下，3种浓度的病心胶囊均能不同程度地拮抗这种免疫失控的状态，使之恢复于正常水平，对照药物黄芪注射液也有上述作用。     

玉容素胶囊调节小鼠细胞免疫功能的实验研究

目的研究玉容素胶囊对小鼠的细胞免疫功能的影响,为其应用提供基础。方法通过采用迟发性过敏症反应（DTH）测定、刀豆蛋白A（ConA）诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验、自然杀伤（NK）细胞活性测定等方法,探讨玉容素胶囊对细胞免疫功能的影响。结果玉容素胶囊能显著增强DNFB诱导的迟发型变态反应,显著增强ConA诱导的淋巴细胞增殖能力,增强NK细胞活性。结论研究结果提示,玉容素胶囊具有增强细胞免疫功能的作用。     

天花粉抗早孕作用的药理研究

小鼠妊娠第4、5日皮下注射天花粉,其抗早孕ED₅₀为1.78±0.28 mg/kg。天花粉的抗早孕作用可被甲地孕酮和HCG所部分拮抗,而为15-甲-PGF_2α所增强。抗早孕剂量天花粉对假孕小鼠的蜕膜有明显抑制作用。其抗早孕作用及抑制蜕膜作用均随剂量增加而增强。外源性甲地孕酮可对抗其抗早孕作用和抑制蜕膜作用。提示天花粉的抗早孕作用与其抑制蜕膜反应有关。外源性甲地孕酮有对抗天花粉抑制蜕膜反应的作用,提示天花粉有可能通过对抗假孕小鼠体内黄体激素作用而发挥抑制蜕膜反应的作用。本文初步探讨了这种对抗作用。     

Enhancement of natural killer cell function by titanocenes in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumour

In the present work, we studied the effects of two titanocenes, biscyclopentadienyldichlorotitanium IV, (DDCT) and its derivative, biscyclopentadienylditiocianatetitanium IV (BCDT), on the activity of natural killer (NK) cells in Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT)-bearing BALB/c mice. In order to investigate a more direct effect of these compounds on NK cell function, we performed experiments with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, which exhibit a normal NK cell response in the absence of T and B cells. The treatment consisted of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 15 mg/kg/day of DDCT for 2 days or 10 mg/kg/day of BCDT for 3 days. In addition, to verify whether the effects produced by the titanocenes were compound specific or related to a direct antitumour effect, we also investigated the effects of a 3-day treatment with 100 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide cyclophosphamide on NK cell activity. Our results demonstrated that, in BALB/c and SCID mice, NK cell function declined to subnormal levels after inoculation of the tumour. In these animals, although treatment with DDCT and BCDT significantly enhanced NK cell function, only DDCT restored NK cell activity to normal values in all stages studied. Conversely, treatment with cyclophosphamide reduced NK cell function in nontumour bearing SCID mice and was also unable to restore the decreased NK activity of tumour-bearing SCID mice, thus demonstrating that the enhancement of NK cell function by titanocenes is compound specific. The same effect of cyclophosphamide was observed with BALB/c mice. In the present study, the up-modulatory effects of these two compounds on NK cell function reveal a new aspect of the mechanism of antitumoural action of titanocenes.     

唐古特大黄多糖组分1对电离辐射损伤小鼠免疫功能的保护作用

目的：探讨唐古特大黄多糖组分1（RTP1）对电离辐射损伤小鼠免疫功能的防护作用。方法：采用昆明种小鼠,随机分为5组：正常对照组（normal control,NC）、辐射对照组（irradiation control,IC）、RTP1低剂量组（200 mg/kg）、中剂量组（400 mg/kg）和高剂量组（800 mg/kg）。采用灌胃给药方式,连续14 d。NC组和IC组则给予等量的生理盐水。第14天除NC组外,各组小鼠均接受2.0 Gy/只60Coγ射线照射1次,照射后24 h,对小鼠的非特异性免疫功能、体液免疫功能及细胞免疫功能指标进行检测。结果：与IC组比较,RTP1组小鼠的胸腺、脾脏指数、碳廓清指数和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能以及脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、血清溶血素生成值以及NK细胞活性均明显增加,与IC组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：RTP1对辐射所致的小鼠免疫功能损伤具有一定的防护作用。     

谷氨酰胺对肿瘤生长和肝癌细胞凋亡的影响(英文)

目的:探索谷氨酰胺对肿瘤生长及肝癌细胞凋亡的影响。方法:在小鼠右腋皮下接种H22肿瘤细胞悬液,灌服含谷氨酰胺(GLN)液;在人肝癌细胞培养液中加入不同浓度的GLN液。分别检测小鼠血浆及细胞培养液中MDA、NO及细胞中GSH含量,观察小鼠右腋皮下肿瘤生长及肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡情况。结果:灌服GLN液,有抑制皮下肿瘤块生长的作用;在人肝癌细胞培养液中加入一定浓度的GLN液,有抑制肝癌细胞增殖的作用并促使肝癌细胞凋亡。同时小鼠血浆和细胞培养液中NO含量升高,MDA稍有下降;细胞粉碎液中,GSH升高。结论:GLN对肿瘤生长的抑制作用及对肝癌细胞凋亡的影响可能与使抗氧化活性的提高、阻抑自由基对癌细胞增殖的介导及促使NO释放有关。     

Ganoderma tsugae mycelium enhances splenic natural killer cell activity and serum interferon production in mice.

Effects of the water-soluble extract of Ganoderma tsugae mycelium (GT), its alcohol-insoluble subfraction (GTI), and its alcohol-soluble subfraction (GTS) on splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity and serum interferon (IFN) production were assessed in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of GT (4-200 mg/kg) or GTI (1-50 mg/kg), but not GTS, augmented the NK cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner in C3H/HeN mice. This augmentation of splenic NK cytolytic activity was not mouse-strain-dependent. The serum IFN titers of mice were also elevated after i.p.-doses of GTI. The GTI-induced serum IFN was reduced by either IFN-(alpha+beta) antiserum or IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody in vitro. The treatment with antiserum neutralizing IFN-(alpha+beta) resulted in a 70% reduction of GTI-induced IFN, while monoclonal antibody against mouse IFN-gamma, moderately neutralized the GTI-induced IFN (50%). These results demonstrated that both the splenic NK activity and serum IFN [IFN-(alpha+beta) and IFN-gamma] titers are elevated by Ganoderma tsugae mycelium extracts in mice.     

Effect of Radix Ginseng and Radix Trichosanthis on the melanogenesis

Melanogenesis is a well known physiological response of human skin exposed to ultraviolet light, genetic reasons and other sources. In this study, we conducted to evaluate the effects of Radix Ginseng (RG) and Radix Trichosanthis (RT) on the melanogenesis in the B16 melanoma cells. The cells were treated for 48 h with RT at concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 microg/ml, RG at concentration of 10-1000 microg/ml, or RG at various doses (10-1000 microg/ml) with 25 microg/ml RT. Treatment with RT alone dose-dependently suppressed tyrosinase activity and melanin content compared with untreated control, and significantly inhibited cell proliferation. However, RG at various concentrations did not exhibit any significant change of them. Treatment with RT in the presence of various concentrations of RG suppressed tyrosinase activity and melanin content, similar to treatment with RT alone, but slightly increased cell proliferation. Furthermore, tyrosinase protein level was significantly decreased in treatment with 25 microg/ml RT alone and with a combination of 100 microg/ml RG. These results indicate that treatment with RG and RT significantly inhibits the melanogenesis in B16 cells, and raise the possibility that this combination may be effective in the whitening agent for the skin.     

The antidepressant-like effects of neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonists in a gerbil tail suspension test

Recent clinical evidence supports the potential of neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonists as novel antidepressant drugs. A number of NK1 antagonists have reduced affinity for rat and mouse NK1 receptors compared to human, making it difficult to test for efficacy in traditional animal models. NK1 antagonists, in general, have similar affinity at gerbil and human NK1 receptors. The aims of these studies were first, to validate the gerbil tail suspension test, a test used frequently to demonstrate antidepressant drug efficacy in mice, and second, to determine whether the test could be used to demonstrate the antidepressant potential of NK1 antagonists. Immobility time was reduced by oral administration of the antidepressants imipramine (3-30 mg/kg), desipramine (1-30 mg/kg), amitriptyline (30 mg/kg), fluoxetine (1-30 mg/kg), paroxetine (3-10 mg/kg), citalopram (0.1-3 mg/kg), sertraline (1-30 mg/kg), venlafaxine (1-30 mg/kg) and nefazodone (100 mg/kg). Furthermore, oral administration of the NK1 antagonists MK-869 (10 mg/kg), L-742694 (10 mg/kg), L-733060 (10 mg/kg), CP-99994 (30 mg/kg), and CP-122721 (3-30 mg/kg) reduced immobility time. Diazepam (1-10 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (1-10 mg/kg), buspirone (3-30 mg/kg), FG-7142 (1-30 mg/kg), and haloperidol (1-10 mg/kg) did not reduce immobility. Amphetamine (0.3-10 mg/kg) and atropine (0.3-10 mg/kg) reduced immobility, suggesting susceptibility to false positives, e.g. compounds that affect locomotion. Compounds were therefore tested in a gerbil locomotor activity (LMA) test to ensure that the antidepressant-like effects were not secondary to effects on activity. Antidepressant drugs and NK1 antagonists had no effect on LMA at doses that reduced immobility, whereas amphetamine and atropine induced marked hyperactivity. These studies support both the utility of gerbils in behavioral pharmacology and the antidepressant potential of selective NK1 antagonists.     

天花粉多糖的单糖组成分析及不同采挖期多糖含量比较

目的从天花粉中提取纯化多糖,在分析其单糖组成的基础上,建立测定天花粉多糖含量的方法,比较不同采挖时期天花粉中多糖含量的变化,为确定天花粉适宜的采挖时间提供依据。方法薄层色谱法和气相色谱法分析天花粉多糖的糖基组成,多糖的含量测定采用改良的苯酚一硫酸法。结果组成天花粉多糖的单糖残基为葡萄糖;9月～12月及次年1月所采挖的5批药材多糖含量分别为7．51％,6．16％,10．40％,18．90％和17．81％。结论天花粉多糖是一种由葡萄糖组成的均多糖;不同时期采挖的天花粉中多糖含量有显著差异,以12月和1月采挖的天花粉中多糖含量最高,所得结果对药材采收时间的确定有指导意义。     

基于植株性别差异的天花粉多糖、蛋白质含量比较

目的：比较雌雄株栝楼根中多糖、蛋白质含量差异,为天花粉主要来源于雄株栝楼的根提供理论依据。方法：水提醇沉法提取可溶性多糖,硫酸蒽酮比色法检测多糖含量;丙酮分级沉淀法提取天花粉蛋白,考马斯亮蓝染色紫外比色法检测蛋白含量。结果：雌、雄株栝楼根中多糖含量分别为2．628％、3．237％;雌、雄株天花粉蛋白含量分别为0．193％、0．280％,雄株天花粉多糖、天花粉蛋白含量均高于雌株。结论：以多糖和蛋白质含量为指标,雄株根入药优于雌株。     

Natural killer cell activity and anti-tumour effects of dehydrocrotonin and its synthetic derivatives

In this work, the anti-tumour properties of dehydrocrotonin and its derivatives were investigated in vitro and in vivo using the Ehrlich ascites tumour model. Treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumour-bearing mice with 20 mg/kg dehydrocrotonin for 4 days significantly increased survival, whereas administration of dehydrocrotonin derivatives was ineffective in affording protection. Compound IV exhibited little activity against Ehrlich tumour cells in vitro. Investigation of the effects of dehydrocrotonin treatment on total natural killer (NK) cell activity of tumour-bearing mice as a possible mechanism of dehydrocrotonin action in vivo revealed that this sesquiterpene lactone significantly improved NK cytotoxicity against YAC-1, a Moloney virus-induced mouse T-cell lymphoma of A/SN origin. As expected, tumour growth in non-treated mice markedly suppressed NK cell cytolysis. No effects on NK functional activity were observed in normal mice receiving dehydrocrotonin. In summary, only the natural compound exhibits anti-tumour efficacy and immunomodulatory actions in vivo, which may be related to its chemical structure.