The Inventory of College Students' Recent Life Experiences: A decontaminated hassles scale for a special population

The development and validation of a new decontaminated hassles measure, the Inventory of College Students' Recent Life Experiences, are described. An initial pool of 85 items was administered to 100 undergraduates along with the Perceived Stress Scale. Forty-nine items were selected based on significant correlations against the Perceived Stress Scale. The alpha reliability of the resultant final form of the Inventory of College Students' Recent Life Experiences and its correlation against the Perceived Stress Scale were both high. In a separate cross-replication sample of 108 undergraduates, the alpha reliability of the Inventory and its correlation against the Perceived Stress Scale showed little shrinkage. Furthermore, separate analyses for male and female subjects supported the reliability and validity of the Inventory of College Students' Recent Life Experiences across gender. Factor analysis of the Inventory yielded seven interpretable factors. Intercorrelations among subscales based on these factors were generally modest, though in all cases significant, suggesting that the Inventory is relatively free of contamination by psychological distress.The work reported was facilitated by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada's Small Grant Program, administered by the Office of Research Administration, York University. The authors gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments of Dr. Norman S. Endler.     

中文版压力知觉量表在代表性社区成人群体中的应用

目的:评估中文版压力知觉量表应用于中国成人的效度和信度。方法:提取2015年中国健康与营养调查中人口学特征和压力知觉两部分数据。采用双变量相关分析和高低分组t检验判断区分效度;采用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析检验结构效度;采用内部一致性信度、折半信度和敏感性分析检验其信度。结果:中文版压力知觉量表两维度与总分的相关系数分别为0.51和0.78(均P<0.001),第8、11、12条目的相关系数较低,其余各条目与总分之间相关系数为0.41~0.68(均P<0.001)。探索性因子分析共抽取2个公因子,解释的总方差为55.4%。验证性因子分析结果显示,TLI=0.93,CFI=0.95,RMSEA=0.07,RMR=0.05。全量表及“紧张感”和“失控感”维度的Cronbachα系数分别为0.75、0.82、0.88;Spearman-Brown系数为0.78,Guttman折半信度系数为0.78;除8、12条目外,删除任一条目后剩余条目Cronbachα系数在0.71~0.74之间波动。结论:中文版压力知觉量表效度、信度良好,在应用于中国成人的研究中建议对第8、11和12条目进行适当修改。     

Attachment style, stigma and psychological distress among HIV+ adults

This study explored the role of adult attachment style in reported experiences of HIV-related stigma, stress and depression in a diverse sample of HIV+ adults. Participants (N = 288) recruited from AIDS service organizations were administered the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, CES-D, HIV Stigma Scale and a health information questionnaire. Adult romantic attachment style was significantly associated with perceived stress, depression and HIV-related stigma. Results of regression analyses supported contentions that in addition to HIV symptomatology, other psychosocial risk factors such as attachment style and stigma contribute to perceived stress and depression among HIV+ men and women.     

职业倦怠量表的研制

目的研制职业倦怠量表并检验其信度、效度。方法根据开放式问卷调查,参考以往研究,编制本量表。采用随机整群抽样方法,选取1185名被试进行测试;对280人同时使用工作倦怠问卷和军人职业压力量表进行施测;于1周后随机选取其中54人进行本量表的重测。通过探索性因子分析,相关分析,检验量表的信效度。结果正式量表包含30个条目,另加1个掩饰分量表。各公因子之间的相关系数为0.282～0.674(P0.01),各个因子与总量表之间的相关系数为:0.621～0.831(P0.01);总量表及各分量表的重测相关系数为:0.598～0.728(P0.01);C ronbach’α系数为:0.762～0.919;分半相关系数为:0.751～0.835。总量表及各分量表与工作倦怠问卷和军人职业压力量表具有显著的相关性。结论职业倦怠量表的信度和效度符合心理测量学要求。     

行政管理人员压力自评量表的信度和效度

目的评价行政管理人员压力自评量表的信度和效度。方法对参与广东省委党校培训的30名管理人员评定行政管理人员压力自评量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90),间隔2周重测量表,对量表的内部一致性信度、重测信度及平行效度进行分析。结果行政管理人员压力自评量表的Cronbach′s’α系数为0.916(P<0.05),重测后各分压力的相关系数均在0.952～0.998之间(P>0.05)。量表总分与SCL-90总分间的相关系数为0.751,且全部分压力评分与SCL-90总分呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论行政管理人员压力自评量表具有良好的信度和效度。     

Psychosomatic factors in first-onset alopecia areata

Although the onset of alopecia areata has often been anecdotally linked with emotional stress, findings from the few controlled studies have not been univocal. The authors compared outpatients experiencing a recent onset of alopecia areata (N=21) with outpatients affected by skin conditions commonly believed as having a low psychosomatic component (N=102). Participants were administered Paykel's Interview for Recent Life Events, the Experiences in Close Relationships scale, the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Multiple logistic regression was used to control for age and gender. The total number of recent life events (last 12 months) was not different between the alopecia patients and the comparison subjects. Also, the alopecia patients and the comparison subjects did not differ in terms of the number of undesirable or major events. The comparison subjects even experienced a greater number of uncontrollable events. Alopecia areata tended to be associated with high avoidance in attachment relationships, high alexithymic characteristics, and poor social support. The results suggest that personality characteristics might modulate individual susceptibility to alopecia areata.     

医务人员压力反应与社会支持、生活事件、应对方式的相关研究

目的：研究生活事件、应对方式、社会支持等应激有关因素对医务人员应激反应的影响。探讨在应激系统中各应激有关因素的作用途径。方法：使用领悟社会支持量表、生活事件量表、特质应对方式问卷和自编压力反应问卷对556名医务人员进行调查。结果：单因素相关分析显示：压力反应与生活事件、应对方式、社会支持之间相关均有显著性意义。多因素回归分析和路径分析表明生活事件、应对方式、社会支持对压力反应均有预测性。其中消极应对方式是影响医务人员压力反应的最主要因素；积极应对方式通过影响消极应对方式间接影响压力反应；生活事件可以直接导致压力反应，也可通过应对方式间接影响压力反应；社会支持对压力反应没有直接影响，而是通过生活事件和应对方式来影响压力反应。结论：心理压力是多因素相互作用的系统。     

Global Perceived Stress Level as a Moderator of the Relationship between Negative Life Events and Depression

Abstract

The present research investigated the proposal that global perceived stress level moderates the degree of relationship between negative life events and depression. Accordingly, subjects in this study completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Life Experiences Survey (LES), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The PSS provides a measure of global perceived stress level, or the general tendency to view one's life as being unpredictable, out of control, and overwhelming. Consistent with past research, the findings revealed an increase in depression level as negative life change scores increased. Of special importance, however, was the finding that global level of stress significantly moderated the relationship between depression and negative life events. For those low on perceived stress, negative life changes had only a minimal impact on depression level. In contrast, for those high on perceived stress, the relationship was more pronounced. These findings were then discussed with regard to the possible role of cognitive appraisals in enhancing the symptoms of psychopathology experienced by individuals high on global level of perceived stress.     

应激相关因素与护士生活质量的关系

目的：研究应激相关因素对护士生活质量的影响，为改善护士生活质量提供参考．方法：采用整群抽样法，用生活质量综合评定问卷、压力反应问卷、生活事件量表、特质应对方式问卷、领悟社会支持量表、艾森克人格问卷对405名护士进行调查。结果：应激相关的5个因素与综合生活质量及其中的躯体、心理和社会功能3个维度均显著相天；多元回归分析表明：应激相关因素对综合生活质量以及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质功能4个维度的预测力分别为53.4％、32．6％、57．6％、46％、6.6％．结论：应激相关因素对护士生活质量有显著影响。     

The survey of recent life experiences: A psychometric evaluation

Hitherto, various critics have claimed that the most commonly used measure for daily hassles is confounded with psychological well-being in both content and format. In order to circumvent such contamination, the Survey of Recent Life Experiences (SRLE) was developed by Kohn and MacDonald (1992). In the present study, the SRLE was psychometrically evaluated within a general sample of the Dutch population. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that, with the exception of one item, the original six-factor structure was strongly replicated. For five of six factors, internal consistency reliabilities proved satisfactory. It is argued that the rather low internal consistency reliability of the sixth factor may be improved if additional items are subjoined. In addition, yielded relationships between the SRLE and other variables were in accordance with previous research. It is therefore argued that the results are in support of cross-cultural construct validity of the SRLE. Future use within other Western European societies is recommended.     

A Dutch translation of the Self-Efficacy for Rehabilitation Outcome Scale (SER): a first impression on reliability and validity

Self-efficacy is a relevant factor during rehabilitation after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Research was done into the reliability and validity of a Dutch translation of the Self-Efficacy for Rehabilitation Outcome Scale (SER). One hundred and forty-one persons filled in the SER questionnaire and the Self-Efficacy Expectation Scale (SES) as a control scale. Research was done into reliability and into construct- and criterion-related validity. Factor analysis yielded two factors. Pearson's correlation between the two factors was 0.61 (P < 0.01). To assess criterion-related validity, the Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated between the sum score of the SER and the SES. The scales had a correlation of 0.62 (P < 0.01). Internal consistency resulted in a Cronbach's coefficient alpha of 0.94 for the entire SER scale, and 0.94 and 0.87 for the first and second factors. It is concluded that for the time being the Dutch version of the SER can be considered a reliable and valid questionnaire.     

12项坚毅量表(12-Item Grit Scale)的中文修订

目的:对12项坚毅量表(12-Item Grit Scale)在中国成年人群中进行中文版的初步修订。方法:按量表翻译程序将12项目坚毅量表翻译成中文版,然后采用验证性因素分析对其结构效度进行分析,以心理弹性量表(RS-14)作为校标工具。在北京市随机选取360名成年人进行测验,两周后随机选取其中80名成年人进行重测,分析中文版信效度。结果:坚毅量表中文版所有题目的决断值(CR)均达到0.001的显著性水平,每个题目与对应量表的相关系数较高。因素分析结果表明,坚毅量表符合Duckworth两因素模型结构,量表的结构效度良好(RMR=0.037,NFI=0.927,GFI=0.957,RMSEA=0.049)。用心理弹性量表(RS-14)作为效标,坚毅量表得分与心理弹性量表的得分呈现正相关(r=0.671,P0.001)。量表的Cronbach`sα系数为0.729,折半信度为0.784,两周后的重测信度为0.804(P0.001)。结论:12项坚毅量表在成年人中试用具有较高信度和效度,可以作为测量成年人坚毅品质的有效工具。     

Validation of the Derogatis Stress Profile using laboratory and real world data.

The Derogatis Stress Profile (DSP) is unique among the numerous measures of 'stress' in that it incorporates the interactional model of Lazarus and Folkman in a multidimensional structure. Derogatis has studied the psychometric properties of the DSP but its validity has not been demonstrated in the 'real world' nor has it been related to psychophysiological data. The present investigation was aimed at testing the validity of the DSP in these two areas. Forty-three men between the ages of 18 and 30 years completed the DSP, the Daily Hassles Scale (DHS), the Life Experiences Survey (LES), the Profile of Mood States (bipolar form), and the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI). Participants were exposed to stressors in a laboratory setting as well as in the field while their heart rate was being monitored. Results supported the validity of the DSP, in part. The correlation between the DSP and JPI anxiety scores was significant as was the correlation between the DSP and the daily depression scores. The correlation between the Total Stress Score (TSS) of the DSP and DHS was significant as were the correlations between the TSS and LES scores. Moreover, the DSP scores were related to heart rate reactivity both in the laboratory and in the field.     

大学生的压力知觉、情绪智力、心理弹性对生活满意度的影响

目的探讨大学生的压力知觉、情绪智力、心理弹性对生活满意度的关系和作用机制。方法采用压力知觉量表、情绪智力量表、成人心理弹性量表和生活满意度量表对485名大学生进行施测。结果①大学生压力知觉与情绪智力、心理弹性、生活满意度均呈显著负相关(r=-0.60,-0.50,-0.40;P0.01);情绪智力、心理弹性与生活满意度呈显著正相关(r=0.33,0.38;P0.01);②压力知觉不仅可以直接预测生活满意度,还可以通过情绪智力、心理弹性起间接预测作用。结论情绪智力、心理弹性分别在压力知觉与主观幸福感之间起部分中介作用。压力知觉→情绪智力→心理弹性→生活满意度的路径也显著。     

军人负性应激事件量表的编制与信效度研究

目的:编制军人负性应激事件量表,检验其信效度。方法:根据应激-易感模型和理性-理论化法,结合军事职业特点,拟定原始条目池;专家对原始题目进行甄别并进行完善;对125名军队基层指挥官进行开放式问卷调查以量化评估条目,据此增减、修正,编制初始量表;专家进一步对初始量表进行量化确认。施测1257名现役军人,分析量表的信效度。结果:依据应激事件发生时间的不同,量表分为急性应激和慢性应激两个分量表,包括39个相同条目,分为军事应激、婚恋家庭应激、团队人际应激、其他个人应激4个因子。急、慢性应激两个分量表的Cronbach'α系数分别为0.856、0.914;急性应激各因子与其总分相关为0.630~0.848,慢性应激各因子与其总分相关为0.779~0.882;急性应激与焦虑相关显著(r=0.391,P0.01)、慢性应激与抑郁相关显著(r=0.494,P0.01)。结论:军人负性应激事件量表的信效度良好,适用于军队心理卫生工作。     

5·12地震后急性应激反应筛查表因素分析

目的 分析创伤后应激反应筛查表(PTSS20)的因素构成及影响因素,了解创伤后急性应激障碍的症状群特征.方法 203名5·12地震灾民完成PTSS20有效测验,以PTSS20总分低、中、高分3组做条目分析、因素分析及信度、效度检验.结果 PTSS20因子分析得到8个因子构成:焦虑/警觉性增高、情绪不稳、迟钝/麻木、创伤...     

中国积极信念自评量表的研制及其信效度检验

目的编制中国积极信念自评预测量表并进行信度、效度检验。方法通过预测验构建初问卷,并采用探索性因素分析、相关分析、t检验等方法分析数据,检验其信效度。结果根据因子分析结果,提取1个因子,正式量表含有10个条目,累计方差贡献率为51.85%。总量表的Cronbach'sα系数为0.783,分半系数为0.852。10个条目与总量表的相关系数在0.624~0.778(P0.01)。高分组与低分组比较,各条目得分差异显著(t=2.57~5.38,P0.01)。结论中国积极信念自评量表的信度、效度符合心理测量学要求,可作为中国人积极信念的自评工具。     

大学生主观幸福感的实验研究

目的了解湖南农业大学大学生主观幸福感现状,探讨自尊、主观应激与主观幸福感的关系。方法用主观幸福感量表,自尊量表和主观应激量表对1～2年级464名大学生进行测试。结果不同性别大学生对自尊、主观应激和主观幸福感差异无显著性(P0.05),自尊与生活满意度呈显著正相关(P0.01),自尊与积极情绪呈显著正相关(P0.01),自尊与消极情绪呈显著负相关(P0.01),自尊与幸福度呈显著正相关(P0.01);自尊对主观幸福感有显著预测作用(P0.01),自尊与主观应激呈负相关(P0.01)。主观应激与生活满意度呈显著负相关(P0.01),主观应激与积极情绪呈负相关(P0.01),主观应激与消极情绪呈显著正相关(P0.01),主观应激与幸福度呈负相关(P0.01);主观应激对主观幸福感有显著预测作用(P0.01),自尊和主观应激对主观幸福感有显著预测作用(P0.01)。结论应重视大学生自尊心和主观应激能力的提高。     

Reliability and validity of Subjective Well-Being Scale

In this study, a subjective well-being scale was developed, and its reliability and validity evaluated. The Subjective Well-Being Scale (SWBS) had twelve items which covered four domains. It was administered to 1005 adults and 520 college students. Results indicated that for the students, college life satisfaction and self-esteem had positive correlations with SWBS score. For the adults, marital satisfaction, workplace satisfaction, and household income satisfaction had positive correlations with the score. These findings showed considerable constructive validity for SWBS. In addition, internal consistency was sufficiently high, indicating the measure's high reliability. SWBS may be a simple but reliable and valid measure, and it is useful for examining subjective well-being of both adults and college students.