非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术

目的 :探讨非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的优点、适应征及移植材料的选择。方法 :手术在全麻常温下进行 ,正中切口。例 1搭桥 2支 ,例 2搭桥 3支。结果 :例 1,手术时间 2 .5h ,带气管插管时间 4 .5h ,例 2 ,手术时间 3h ,带气管插管时间 4h ,均在术后 9d痊愈出院。结论 :非体外循环下的冠状动脉搭桥术安全可行 ,拓宽了搭桥术的指征。且可减少手术创伤与并发症 ,降低医疗费用 ,在移植材料上 ,首选动脉材料。     

Prophylactic Amidarone Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

In this study we performed a retrospective chart review to evaluate the efficacy of short-term postoperative oral amiodarone therapy on postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after coronary artery bypass surgery. The incidence of POAF in 372 patients (60.6%) without prophylactic amiodarone therapy was compared with that in 240 patients (39.4%) receiving the medication immediately after the surgery. Patients who received prophylactic amiodarone developed significantly less POAF than those without prophylactic treatment (17.0% versus 25.9%, P = .01), with relative and absolute risk reductions of 0.7% and 8.9%, respectively. Postoperative oral amiodarone therapy is simple to administer and may be a valuable adjunct therapy for patients after coronary artery bypass surgery.     

200例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的麻醉处理

目的：探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCABG）患者的围术期管理。方法：回顾分析2005年7月至2008年6月的200例择期非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术患者200例,诱导用咪唑安定0.05～0.1mg/kg,依托咪酯0.3mg/kg,芬太尼5～15μg/kg,罗库溴铵0.5～1.0mg/kg,麻醉维持采用持续泵注异丙酚1～4mg/kg·h,,间断辅以0.5%～2.0%异氟烷吸入,术中随手术操作时出现的血流动力学变化,用血管活性药物调整。结果：麻醉效果满意,术中血压心率基本满意。本组患者苏醒时间,拔管时间和ICU停留时间为（178±42）min、（10.5±4.0）h、（18±6.3）h。术毕180例患者在12h内拔管。180例预后良好,无麻醉并发症。结论：非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术麻醉管理的关键是合理的应用麻醉药和血管活性药来维持血流动力学平稳。     

两种冠状动脉搭桥术对肾功能的影响

目的研究体外循环与微创冠状动脉搭桥术对肾功能的影响。方法适合冠状动脉搭桥术患者42例,随机分成C(体外循环,CCABG)组和O(微创术,OPCABG)组各21例。分别留取术前24 h(T0)、术中(T1)、术后24 h(T2)、术后48 h(T3)四个时段的尿液及血液标本,记录尿量,通过血、尿标本中的肌酐测定结果计算内生肌酐清除率(C cr);同时检测尿微量白蛋白(ALB)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)浓度,计算尿蛋白或酶排量(蛋白或酶浓度与C r之比)。结果①C cr:两组病人T1明显高于T0,T2、T3快速回降低于T0(P<0.01)。组间比较,T1C cr水平C组明显高于O组,T2、T3C cr水平C组明显低于O组(P<0.05);②尿ALB/C r:两组病人T1ALB/C r值明显高于T0水平,T2、T3有不同程度的回落,但仍高于T0(P<0.01)。T1ALB/C r,C组明显高于O组(P<0.01);③尿RBP/C r、NAG/C r:T0两组病人尿RBP/C r、NAG/C r水平均高于正常值,并在T1-T3各时点持续上升高于T0(P<0.01)。两组T1、T2、T3各相应时点值比较,C组明显高于O组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论微创术与非体外循环对肾小球和肾小管功能均有可逆的亚临床影响,对肾小管影响大于肾小球。微创术对肾功能的影响较小于体外循环的影响。     

Preoperative Anxiety and Depression Increases the Incidence of Delirium After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

PurposeTo address the effect of anxiety and depression before coronary artery bypass graft surgery on the postoperative delirium and the length of hospitalization.DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsThe anxiety and depression before surgery was measured using the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The main outcome of interest was delirium, which was assessed at baseline and then on the second, third, fourth, and fifth days after surgery, using the nine-item Neecham Confusion Scale. The incidence of delirium was compared in the positive group (153 patients with anxiety and depression at baseline) versus the negative group (153 patients without anxiety and depression at baseline).FindingsThere was a significant difference between the mean score of delirium in the two groups on the second, third, fourth, and fifth days after surgery (P = .001). The incidence of mild and moderate/severe delirium was significantly higher in the positive group than in the negative group for the entire length of follow-up (P = .001). The average length of hospitalization was nearly the same in the two groups (P = .156).ConclusionsThis study indicated that anxiety and depression before coronary artery bypass graft surgery can significantly increase the incidence of postoperative delirium, but it has no significant effect on the length of hospitalization.     

非体外循环冠脉搭桥术前后肺静脉血流的经食管超声研究

目的 :应用多平面经食管彩色多普勒超声心动图 (TEE)检测肺静脉 (PVF)和二尖瓣血流频谱(MVF)相结合的方法评价非体外循环冠脉搭桥术 (OPCAB)对左室舒张功能的影响。方法 :应用 TTE和经胸多普勒超声 (TTE)检测 3 6例冠心病患者 OPCAB术前 2周内和术后 3个月的右上 PVF和 MVF,并用 TEE检测60例正常人作为对照。结果 :OPCAB患者术前与正常对照组比较 ,PVa、 PVd和 A明显增加 (P<0 .0 1) ;PVs、PVs/ PVd、 E和 E/ A比值明显减小 (P<0 .0 1) ;OPCAB术后 PVs、 PVd、 PVs/ PVd,和 E、 E/ A比值显著增加(P<0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5) ,而 PVa和 A明显减小 ;TEE对 PVF的测值高于 TTE (P<0 .0 5)。结论 :PVF与 MVF相结合的方法可准确反映左室舒张功能 ,OPCAB术后左室舒张功能得到明显改善。TEE技术为定量评价 OPCAB术后左室舒张功能的改善提供了一种可靠的方法     

急症非体外循环冠脉旁路移植术中抑肽酶的应用

目的:研究抑肽酶对术前服用氢氯吡格雷(波力维)和阿司匹林的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)病人进行非体外循环冠脉旁路移植术后的止血作用及围手术期心梗发生率的影响。方法:从2004年8月—2006年5月共行急症非体外循环冠脉旁路移植术38例,随机分为两组,对照组(n=18)和抑肽酶组(n=20),抑肽酶组在术中使用小剂量抑肽酶。两组病人的年龄、性别、体重、心功能、血肌酐、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、术前CK-MB、CTnT无明显差别。比较两组的术后24h总引流量、输血率、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、肾功能,心梗发生率、术后第1天的CK—MB、CTnT、病死率、ICU天数和手术后出院天数。结果:术后24 h总引流量,对照组明显高于抑肽酶组(P＜0．05),输血率对照组明显高于抑肽酶组(P＜0．05),对照组平均血红蛋白,两组无明显差异(P＞0．05);红细胞压积两组无明显差异(P＞0．05);对照组血小板计数对照组明显低于抑肽酶组(P＜0．05)。肾功能不全、围手术期心梗的发生率两组无明显差异,术后第1天的CK—MB、CTnT两组间无明显差异(P＞0．05),ICU时间、手术后出院天数,两组无明显差异(P＞0．05)。结论:抑肽酶能明显减少急症非体外循环冠脉旁路移植术后的引流量和输血率,并不增加围手术期心梗发生率。     

Effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol on Patients Who Underwent Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

PurposeEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is an evidence-based perioperative measure to improve outcomes. Although the benefits of ERAS are well proven for other surgeries, little is known about its effect on off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCABG) surgery. Thus, this study aimed to explore the effect of an ERAS protocol in patients who underwent OPCABG surgery.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study included 94 participants (traditional care group = 47 vs ERAS group = 47). An ERAS protocol was established by a multidisciplinary team. Knowledge of coronary artery disease, fasting time, water deprivation time, extubation time of the tracheal tube and pericardial and mediastinal drainage tube, off-bed activity participation rate, length of hospital stay, hours of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, expenses in ICU, incidence rates of ICU delirium and postoperative nausea and vomiting, and the 6-Minute Walk Test on postoperative day 7 were recorded and calculated between the groups.ResultsDemographics, lifestyle, and disease severity showed no significant difference between the two groups (p > .05). The ERAS group patients had improved understanding of coronary artery disease (t = −3.89, p < .01), shorter fasting time (t = 7.98, p < .01), shorter water deprivation time (t = 9.29, p < .01), increased off-bed activity participation (t = 17.67, p < .01), and the improved 6-Minute Walk Test on postoperative day 7 (t = −3.23, p < .01).ConclusionsThe ERAS protocol is safe and effective for patients undergoing OPCABG surgery.     

常规超声结合冠脉血流显像技术评价冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅性

目的应用常规超声结合冠脉血流显像技术评价冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅性.方法行冠状动脉搭桥术(左乳内动脉原位转流至左前降支)患者46例;术后检查乳内动脉桥起始段、桥血管远段(吻合口近端)、吻合口、远端及近端左前降支.分别测量各段收缩期峰值流速、舒张期峰值流速、收缩期流速时间积分、舒张期流速时间积分.结果乳内动脉原位转流术后, 桥血管起始段显示率95.65%;桥血管与自体左前降支吻合口显示率80.43%.通过测量并计算吻合口与吻合口近端桥血管流速时间积分比值以及舒张期峰值流速比值评价吻合口是否存在狭窄.结论常规超声结合冠脉血流显像技术可提供评价桥血管通畅性的直接证据,为临床随访提供一种新的无创的方法.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术患者术前焦虑状况的调查

目的了解冠状动脉旁路移植术患者术前的焦虑状况,为制订针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法采用一般资料调查表及焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)对2012年1月至2013年12月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院心胸外科收治的行冠状动脉旁路移植术的128例患者进行调查。结果 128例患者中,50例患者存在焦虑症状,其中轻度焦虑16例、中度焦虑32例、重度焦虑2例;不同性别、年龄、文化程度、病程、家庭人均月收入及医疗费用支付方式、患者术前焦虑情况的差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);不同婚姻状况患者术前焦虑情况的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论年龄大、病程长、文化程度低、家庭人均月收入低、医疗费用自付、女性患者在冠状动脉旁路移植术术前易出现焦虑症状,护理人员应加强对这部分患者的观察和心理护理,针对性地采取护理干预,以减轻患者的心理负担,从而有利于手术的顺利进行和术后的康复。     

冠脉旁路移植术中桡动脉的应用

目的：探讨冠脉旁路移植术中获取桡动脉的技术及安全措施。方法：通过对桡动脉解剖的认识,从术前判断、术中获取技术和术后防止血管桥痉挛3个方面回顾总结63例不停跳冠脉旁路移植术中获取桡动脉的经验。结果：所有患者均无前臂运动功能障碍,3例出现短暂感觉异常。无前臂及手部缺血并发症。桥血管近期通畅率满意。结论：正确的术前评价、术中和术后适当地保护桡动脉是安全获取桡动脉作为血管桥材料的必要保证。     

A Retrospective Review of Leg Wound Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Little research or attention has been paid to finding out whether wound closure with sutures or staples attains the best outcomes after saphenous vein harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting. We undertook a quality improvement project to compare the prevalence of leg wound complications (eg, infection, seroma, hematoma, dehiscence) between two types of skin closure (ie, staples, subcuticular sutures) after conventional open surgery with bridging between incisions and vein harvesting during coronary revascularization to determine the need for practice changes. We found no significant differences between patients with wound complications and those without. However, in this project, the risk for infections was greater for patients with diabetes whose wounds were closed by using subcuticular sutures. These findings have led to practice changes for reducing leg wound complications within our institution: clinicians now assess patients for increased risk of leg wound complications preoperatively and opt to close wounds with staples for patients who have diabetes.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术初探

目的:报告非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床应用和初步体会。方法:22例冠心病患者(男18例,女4例,年龄49~74岁。平均62·7岁)。均在全麻常温下经胸骨正中切口行OPCAB术,人均远端吻合口3·0±0·9个。结果:全组1例死亡,其余恢复顺利,疗效满意。术后平均呼吸机辅助时间1194·7分钟,人均输血788·2ml,术后患者心绞痛症状均消失,心功能改善。结论:OPCAB安全、有效,是一种值得推广的治疗冠心病的微创手术方法。     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术前后肺动脉楔嵌压的经食管超声研究

目的应用经食管多普勒超声心动图(TEE)检测非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCAB)前后肺动脉楔嵌压(PCWP)的变化.方法应用TEE检测46例行OPCAB前后二尖瓣血流频谱(MVF)和肺静脉血流频谱(PVF),同步应用心导管技术检测PCWP.对所测量指标进行术前术后对比分析,并将PCWP与TEE所测指标进行相关分析.结果 OPCAB前后能反映左室收缩舒张功能的TEE测量指标和PCWP有明显改善;MVF与PVF的各指标与PCWP有相关性(r＝0.30～0.76,P＜0.01～0.05),其中反向A波峰值血流速度(PVa)、反向A波速度时间积分(VTIpva)及MVF与PVF相结合的指标Tpvadt-mvadt、Tpvat-mvat相关性最好(r＝0.75～0.89,P＜0.001).结论 TEE检测PVF和MVF所得各指标可用来估算PCWP,对OPCAB疗效进行评价;OPCAB术后即刻左室功能有改善.     

全机器人不开胸心脏冠状动脉旁路移植术的围术期护理

全机器人不开胸心脏微创手术具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快和不影响美观等优势,是一种高度精密和复杂的技术。此术式的开展极大程度地依赖于术者丰富的心血管外科知识和熟练的手术技巧。     

64例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植患者手术后低氧血症的监护

总结64例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植患者手术后低氧血症的护理经验,认为心功能维护、呼吸管理以及出血监护和疼痛护理,是监护重点和难点。尤其要严密监测心率、血压、中心静脉压、心输出量、血氧饱和度和氧合指数的变化,及时掌握心功能和氧的供需平衡情况;实施限制性液体管理对策,术后早期保持轻度负平衡状态,特别对高龄、心肺功能较差的患者,以助于改善氧合;掌握低氧血症患者吸痰的正确方法,进行加温湿化氧疗,做到合理通气管理。经精心护理,63例低氧血症患者得以纠正,1例患者因重度低心排、低氧血症不能纠正而死亡。     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术前后左心房功能的超声心动图研究

目的应用经胸超声心动图(TTE)声学定量技术(AQ)检测非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCAB)前后左心房功能的变化。方法应用TTE的AQ技术检测46例行OPCAB患者术前和术后左心房功能各指标,并检测60例正常人作对照。结果OPCAB患者术前与正常对照组比较,左房各时相容积、左房射血分数和左房射血量均明显增高(P<0.01)。OPCAB后左房各时相容积减小(P<0.05～0.01),而左房射血分数和左房射血量明显增加(P<0.05～0.01)。结论AQ技术可定量检测左房储备和收缩功能;OPCAB术后左心房功能得到明显恢复。