Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in diagnosis of pulmonary masses

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a diagnostic method indicated in patients with pulmonary lesions that cannot be reached with a bronchoscope and when cytologic examinations of the sputum are persistently negative. Cells are aspirated under fluoroscopic control and stained using the Papanicolaou method for cytologic examination. Results are available within hours, and the material can be used for other studies. Between 1975 and 1984, the authors performed 845 FNABs in 342 patients. Diagnosis was established in 306 patients, or 89.5 per cent. Malignant neoplasm was diagnosed in 284 instances, benign disease in 22. In 176 patients with malignant tumors, the diagnosis was based on FNAB exclusively. In 108 patients who were operated on, the results of FNAB matched histology in 97 per cent. The aspiration specimen was inadequate in 36 patients, most of whom had diffuse lung disease. The incidence of complications was extremely low. FNAB is safe and reliable. It is recommended for use in clinical workup of undiagnosed pulmonary masses. FNAB enables rational planning of treatment when other diagnostic methods fail. The authors do not recommend FNAB for use in cases of diffuse pulmonary disease.     

Clinical value of pulmonary needle biopsy in diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoma

In 92 consecutive pulmonary needle biopsies, preliminary diagnoses on the basis of radiological and clinical data were compared with cytological reports. Three groups emerged. In the first, of 43 cases with radiological changes typical for primary lung carcinoma and no clinical data making other diagnosis a plausible alternative, the cytologist found carcinoma cells in 37 and malignant lymphoma cells in one. A further 3 cases proved to be carcinomas at the histological examination. Two cases were not carcinomas. In the second group, where 30 patients displayed radiological changes less typical for primary diagnoses, or clinical/anamnestical data also supported alternative diagnoses, the cytologist found malignancies in 8 cases, carcinoid in one and no signs of malignancy in 21 cases. In 19 cases the patients were considered radiologically to have no malignancies. Malignant cells were found in none. It is concluded that in a certain group of patients, the diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoma can be made with reasonable accuracy from radiological and clinical data alone. Needle aspiration biopsy and similar techniques are of questionable value as routine procedures when the probability of this diagnosis is already very high on other grounds. Their use should be reserved for cases where plausible diagnostic alternatives are present.     

超声引导下穿刺活检在诊断女性盆腔占位性病变中的应用

目的分析超声引导下穿刺活检在女性盆腔占位性病变诊断中的应用价值。方法于超声引导下对95例女性盆腔包块患者进行组织学穿刺活检,将所获病理结果与术后病理结果进行比较。结果 95例中,89例获得明确的穿刺病理诊断(包括恶性肿瘤81例、良性病变8例),2例提示低分化癌但未获得病理分型,4例未获得病理结果。41例接受手术治疗,穿刺病理结果与手术病理结果符合率90.24%(37/41)。1例出现穿刺部位短时间明显疼痛,余无明显不良反应。结论超声引导下穿刺活检女性盆腔占位性病变方法简单、安全、准确,可适用于不适合手术、但又需要获得明确病理诊断结果的患者。     

CEUS引导下穿刺活检诊断前纵隔淋巴瘤的临床价值

目的探讨CEUS引导下穿刺活检对前纵隔淋巴瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经CEUS和常规超声引导穿刺的各36例前纵隔淋巴瘤患者资料。比较CEUS引导组和常规超声引导组的取材成功率和并发症发生率。结果CEUS引导下前纵隔肿块取材成功率为100%(36/36),其中非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)26例,霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)10例;36例患者,共穿刺取材60例次,并发症发生率为11.11%(4/36)。常规超声引导下前纵隔淋巴瘤取材成功率为88.89%(32/36),其中NHL 22例,HL 14例,共穿刺取材91例次,并发症发生率为41.67%(15/36)。2组取材成功率和并发症发生率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.235、8.651,P=0.040、0.003)。结论 CEUS可反映纵隔淋巴瘤的内部的微循环情况,更好地指导靶向穿刺活检,提高穿刺取材的成功率,减少并发症。     

Renal imaging and biopsy for diagnosis of renal masses

Incidental diagnosis of renal tumors is more and more common. Imaging is of paramount importance for the caracterization of these tumors. Ultrasound allows the diagnosis of solid tumors, thereby excluding cysts. The gold standard is the CT-scan, the realisation of which must obey to precise quality criteria. MRI yields further informations in selected cases. Renal cancer is the main etiology, but benign tumors can be suspected in small tumors less than 4 cm. Angiomyolipoma and oncocytoma are the more frequent benign tumors. Angiolipoma can be diagnosed with CT-scan, but there are no radiological criteria for the diagnosis of oncocytoma. Renal percutaneous biopsy can be helpful in selected cases. It is recommended for bilateral tumors, or when a renal metastasis is suspected. For small lesions with radiological features consistent with the diagnosis of benign tumor, renal biopsy can confirm this diagnosis and lead surgical abstention. Nevertheless, few centers have a regular practise of renal biopsy. Its contribution is still to be evaluated.     

Positive predictive value of biopsy of palpable masses following mastectomy

Determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of biopsy of palpable masses following mastectomy (MX). Determine if there are patient characteristics, tumor, or imaging features more predictive of cancer. IRB‐approved retrospective review of 16 396 breast ultrasounds June 2008‐December 2015 identified patients with MX presenting with palpable masses. Medical records and imaging studies were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. In all, 117 patients presented with palpable masses on the MX side. 101/117 patients who had a palpable mass on physical examination had a true sonographic mass to correlate with the clinical findings. 91/101 (90%) underwent biopsy: 19/91 (21%, 95% CI; 13‐31) biopsies were malignant. 72/91 (79%) were benign. All 19 cancers were on the original cancer side. Recurrences ranged from 0.4 to 4.5 cm maximum diameter, mean 1.3 cm. Prophylactic vs therapeutic mastectomy was very statistically significant (P = .01). The use of tamoxifen or an AI was also statistically significant (P = .04). Patient age (P = 1.0), radiation therapy (P = 1.05), chemotherapy (P = .2), immediate breast reconstruction (P = .2), or implant vs flap (P = .2) had no statistically significant association with finding cancer on biopsy. Lesion shape (irregular vs oval/round) was highly statistically significant (P = .0003) as was non‐parallel orientation on ultrasound (P = .008). Circumscribed vs non‐circumscribed margins was also statistically significant (P = .008). The PPV of biopsy of palpable masses on the side of MX was 21% (95% CI; 13‐31). All recurrences were on the original cancer side and this was very statistically significant.     

细针穿吸细胞学检查对腮腺区肿块诊断及手术美学设计的应用评价

目的:研究细针穿吸细胞学检查对腮腺区肿块诊断及手术美学设计的应用评价。方法:对151例腮腺区肿块患者术前行细针穿吸细胞学检查,根据穿刺诊断设计手术切口及方法,术中冰冻病理诊断,并与术后常规病理诊断作对照。结果:细胞学检查定性诊断的准确率为93.4%,术中冰冻病理诊断的准确率为96.1%,细胞学诊断与组织病理诊断完全一致的诊断符合率,良性肿瘤为93.9%,恶性肿瘤为92.3%。根据穿刺诊断设计手术切口及方法,术后外形恢复良好,无出血、感染、面神经损伤等并发症发生。结论:细针穿吸细胞学检查在腮腺区肿块的诊治中有重要作用,是一种快速、经济、安全、并发症较少和诊断准确率高的细胞学诊断手段。     

超声造影结合粗针活检诊断甲状腺结节的临床应用价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨超声造影结合粗针活检诊断甲状腺结节的临床应用价值。方法 回顾超声造影结合超声引导下粗针活检(core-needle biopsy, CNB)诊断甲状腺结节81例患者共89个结节的超声检查资料和粗针活检病理资料,最后与手术病理结果对照分析。结果 超声造影诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感性为86.7%、特异性为95.8%、准确性为91.0%。超声引导下粗针活检取材成功率100%,与手术病理结果符合率98.9%。结论 超声造影技术诊断甲状腺结节具有较高的临床价值,结合应用超声引导下粗针穿刺活检可全面准确、安全、简便的诊断甲状腺疾病,值得在临床加以推广应用。     

输尿管镜活检术在不典型泌尿系结核诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨输尿管镜活检术在不典型泌尿系结核诊断中的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析11例泌尿系结核患者的临床资料及其应用输尿管镜活检术诊断的结果,并与同期进行的尿沉渣抗酸杆菌检测和泌尿系影像学检查结果进行比较。结果所有的患者均加行输尿管镜活检术,结果11例中有8例活检病理诊断证实为输尿管结核或结核性膀胱炎,诊断阳性率为72.72%,高于同期的尿沉渣抗酸杆菌检查诊断的4例(36.37%阳性率)和泌尿系影像学检查诊断的6例(54.54%阳性率);11例中还有3例输尿管镜活检术诊断为输尿管黏膜慢性炎症,考虑患肾已无功能,最后均予患肾及部分输尿管切除,术后病理证实为泌尿系结核。所有输尿管镜活检术后的病例均无严重并发症发生。结论输尿管镜活检不失为一种有效、较特异和安全的诊断泌尿系结核的方法之一。     

Stereotactic biopsy in the diagnosis of brain masses: comparison of results of biopsy and resected surgical specimen

We report the pathological accuracy of image-directed stereotactic brain biopsy in 30 patients who had mass lesions of the brain and subsequently underwent resection of the mass. The histological diagnosis at stereotactic biopsy was appropriate for direction of clinical management in 28 of 30 patients. Correlation between the stereotactic and resection diagnoses was exact in 19 of 30 cases. These included 11 of 12 nonastrocytic neoplasms and 8 of 13 astrocytic neoplasms. Correlation was imperfect in 9 of 30 cases, but not to the extent of having significant clinical impact. These included 2 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma that were upgraded to glioblastoma multiforme, 2 cases of astrocytoma that had a significant oligodendroglial component, and 5 non-neoplastic lesions that were reported on biopsy as showing nonspecific reactive changes. In 2 of 30 patients, the stereotactic biopsy was not accurate. This included one patient who had glioblastoma multiforme whose stereotactic biopsy showed only necrotic tissue. Serious diagnostic error that resulted in clinical mismanagement occurred in one patient who had a pineal germinoma that had large areas of granulomatous inflammation at which the stereotactic biopsy was directed. This study provides evidence that, with careful target placement, stereotactic biopsy can provide biopsy material that represents the entire lesion with an accuracy that is sufficient for clinical management.     

鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的临床研究

目的：探讨鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的临床效果。方法将本院2010年3月~2013年3月收治的110例慢性鼻窦炎患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各55例,对照组给予传统的鼻外径路手术治疗,观察组给予鼻内镜手术治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效和并发症发生情况。结果对照组患者的总有效率为87.3%,明显低于观察组的94.5%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。对照组患者的总并发症发生率为5.45%,明显低于观察组的14.54%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论鼻内镜治疗慢性鼻窦炎的临床效果显著,并发症发生率低。     

A prospective study of the value of core needle biopsy and fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of soft tissue masses.

We prospectively sampled 38 large soft tissue masses in 37 patients with both core needle biopsy (CNBX) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to determine the diagnostic utility of these biopsy methods. In 27 cases the histologic diagnosis made from the resected specimen was compared with the diagnosis based on the biopsy. CNBX correctly identified 16 of 16 malignant sarcomas and 10 of 11 benign masses (one was indeterminate). The grade of the sarcoma was determined correctly in every case. There were no false malignant or false benign CNBX diagnoses. FNA correctly classified 12 of 14 malignant sarcomas and four of 11 benign lesions. Diagnoses based on FNA were limited by a high proportion of samples, especially from benign lesions, that were inadequate for definitive diagnosis and by an inability to grade many malignant sarcomas. There were no significant complications resulting from the biopsies. We conclude that CNBX is a highly accurate, easily performed method for the diagnosis of large soft tissue masses that can be accomplished with minimal morbidity.     

Value of random endoscopic biopsy in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma in situ

The data obtained from 2,272 random biopsies performed on cystocopically normal mucosa in 457 cases of primary bladder tumors, that did not undergo any previous treatment, are present. Dysplasia was found in 119 cases (26.04%) and carcinoma in situ in 100 cases (21.88%). The relationship between cancer in situ and tumoral grade was: G1, 4 of 76 (5.26%); G2, 33 of 225 (14.66%), and G3, 58 of 152 (38.16%). The relationship between cancer in situ and tumoral stage for superficial tumors (pTa-pT1) was 52 of 314 (16.56%), and for deep tumors (pT2, pT3, pT4), 42 of 109 (38.53%). In this least group of 109 cases, 53 cystectomies were performed and the diagnosis obtained by random biopsy and mapping of the surgical sample were correlated. A coincidence in both techniques was found in 77.36% of the cases.     

The diagnostic value of image guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy in equivocal mediastinal masses

Background and aims The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of image guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in equivocal mediastinal masses.Patients Sixty-six patients with an equivocal mediastinal mass who underwent FNA biopsy between 1993 and 2003 were eligible for final analysis. The cytological and definitive diagnosis of masses were grouped as primary 22 (33%)−30 (46%) and secondary (metastatic) neoplasms 18 (27%)−18 (27%) and nonneoplastic lesions 20 (30%)−18 (%27) respectively.Results The diagnostic accuracy (%95 C.I.) of FNA biopsy for primary mediastinal neoplasms, secondary neoplasms and nonneoplastic lesions were found to be 93.3 (83.8–98.2)%, 100 (95.1–100)%, 93.3 (83.8–98.2)%, respectively.Conclusion Image guided percutaneous FNA biopsy is a safe and highly accurate diagnostic method for equivocal mediastinal masses.     

经皮内镜胃造瘘和小肠造瘘术的临床应用价值

目的 探讨经皮内镜胃造瘘术（PEG）和经皮内镜小肠造瘘术（PEJ）的临床应用价值。方法 总结分析1996年6月至2005年4月121例患者予以PEG和PEJ治疗的临床资料。结果 121例患者共行PEG、PEG加PEJ 134例次，其中90例（103例次）PEG胃肠营养（13例行造瘘管置换）；31例行PEG胃肠减压加PEJ小肠内营养；手术成功率100％。所有患者造瘘管置入后营养迅速恢复，停止静脉补液。4例患者出现造瘘管周围皮下感染。平均随访10个月无严重并发症发生。结论 PEG和PEJ是作为胃肠减压和肠内营养替代鼻饲的一种新的治疗方法，具有安全、并发症少的优点，如有条件应当选用。     

用内镜行下肢静脉交通支结扎术的临床应用价值

目的 :探讨内镜下下肢静脉交通支结扎术 (SEPS)的临床应用价值。方法 :分析下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全伴溃疡 13例患者经内镜行静脉交通支结扎术的临床资料。结果 :筋膜下行内镜下肢静脉交通支结扎术 13例 ,平均手术时间 32min ,12条肢体溃疡在术后 6周内愈合 ,1例未愈 ,经植皮 6周后愈合。结论 :筋膜下经内镜下肢静脉交通支结扎术 ,具有安全有效、住院时间短和患者康复快等优点 ,有望替代传统开放手术     

彩色多普勒超声引导下粗针穿刺活检在涎腺肿块中的应用

目的分析彩色多普勒超声引导下粗针穿刺活检在涎腺肿块中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析56例涎腺肿块经彩色多普勒超声引导下粗针穿刺活检资料。活检病理诊断结果如果为恶性可定为真阳性;如果为良性或未见恶性,结合其他影像学检查并临床随访6个月以上最终确定诊断。计算穿刺活检的成功率、敏感度和特异度,并比较涎腺良、恶性肿块穿刺前的彩色多普勒超声表现。结果彩色多普勒引导下粗针穿刺活检的56例涎腺肿块,穿刺次数1~3次。确诊良性病灶32例,恶性肿瘤23例;1例穿刺病理诊断不明确,后经切除活检确诊为B细胞淋巴瘤。穿刺成功率、敏感度、特异度和假阴性率分别为98.21%(55/56)、95.83%(23/24)、100%(32/32)、4.17%(1/24)。无严重并发症发生。56例良恶性涎腺肿块彩色多普勒超声表现中,肿块的边界、形态、回声均匀性、包膜完整性和血流分级差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论彩超引导下粗针穿刺活检具有安全、准确、并发症少的优点,可避免不必要的手术,对涎腺病变的诊断有重要作用。     

Periprostatic local anesthesia eliminates pain of office-based transrectal prostate biopsy

Up to 96% of patient who undergo prostate biopsy report pain. We performed periprostatic local anesthesia injection in an effort to improve patient acceptance of prostate biopsy. Sixty patients were randomized to receive either local injection of lidocaine in the periprostatic nerves or no anesthetic. Lidocaine was injected through a 7-inch spinal needle placed through a transrectal ultrasound biopsy guide. Ten-core biopsies were immediately performed. Following biopsy, all patients gave a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessment of their pain experienced during biopsy.A majority of patients reported Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores in the moderate (28.6%) or severe (28.6%) ranges unless local anesthesia was given. Only one of 27 patients (3.7%) receiving local anesthetic reported moderate pain, and none reported severe pain. Mean VAS pain scores were 1.4 in the anesthetic group and 4.5 in the control group (P<0.0001). No difficulty was encountered from scarring in the five patients who underwent nerve spring radical retropubic prostatectomy following local anesthetic injection. Periprostatic injection of local anesthetic essentially eliminates pain from prostate biopsy. Nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy is not more difficult as a result.