肩袖损伤关节镜修复术后的康复临床研究

目的:分析肩袖损伤关节镜修复术后系统康复的治疗效果。方法:应用关节镜下修补术治疗肩袖损伤的患者60例。选择术后能够坚持来我院进行系统锻炼的患者为康复组,仅进行出院或门诊指导的患者作为对照组,每组30例,根据国际认可康复流程进行指导。使用美国肩肘医师协会评分(ASES)、加州大学肩关节评分系统(UCLA)和视觉模拟评分(VAS)对患者术前和术后6个月时的肩关节功能进行评价,分别对两组患者术后7周、3个月和6个月时的主动前屈和体侧外旋角度进行测量。结果:两组患者ASES及UCLA评分术前无明显差异(P>0.05);术后6个月与术前相比有显著改变(P<0.05),且两项评分康复组均高于对照组(P<0.05);VAS评分术前无差异(P>0.05),术后较术前均有明显改善(P<0.05);术后7周、3个月和6个月时肩关节的主动活动度,康复组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:关节镜下肩袖修补术可以有效治疗肩关节功能障碍,对术后患者进行系统和个体化的康复训练,可以有效恢复患者肩关节的功能,提高治疗效果。     

关节镜下肩袖间隙滑移技术在巨大肩袖撕裂中的应用

目的观察关节镜下使用肩袖间隙滑移技术修补巨大肩袖撕裂的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选取2015年1月至2019年3月北京市平谷区医院收治的巨大肩袖撕裂患者42例,按照手术方式不同将患者分为切开修复组和关节镜修复组,每组各21例。切开修复组患者使用改良切开修复巨大肩袖撕裂,关节镜修复组患者使用关节镜下肩袖滑移技术修复巨大肩袖。记录并比较患者术前情况,包括患者的VAS评分、肩关节UCLA评分、肩关节Constant-Murley评分、肩袖受伤情况、受伤至手术的时间等。所有患者术后3个月和6个月门诊随访,记录并比较两组患者VAS评分、肩关节UCLA评分、肩关节Constant-Murley评分和末次随访患者满意度评分以评价两种手术疗效。结果两组患者术前各观察指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月关节镜修复组VAS评分、肩关节UCLA评分和肩关节Constant-Murley评分分别是4.9±1.2分、29.1±4.5分和72.4±13.9分,而切开修复组上述指标分别为6.3±1.6分、21.7±3.9分和61.8±10.6分。关节镜修复组患者的疼痛VAS评分低于切开修复组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);关节镜修复组患者的肩关节UCLA评分和肩关节Constant-Murley评分均高于切开修复组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,关节镜修复组VAS评分、肩关节UCLA评分和肩关节Constant-Murley评分分别是3.7±1.3分、32.6±4.7分和82.1±10.8分,而切开修复组上述指标分别为3.9±1.4分、32.8±4.5分和81.5±11.3分,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后末次随访时,关节镜修复组患者的满意度评分(84.3±15.1分)显著高于切开修复组(72.9±12.3分),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下肩袖间隙滑移技术能够有效地修复巨大肩袖撕裂,比切开肩袖修复巨大肩袖撕裂术后康复得更快。     

本体感觉训练对肩袖损伤术后关节功能恢复的疗效观察

目的:探讨本体感觉训练对肩袖损伤术后肩关节功能恢复的临床疗效。方法:将50例肩袖损伤关节镜术后患者按随机分组法分为本体感觉训练组(观察组)和常规治疗组(对照组)各25例。2组患者均采用常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上增加本体感觉训练。2组患者于治疗前、治疗4及8周采用Constant-Murley肩关节功能(CMS)评分评定肩关节功能,采用功能独立性测量(FIM)中的"自理能力"评估其独立能力。结果:治疗8周后,2组患者FIM评分均较治疗前明显提高(P0.05),且观察组更高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗4及8周后,2组患者CMS总分及各分项目评分均较治疗前呈逐渐上升趋势(均P0.05);治疗4周后,2组CMS评分中疼痛、外展和肌力比较无显著性差异,日常活动功能、关节活动范围(前屈、外旋、内旋)及CMS总分比较均有显著性差异(均P0.05);治疗8周后,观察组CMS总分及各分项目评分均明显高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:本体感觉训练结合常规康复训练对肩关节镜术后患者肩关节功能的恢复效果优于常规治疗,可有效改善肩关节功能,值得临床推广。     

Comparison of scapular upward rotation during arm elevation in the scapular plane in healthy volunteers and patients with rotator cuff tears pre- and post-surgery

BackgroundFunction loss caused by rotator cuff tears alters the scapular orientation, however, few prior studies have reported on scapular movements after rotator cuff repair. The purpose was to determine the scapular orientations before and after rotator cuff repair.MethodsWe recruited 14 healthy controls, 10 small and six massive rotator cuff tear in patients. The scapular upward rotation during arm elevation was analyzed using fluoroscopic imaging.FindingsBefore surgery, both rotator cuff groups demonstrated greater scapular upward rotation compared to healthy controls. Two months postoperation, the analyses showed significant differences between the patients with small rotator cuff tears and healthy controls at arm elevations of 90°, and between patients with both rotator cuff tear groups and healthy controls at arm elevations of 120°. At five months post-operation, significant differences still existed between the healthy controls and both rotator cuff groups. In regard to the temporal effects in the patients with small rotator cuff tears, the scapular upward rotation decreased significantly over time (2–5 months postoperation) at arm elevations of 120°. We did not identify a main effect owing to time in the patients with massive rotator cuff tears.InterpretationIn patients with small rotator cuff tears, scapular upward rotation was reduced over the period of 2–5 months postoperation, however, the patients with massive rotator cuff tears showed greater scapular upward rotation throughout the experimental period. The results suggested that the execution of the rehabilitation program should consider that the tear size could affect scapular motion.     

Autologous platelet rich plasma for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. A pilot study

Background and purpose. Arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears can produce excellent results. The application of platelet rich plasma during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is safe, and produces results which do not deteriorate over time.

Methods. A total of 14 patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff tear received an intra-operative application of autologous platelet rich plasma in combination with an autologous thrombin component after tear repair. Following the procedure, patients were given a standardized rehabilitation protocol, and followed for 24 months. Outcome measures included a pain score (VAS) as well as functional scoring (UCLA and Constant scores).

Results. Of the original 14 patients, 13 were seen at a final follow-up appointment 24 months after the index operation. Patients demonstrated a significant decrease in VAS scores and significant increases in the UCLA and Constant scores at 6, 12 and 24-month follow-ups compared to a pre-operative score.

Conclusion. No adverse events related to this application were noted during the procedure. The application of platelet rich plasma during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is safe and effective, and produces results which seem to be stable with time. A prospective randomized investigation will be necessary to ascertain the efficacy of platelet rich plasma application to improve or expedite the surgical outcome following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.     

关节镜下缝线桥技术治疗老年创伤性肩关节脱位合并肩袖损伤的疗效评价

目的比较关节镜下缝线桥技术肩袖修补与保守方法治疗老年创伤性肩关节脱位合并肩袖损伤的疗效。方法前瞻性研究2010年8月-2013年8月采用关节镜下缝线桥技术肩袖修补或保守方法治疗老年创伤性肩关节脱位合并肩袖损伤患者共63例,根据患者治疗方法将其分为关节镜下缝线桥技术肩袖修补治疗组(手术组)和保守方法治疗组(对照组)。手术组完整随访30例,男16例,女14例;年龄66~83岁,平均74.5岁;参照DEORIO和COFIELD的分级标准,中撕裂27例,大撕裂3例。对照组完整随访30例,男17例,女13例;年龄65~82岁,平均74.2岁;参照DEORIO和COFIELD的分级标准,中撕裂27例,大撕裂3例。比较两组患者分组时、治疗1年后视觉模拟评分(VAS)、关节活动范围、简明肩关节功能测试(SST)评分、欧洲肩关节协会的Constant肩关节评分,并记录随访期间肩关节脱位复发例数。结果 60例患者获得至少1年的完整随访,手术组30例,对照组30例。分组时两组患者VAS评分、肩关节活动范围、SST评分、Constant评分组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);随访1年时手术组患者的VAS评分、肩关节活动范围、SST评分和Constant评分均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访期间手术组无肩关节脱位复发,对照组5例发生肩关节脱位复发,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用关节镜下缝线桥技术肩袖修补治疗合并肩袖中、大型撕裂的老年创伤性肩关节脱位患者,可以明显改善患者肩关节功能,降低肩关节脱位复发率,长期随访结果有待进一步研究。     

兔肩袖损伤模型的建立及初步组织学研究

背景:兔的冈上肌形态及结构与人类相仿,在组织学上,兔肩袖肌腱包括与人类相似的由肌腱到骨的移行区域,可用于腱-骨愈合的研究。目的:建立兔的肩袖损伤模型,探讨此模型的可行性并进行肩袖愈合的初步组织学研究。方法:18只骨骼成熟雄性新西兰大耳白兔,建立肩袖损伤模型后随机数字表法均分为2组:修复组造模后1周行腱-骨缝合;对照组不予修复。分别于造模后2,4,8周对冈上肌标本进行切片及苏木精-伊红染色,观察冈上肌的脂肪浸润情况和腱-骨愈合情况。结果与结论:兔冈上肌的解剖结构和组织结构均与人类相似,肩袖损伤模型建立和手术修复的操作过程可重复性高。两组均未观察到明显的冈上肌脂肪浸润和萎缩变性。修复组在8周时形成了新的冈上肌止点,对照组则无新止点形成。说明急性冈上肌损伤修复后8周可形成新止点,兔是建立肩袖损伤模型的合适动物并适用于肩袖疾病的研究。     

肩关节镜下肩袖修复术治疗肩袖损伤的临床效果

目的探讨肩关节镜下肩袖修复术治疗肩袖损伤的临床效果。方法将我院2018年2月至2019年2月收治的52例肩袖损伤患者随机分为对照组(26例,开放式肩袖修复术)和观察组(26例,全肩关节镜下肩袖修复术)。比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗后,两组的肩关节前屈、内旋、外旋活动度及Constant-Muley肩关节评分均增加,数字评估量表(NRS)评分均降低,且观察组显著优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的治疗优良率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论肩关节镜下肩袖修复术治疗肩袖损伤的临床效果显著,能够有效减轻患者疼痛,加快患者术后肩关节功能的恢复,值得临床推广应用。     

A Systematic Comparison on Postoperative Analgesia Effect Between Subacromial and Intravenous Analgesia Pumps for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

PurposeArthroscopic rotator cuff repair is often associated with severe postoperative pain. Various agents, routes, and modes are used for the treatment of postoperative pain with a minimum of side effects. This systematic work was conducted to compare the postoperative effect of subacromial patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery.DesignA systematic review of relevant studies were retrieved from electronic databases and included based on criteria and eligibility.MethodsThe articles were retrieved from 1997 to 2018 by computerized searches of Scopus, PubMed, and EMBASE using different combinations of search terms, such as shoulder, rotator cuff, analgesic, analgesia, arthroscopic, pain, cuff repair, rotator cuff repair, acromion, and intravenous.FindingsA total of 10 articles were included in this study from the initial search of 778 records. Compared with subacromial procedure, the intravenous procedure helps in reducing the postoperative pain but with more side effects.ConclusionsThis study described that the direct continuous infusion of anesthetic under subacromial analgesic pump showed a greater pain relief with less side effects compared with intravenous infusion for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.     

肩袖损伤与关节镜手术后康复

肩袖损伤是肩关节的多发病。关节镜下肩袖缝合术因具有创伤小、恢复快的优点而成为目前治疗肩袖损伤的主要方法之一。术后肩关节康复亦是手术成功的关键。     

体外冲击波对于肩袖修补术后患者功能恢复的疗效观察

目的：观察行肩关节镜下肩袖修补术的患者在术后康复训练的基础上配合使用体外冲击波治疗（ESWT）的临床效果。方法：此项研究选取肩袖损伤诊断明确且保守治疗无效的患者共计68例，随机分为观察组和对照组，每组34例。2组患者术后0～12周分3个阶段行制动康复训练、保护康复训练、增强康复训练。2组患者均采用被动功能训练，观察组同时增加体外冲击波辅助治疗。分别于患者术前、术后3周、6周及12周采用UCLASS评分、Constant评分、VAS评分和ROM评分评估患肩功能恢复情况。结果：术后3周、6周及12周，2组分别与组内术前比较，UCLASS、constant及ROM评分均有显著提高（P＜0.05），VAS评分显著降低（P＜0.05），术后3周、6周及12周，2组各评分行组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：对于肩关节镜下行肩袖修补术的患者在术后康复训练的基础上早期提供规律的体外冲击波治疗能够显著改善患者的患侧肩关节功能恢复情况，另外在缓解疼痛方面疗效显著。     

关节镜下改良压配式双排缝合技术治疗肩袖大型撕裂早期疗效分析

目的评价关节镜下改良压配式(Improved-press-fit)双排缝合(DR)技术治疗肩袖大型撕裂的早期临床疗效。方法回顾分析2013年12月-2014年11月,采用关节镜下Improved-press-fit DR技术治疗52例大型肩袖全层撕裂患者。其中,男20例,女32例,平均年龄65.6岁(51~76岁),术后肩外展6周固定,允许早期被动活动度训练,在治疗前后分别采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、肩关节前屈和体侧外旋角度(ROM)、美国加州大学洛杉矶分校肩关节评分(UCLA)及美国肩肘外科评分标准(ASES)进行疗效评价,观察术后6个月时功能恢复情况,并与术前相应指标进行比较。结果术后平均随访10.9个月(6~17个月),患者术后6个月时VAS疼痛评分(1.6±0.9)分,前屈上举(145.6±10.7)°,体侧外旋(30.8±8.5)°,UCLA评分(32.3±3.5)分,ASES评分(81.8±8.7)分,较术前均明显好转,所有评价指标差异有统计学意义(P0.05),随访期间无肩袖再撕裂发生。结论关节镜下Improved-press-fit DR技术治疗大型肩袖全层撕裂安全有效,与缝合桥技术相比可减少置钉数,缩短手术时间,操作简便,是一种简单、经济的缝合方法。     

REHABILITATION AFTER ARTHROSCOPIC ROTATOR CUFF REPAIR: CURRENT CONCEPTS REVIEW AND EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDELINES

Purpose:

To provide an overview of the characteristics and timing of rotator cuff healing and provide an update on treatments used in rehabilitation of rotator cuff repairs. The authors'' protocol of choice, used within a large sports medicine rehabilitation center, is presented and the rationale behind its implementation is discussed.

Background:

If initial nonsurgical treatment of a rotator cuff tear fails, surgical repair is often the next line of treatment. It is evident that a successful outcome after surgical rotator cuff repair is as much dependent on surgical technique as it is on rehabilitation. To this end, rehabilitation protocols have proven challenging to both the orthopaedic surgeon and the involved physical therapist. Instead of being based on scientific rationale, traditionally most rehabilitation protocols are solely based on clinical experience and expert opinion.

Methods:

A review of currently available literature on rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff tear repair on PUBMED / MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed to illustrate the available evidence behind various postoperative treatment modalities.

Results:

There is little high-level scientific evidence available to support or contest current postoperative rotator cuff rehabilitation protocols. Most existing protocols are based on clinical experience with modest incorporation of scientific data.

Conclusion:

Little scientific evidence is available to guide the timing of postsurgical rotator cuff rehabilitation. To this end, expert opinion and clinical experience remains a large facet of rehabilitation protocols. This review describes a rotator cuff rehabilitation protocol that incorporates currently available scientific literature guiding rehabilitation.     

Online Information About the Effectiveness of Shoulder Surgery Is Not Based on the Best Available Evidence: A Content Analysis

ObjectiveTo summarize the proportion of consumer webpages on subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair surgery that make an accurate portrayal of the evidence for these operations (primary outcome), mention the benefits and harms of surgery, outline alternatives to surgery, and make various surgical recommendations.DesignContent analysis.SettingOnline consumer information about subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair surgery. Webpages were identified through (1) Google searches using terms synonymous with “shoulder pain” and “shoulder surgery” and searching “orthopedic surgeon” linked to each Australian capital city and (2) websites of relevant professional associations (eg, Australian Orthopaedic Association). Two reviewers independently identified webpages and extracted data.ParticipantsNot applicable.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresWhether the webpage made an accurate portrayal of the evidence for subacromial decompression or rotator cuff repair surgery (primary outcome), mentioned benefits and harms of surgery, outlined alternatives to surgery, and made various surgical recommendations (eg, delay surgery). Outcome data were summarized using counts and percentages.ResultsA total of 155 webpages were analyzed (n=89 on subacromial decompression, n=90 on rotator cuff repair, n=24 on both). Only 18% (n=16) and 4% (n=4) of webpages made an accurate portrayal of the evidence for subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair surgery, respectively. For subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair, respectively, 85% (n=76) and 80% (n=72) of webpages mentioned benefits, 38% (n=34) and 47% (n=42) mentioned harms, 94% (n=84) and 92% (n=83) provided alternatives to surgery, and 63% (n=56) and 62% (n=56) recommended delayed surgery (the most common recommendation).ConclusionsMost online information about subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair surgery does not accurately portray the best available evidence for surgery and may be inadequate to inform patient decision making.     

急性肩袖损伤早期修复过程中不同强度应力刺激的生物力学反应

背景:持续应力刺激已经证明可以促进肩袖损伤的修复,实验尝试在肩袖损伤修复的全过程中进一步量化应力刺激的强度,寻求到达更好的治疗效果.目的:观察不同强度应力刺激在急性肩袖损伤后修复过程中的生物力学表现.方法:取成年雄性新西兰大白兔36只,随机分为大强度实验组、小强度实验组和对照组,每组12只.将冈上肌腱于大结节止点处横断后原位缝合(隧道法),建立兔冈上肌腱损伤模型.术后石膏绷带制动1周后,采用关节持续被动器(CPM)进行功能锻炼,大强度训练组活动范围为-60°～60°,小强度训练组活动范围为-15°～15°,术后第2周,隔天训练,10 min/次;第3周开始每天训练,10 min/次;第4周15 min/次.对照组自由活动.于术后2,3,4,周每组各取4只动物取材,分别比较冈上肌腱-骨界面的刚度和最大抗拉强度的变化.结果与结论:各时间观察,小强度训练组的最大抗拉强度和刚度均明显强对照组和大强度训练组(P＜0.05),大强度训练组最大抗拉强度和刚度最弱,各组断裂点均存肌腱缝合处.结构表明,小强度应力刺激在急性肩袖损伤早期修复中效果较佳,而大强度应力刺激在急性肩袖损伤早期修复中起损伤作用.     

超声在肩袖撕裂诊疗中的研究进展雷惠岚1 ,袁红梅*1

肩袖撕裂是一种临床常见疾病,部分患者可以无症状。超声检查对肩袖肌腱撕裂具有较高的诊断准确性,可在术前对撕裂类型、撕裂大小、预后等进行评估,术后对修复的完整性、并发症等进行评估,以及超声新技术在诊断和治疗方面所具有的独特优势,使超声检查在临床工作中的应用越来越广泛。因此,本文就超声在肩袖撕裂的诊断、撕裂修复手术前后以及超声新技术的研究进展进行综述。     

Physical therapist management following rotator cuff repair for a patient with postpolio syndrome

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Postpoliomyelitis sequelae, such as gait instability and progressive weakness, predispose people with postpolio syndrome to secondary disabilities. With aging, people who depend on their upper extremities to accommodate lower-extremity deficits may anticipate overuse injuries. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of mobilization and exercise in postoperative rehabilitation of rotator cuff surgery on a patient with postpolio syndrome. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 48-year-old woman with postpolio syndrome had rotator cuff surgical repair followed by physical therapy intervention. Maitland mobilization and mild functional exercises were chosen to avoid triggering fatigue. OUTCOMES: Measurements taken preoperatively, before and after physical therapy intervention, and 2 years after intervention showed return to independent status with excellent retention. DISCUSSION: No fatigue or overuse weakness was encountered. This is the first case report to document physical therapy following rotator cuff repair in a patient with postpolio syndrome.     

Transoss?re Nahttechnik bei kompletten Rotatorenmanschettenrupturen

In recent years arthroscopic techniques for rotator cuff repair have been successfully developed with technically advanced implants and biomechanically matured suture configurations. Suture anchors have been established as the standard treatment. We describe a special technique for arthroscopic transosseous rotator cuff repair using a hollow needle with simultaneous perforation of tendon and bone. Isolated articular-sided partial or full-thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon without advanced tendon retraction represent ideal indications. In a prospective cohort study 41 patients with arthroscopic transosseous repair of full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears were followed up clinically and radiologically using indirect MR arthrography after an average of 45 months. The Constant score improved from 53 to 84 points. In 5 cases a re-rupture was present at follow-up with only 1 patient complaining of poor shoulder function. The arthroscopic transosseous rotator cuff repair represents a reliable alternative to the established techniques using suture anchors or knotless implants with comparable clinical and radiological results. The biological and economical advantages exceed the flat learning curve.     

急性创伤致肩袖撕裂的超声诊断

目的探讨肩袖撕裂的超声特征，评价超声检查肩袖撕裂的应用价值。方法对33例急性创伤后疑诊肩袖损伤者行超声检查，并与磁共振、肩关节造影或手术结果进行比较。结果肩袖撕裂的超声主要表现为：肩袖不显示，肩袖部分缺失，肩袖内局灶性异常回声，肩袖局部变薄。超声诊断的敏感性92％(22／24)，特异性82％(9／11)，准确性94％(31／33)。结论超声诊断肩袖撕裂有较高的应用价值，可作为急性肩部创伤而X线检查正常患者的首选检查方法。