Gas-forming liver abscess following transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization for an iatrogenic intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm: Report of a case

We herein describe a case of a gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess following transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (THAE) for an iatrogenic intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm in a 74-year-old woman. Hemobilia developed 19 days after percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage was performed for the purpose of percutaneous cholangioscopic lithotripsy for the treatment of post-gastrectomy choledo-cholithiasis. Celiac arteriography disclosed a saccular aneurysm in the right hepatic artery. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully occluded by THAE with gelatin powder and a stainless steel coil of the Gianturco type. Ten days after successful THAE, abdominal computed tomography revealed a gas-containing cavity, which suggested the presence of a gas-forming abscess, in the posterior hepatic segment, and percutaneous transhepatic abscess drainage was performed. Thus, impaired hepatic perfusion following effective THAE and coexisting cholangitis may play an important role in the development of a gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess.     

原发性肝癌术后肝动脉栓塞化疗对防治复发的临床价值

目的探讨术后经胆管肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）对肝癌切除术后防治复发的作用。方法2000年1月～2003年1月间天津医科大学肿瘤医院肝胆外科对561例原发性肝癌患者行手术切除治疗，其中113例患者为观察组（A组），术后接受了TACE防治复发，每3周1次，共行4次；其余448例未行TACE治疗者作为对照组（B组）。结果A、B两组在性别、年龄、Child—pugh分级、术中失血量及其他临床病理学特征差异均无显著性。A、B两组的1年无瘤生存率分别为81．8％和80．9％，无明显差别；2年无瘤生存率为73．5％和67．8％，A组虽较B组高但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；3年无瘤生存率为65.5％和49．2％，相比较具明显统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论术后规律行TACE可以增加肝癌患者术后的无瘤生存率。     

Hepatocellular carcinoma with adjacent organ extension: The enhancement of preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization and the results of surgical resection

A review was conducted on 93 patients with hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent a collective total of 98 resections. A total of 24 hepatic resections were performed on 22 patients who had a serosa-exposed tumor (group A), for which combined resection of the adjacent organs was also required due to gross tumor invasion. The tumors of the group A patients were larger, had a higher incidence of intrahepatic vascular involvement, and were in a more advanced stage than those of the other patients (group B). Nevertheless, there were no differences in operative morbidity and mortality between the two groups. Only ten of the group A patients, who each underwent one operation, had concomitantly resected adjacent organs histologically invaded by HCC, while histological examination revealed adhesions in the remaining surgical specimens of concomitantly resected adjacent organs. More of the group A patients had undergone a preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), which may enhance the histological invasion of HCC to the adjacent organs. The median survival times of the group A and B patients were 15.3 months and 40.1 months, respectively (P < 0.05), although whether the concomitantly resected organs were truly invaded by HCC did not influence the prognosis. Thus, en bloc combined resection of HCC-invaded adjacent organs is still advocated even for recurrent tumors; however, for serosa-exposed HCC after TAE, earlier resection is recommended whenever possible to avoid invasion of the adjacent organs.     

肝动脉栓塞后门静脉对肝癌细胞的营养观察

目的　对肝动脉栓塞后 ,门静脉分支对肝癌的营养情况进行观察。方法　将BrdU注入2 5例肝癌病人将被切除肝段的门静脉分支内 ,标本用BrdU单克隆抗体进行免疫组化染色 ,然后用标记指数 (LI)分析 ,同时检测被标记的S期细胞分布。结果　TAE病人的LI值比没有TAE的病人高 6倍 ,有显著差异 (P <0 0 0 1) ,标记的细胞不仅分布在肿瘤的周边部分 ,还分布在中心部分。结论　在TAE后的阶段 ,门静脉对残存的肝癌的血供发挥主要的作用 ,肝癌切除后的化疗不仅通过肝动脉而且应通过门静脉。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝细胞癌疗效分析

目的分析肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合射频消融术(RFA)治疗原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)的临床疗效及安全性。方法 HCC患者76例,随机分为两组,对照组31例,采用肝切除术;观察组45例,采用TACE联合RFA治疗。比较两组患者治疗3个月后的甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3(GPC3)血清水平及2年的生存率,并记录并发症的发生情况。结果两组患者经治疗后血清中AFP、CEA、GPC3水平明显下降,治疗前、后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组问AFP、CEA、GPC3水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组2年生存率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后3个月生活质量均比术前有所提高(P0.05),并且观察组比对照组提高更明显[(8.82±0.98)比(7.04±1.24),P0.05]。结论 TACE联合RFA能有效治疗HCC,疗效与肝切除术相当,但可以提高生活质量并减少手术创伤。     

原发性肝癌TACE后二期切除的研究进展

原发性肝癌能够手术切除者占20%左右,近年由于经动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)等局部介入治疗技术的发展,使不能切除的肝癌缩小后行二期切除逐渐成为一个鲜明特色,并取得满意疗效.目前,手术切除仍被认为是肝癌治疗首选,同时确立了"以手术为主综合治疗"的原则,以TACE为代表的微创介入技术是提高疗效的重要环节.本文旨在对TACE在不能切除肝癌治疗中的机制、作用与意义进行再认识,并对TACE后二期切除的时机与指征、手术方式的选择和影响二期切除预后的因素进行综述.     

肝动脉插管化疗栓塞联合选择性门静脉栓塞后手术切除治疗大肝癌的安全性和有效性观察

目的:初步探讨经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)联合选择性门静脉栓塞(SPVE)后手术切除治疗大肝癌的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性收集解放军总医院第六医学中心肝胆外科2016年1月至2019年12月完成的17例TACE联合SPVE治疗的大肝癌患者临床资料,其中男性15例,女性2例,年龄(59.17±10.30)岁...     

Survival after transarterial embolization for spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma

Objectives  To examine the survival of patients with spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial embolization (TAE). Methods and materials  Patients diagnosed with spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma treated with TAE were retrospectively studied. Hospital records were reviewed and data were collected and analyzed from the years 2000–2006. A total of 62 patients who had been diagnosed with spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma were managed in our hospital during this period. Results  All 62 patients (who had been diagnosed with ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma and were managed in our hospital) patients were treated with TAE, with a success rate of 91% (57/62). Early mortality (within 30 days after rupture) was 38%. Factors that were associated with early mortality were old age, low hemoglobin at presentation, elevated bilirubin at presentation, prolonged prothrombin time at presentation (INR > 1.3), low albumin level at presentation, and unsuccessful embolization. A low albumin level was the only independent risk factor for early mortality. The overall median survival time was 39 days. Surgical resections were possible in seven patients. Their cumulative survival was significantly longer (P = 0.002) than that of patients managed with non-operative treatment after embolization. Conclusion  Transarterial embolization (TAE) can achieve good hemostasis, though low albumin level, which reflects poor liver reserve, may predict early mortality. Portal vein thrombosis should not be regarded as an absolute contraindication for TAE. Staged surgical resection after embolization is safe and produces a good survival outcome.     

Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with precirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis successfully treated by a right hepatic lobectomy: Report of a case

We report herein the case of a 69-year-old woman in whom hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in the precirrhotic phase of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) was successfully managed by a right hepatic lobectomy. The patient, who had never received a blood transfusion, had a 4-year history of asymptomatic PBC of Scheuer's histological classification stage II. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass measuring 4.0 cm in the right hepatic lobe, and a right hepatic lobectomy was performed in consideration of her good liver function and the deep location of the tumor in the right lobe. The patient has remained well without any evidence of recurrent disease for 4 years since her operation. A review of the literature revealed only two cases of successful partial hepatectomy, but none of major hepatectomy. Most of the reported cases had been treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and were associated with poor survival. Our experience of this patient indicates the potential value of hepatectomy as an alternative to TAE in selected patients with resectable disease and good hepatic function.     

载药微球在肝细胞肝癌动脉化疗栓塞治疗中的研究进展

目的就近年来国内外4种主流载药微球在肝细胞肝癌(HCC)动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗中的研究进展进行总结。方法对国内外有关4种主流载药微球的理化性质和药代动力学、临床治疗的有效性与安全性进行研究的相关文献进行综述。结果目前市场上主流的载药微球具有药物装载速率高、可持续释放药物的特性,能在一定程度上降低栓塞后不良反应,接受载药微球-TACE治疗的患者比接受传统TACE治疗的患者安全性和耐受性略高,术后未见严重并发症,但两者的近远期疗效差异并不明显。结论目前大多数研究认为载药微球的安全性和耐受性均略高于传统TACE,但是前者的有效性是否优于后者国内外仍存在较大争议,仍需更多高质量多中心随机对照试验来研究证实。     

原发性肝癌肝切除术前经肝动脉化疗栓塞的META分析

目的 可切除原发性肝癌术前TACE对术后生存率影响的系统评价.方法 通过计算机和手工检索,获得1980年1月1日～2008年1月1日发表的可切除原发性肝癌行术前TACE的相关文献.按照人选标准选取合适的临床对照研究进行meta分析.提取纳入文献的相关资料整理后根据meta分析的统计学方法进行合并分析.分别计算术前TACE组(TACE+手术)与对照组(手术)术后1、3年无瘤生存率,并根据异质性分析选择固定效应模型或随机效应模型计算总的治疗效应.结果 有8篇论文的1288例原发性肝癌患者纳入meta分析.1、3年无瘤生存率两组无明显统计学差异.结论 可切除肝癌肝切除术前行TACE并不能改善术后生存率.     

辅助性TACE对腹腔镜解剖性肝切除术后肝癌患者早期肝纤维化的影响

目的 探讨辅助性经导管动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）对腹腔镜解剖性肝切除（LAH）术后肝细胞癌（HCC）患者早期肝纤维化的影响。方法 回顾性分析浙江省人民医院2019年6月至12月接受LAH的HCC患者20例,比较LAH术前与LAH术后1个月、辅助性TACE术后1个月血清肝纤维化四项指标即层粘连蛋白（LN）、透明质酸（HA）、三型前胶原（PCⅢ）和四型胶原（CⅣ）水平,分析辅助性TACE对LAH术后HCC患者早期肝纤维化的影响。并统计患者的早期（2年）无复发生存期（RFS）与总生存期（OS）。结果 同LAH术前相比,LAH术后1个月血清肝纤维化指标无统计学差异,而辅助性TACE术后1个月血清PCⅢ[（53.4±20.8）ng/mL vs (34.3±14.2)ng/mL,P<0.01）]和CⅣ[（45.2±22.9）ng/mL vs (29.7±10.4)ng/mL,P<0.01]水平显著增高。随访至2022年5月,患者1年和2年RFS分别为75%和55%,2年OS为75%。结论 辅助性TACE可能会加重LAH术后HCC患者近期肝纤维化增生。     

经皮肝穿刺射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性小肝细胞癌疗效分析

目的 探讨经皮肝穿刺射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性小肝细胞癌的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年12月我院收治的162例原发性小肝细胞癌的临床资料,其中85例(第一组,共92个病灶)采用经皮肝穿刺射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,77例(第二组,共85个病灶)采用单纯经皮肝穿刺射频消融治疗.结果 第一组肿瘤完全坏死率为96％,1年、3年、5年的生存率及无瘤生存率分别为100％、85.2％、78.7％和87.5％、73.1％、65.7％;而第二组的肿瘤完全坏死率为92％,1年、3年、5年的生存率及无瘤生存率分别为100％、81.3％、72.3％和83.6％、68.7％、57.8％.两组间肿瘤完全坏死率,1年、3年、5年生存率及无瘤生存率的差异皆无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 经皮肝穿刺射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性小肝细胞癌的疗效与单纯采用经皮肝穿刺射频消融方法疗效相近,对于小肝细胞癌而言,单纯采用经皮肝穿刺射频消融方法是安全有效的.     

Middle-colic artery aneurysm associated with segmental arterial mediolysis,successfully managed by transcatheter arterial embolization: Report of a case

An aneurysm of the middle-colic artery, associated with segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM), is a rare condition. This report describes a case of a middle-colic artery aneurysm that was associated with SAM. A 57-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of severe abdominal pain. A rupture of a middle-colic artery aneurysm was diagnosed by computed tomography, and angiography showed that it may have been associated with SAM. The ruptured aneurysm was successfully treated with transcatheter arterial embolization. Transcatheter arterial embolization might be one of the best treatments for such a complicated aneurysm occurring in a visceral artery.     

肝细胞癌TACE术后严重并发症分析

目的 评价经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)的严重并发症。方法回顾分析556例原发性肝癌患者1000次TACE术后出现的近期严重并发症。结果本组TACE包括上消化道大出血3次(0．3％)，肝功能衰竭26例(2.6％)，碘油肺栓塞5例(0．5％)，碘油脑栓塞2例(0．2％)及肝脓肿2例(0．2％)。结论肝癌TACE术后严重并发症直接影响到病人的预后，应重视并预防其发生，给予适当处理。     

基于术前MRI影像组学特征预测肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗的反应性

目的 探索术前MRI影像组学特征预测肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）对经肝动脉化疗栓塞（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE）治疗反应性的可行性。方法 回顾性收集2016年3月至2018年4月经临床或病理确诊、并在温州医科大学附属第五医院接受TACE治疗的中晚期HCC患者86例,采用随机数字表法分为训练组（n=59）及验证组（n=27）,基于ITK-SNAP软件在术前T2WI图像勾画肿瘤感兴趣区,使用GE AI-Kit软件提取影像特征;经最小绝对收缩与选择算子（LASSO）回归筛选最优的特征子集,并构建TACE反应性预测模型;利用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线、校准曲线及决策曲线分析评价模型的诊断效能和临床应用价值。结果 共筛选出8个影像学特征与TACE反应性相关,并成功构建预测模型。训练组中,该模型的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.838（95%CI 0.737～0.939）,灵敏度为74.1%,特异度为84.4%;在验证组中,AUC为0.794（95%CI 0.604～0.985）,灵敏度为75.0%,特异度为80.0%。校准曲线显示该模型在训练组和验证组的预测概率与实际概率拟合较好;决策曲线分析显示该模型在0.1～1.0的阈值范围内具有较高的净收益。结论 术前MRI T2WI图像影像组学特征可用于预测HCC的TACE 反应性,基于MRI T2WI图像影像特征的预测模型特异度和灵敏度较高。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗原发性小肝癌的临床效果

目的 比较肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合射频消融（RFA）、单独RFA、腹腔镜肝切除（LH）三种方式治疗原发性小肝癌（SHCC）的临床疗效。方法 将2013年1月至2016年1月陕西中医药大学附属医院收治的105例SHCC患者随机分为三组：TACE联合RFA组（联合组）、RFA组（消融组）和LH组（腔镜组）,失访8例,有效统计97例,联合组31例、消融组34例及腔镜组32例。比较三组患者术后不同时间点血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体（SIL-2R）和肝细胞生长因子（HGF）的血清含量变化、并发症、复发率及生存情况。结果 三组术后VEGF水平均降低,联合组在术后第1天、第7天、第30天均明显低于其他两组（P<0.05）;SIL-2R浓度除联合组术后第1天较术前升高（P<0.05）外,其他时间点三组均较治疗前下降（P<0.05）;三组血清HGF含量在术后第1天均显著增高,术后第7天达到峰值,术后第30天恢复至治疗前水平,但联合组升高相对较低。复发率、总生存率及无瘤生存率比较,三组无统计学差异（P>0.05）,但腔镜组并发症的发生率,除临近脏器损伤外,均高于其他两组（P<0.05）。结论 血清中VEGF、SIL-2R和HGF含量在SHCC治疗前后存在明显的动态变化,TACE联合RFA、RFA均可达到与LH相似的远期疗效,且并发症明显减少;RFA可提高机体免疫系统的功能,但在抑制肿瘤血管再生、防止肿瘤细胞侵袭转移方面,TACE联合RFA更具优势。     

TACE治疗原发性肝癌后并发肝脓肿的影响因素

目的 观察TACE治疗原发性肝癌后并发肝脓肿的影响因素。方法 采用倾向性评分匹配法回顾性收集99例接受TACE治疗的原发性肝癌患者,其中26例TACE后并发、73例未并发肝脓肿;根据治疗方式将其分为传统TACE(cTACE)组(n=48)和药物栓塞微球TACE(DTACE)组(n=51)。比较并发肝脓肿与未并发肝脓肿患者临床资料的差异,以logistic回归分析筛选TACE治疗原发性肝癌后并发肝脓肿的影响因素。结果 TACE治疗原发性肝癌后并发与未并发肝脓肿患者之间,肿瘤供血血管数目、碘油量及栓塞剂种类差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。cTACE组内并发与未并发肝脓肿患者血糖及栓塞剂种类差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);DTACE组内并发与未并发肝脓肿患者碘油量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TACE治疗原发性肝癌后并发肝脓肿的保护因素为患者年龄<55岁、无靶向药物联合免疫检查点抑制剂治疗史(靶免史)、仅栓塞1支肿瘤供血动脉、碘油量少及仅使用1种栓塞剂,TACE次数≥3则为危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论 患者年龄、靶免史、TACE次数、肿瘤供血血...     

Multidisciplinary management of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma

Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a dramatic presentation of the disease. Most published studies are from Asian centers, and North American experience is limited. This study was under-taken to review the experience of ruptured HCC at a North American multidisciplinary unit. Thirty pa-tients presenting with ruptured HCC at a tertiary care center from 1985 to 2004 were studied retrospectively and analyzed according to the demographics, clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcome in four treatment groups: emergency resection, delayed resection (resection after angiographic embolization), transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), and conservative management. Ten, 10, 7, and 3 patients underwent emergency resection, delayed resection, TAE, and conservative treat-ment, respectively. The mean age of all patients was 57 years, and the mean Child-Turcotte-Pugh score was 7 ± 2. Cirrhosis was present in 57% of the patients. Seventy percent of tumors were greater than 5 cm in diameter, and 68% of patients had multiple tumors. There was a trend toward higher 30-day mortality in the emergency resection group than in the delayed resection group. One-year survival was significantly bet-ter in the delayed resection group. In selected patients, the multidisciplinary approach of angiographic em-bolization and delayed resection affords better short-term survival than emergency resection. Presented at the 2005 American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Congress, Hollywood, Florida, April 14–17, 2005.     

基于NDR评分评估多发性肝癌根治术后经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗效果研究

目的 探讨NDR评分与多发性肝癌肝切除术后经导管动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）疗效的关系。方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2015年3月在海军军医大学东方肝胆外科医院行肝切除术的505例多发性肝癌病人的临床资料。根据术后是否行辅助性TACE将病人分为TACE组（n=272）和非TACE组（n=233）,采用倾向得分匹配（PSM）对病人行1∶1配对。应用Kaplan-Meier法分析术后无复发存活率（RFS）和总体存活率（OS）的差异,并分析NDR评分与TACE疗效的关系。结果 PSM后,TACE组1、3、5年RFS和OS均高于非TACE组（66.8%、41.2%和27.6%;49.6%、37.2%和27.7%,P=0.031;86.1%、63.7%和42.6%;69.1%、49.0%和37.2%,P=0.002）。NDR评分≤2分时,TACE 组1、3、5年RFS和OS与非 TACE 组差异无统计学意义（68.6%、44.1%、29.0% vs. 58.0%、43.3%、35.2%,P=0.445;88.3%、65.0%、44.4% vs. 76.4%、55.0%、45.7%,P=0.109）;NDR评分>2分时,TACE 组1、3、5年RFS和OS均高于非TACE组（60.5%、34.2%、28.5% vs. 20.3%、16.2%、8.1%,P=0.001;78.9%、51.6%、42.8% vs. 43.8%、29.9%、15.9%,P=0.007）。PSM后NDR评分>2分时,多因素分析显示,甲胎蛋白（AFP）和辅助性TACE是无复发生存的独立影响因素（HR=1.90、0.43;P<0.05）;AFP、肿瘤最大最小径比值和辅助性TACE是总体生存的独立影响因素（HR=2.23、2.96、0.53;P<0.05）。结论 NDR评分>2分时,肝癌肝切除术后行辅助性TACE可有效减少术后复发,改善远期生存。对NDR评分>2分的多发性肝癌病人,推荐辅助性TACE作为术后抗复发治疗手段。