慢性牙周炎治疗前后患牙龈沟液中IL-8和TNF-α水平变化比较

目的:探讨慢性牙周炎患者治疗前后患牙龈沟液中IL-8和TNF-α水平的变化。方法:选择本院就诊的慢性牙周炎患者96例为研究组和健康体检的牙周健康者50例作为对照组,研究组在基础治疗前后收集龈沟液(GCF)并记录相关的临床指标,包括探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)和探诊出血点数(BOP),应用ELISA法测定两组龈沟液内IL-8和TNF-α的含量。结果:研究组治疗前牙周临床指标PLI、PD、SBI和AL均明显高于对照组,经过牙周基础治疗后,各指标均较治疗前显著下降(P0.05)。研究组治疗前和治疗后龈沟液IL-8和TNF-α水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组治疗后龈沟液IL-8和TNF-α水平均明显较治疗前降低(P0.05)。研究组治疗前龈沟液中IL-8的水平与PD呈显著正相关(r=0.486,P0.05),TNF-α水平与SBI、PD呈显著正相关(r=0.495,0.648,P0.05)。结论:慢性牙周炎疾病发生发展与龈沟液中IL-8和TNF-α浓度之间存在着密切联系,且反映了慢性牙周炎的严重程度。     

丙型肝炎患者血清IL-6 JL-10与HA、PⅢP含量相关性的探讨

目的探讨了白细胞介素IL-6、IL-10在丙型肝炎患者肝纤维化中的作用,为无创伤的血清学指标,对丙型肝炎患者提供新的肝纤维化指标.方法分别应用ELISA法对92例丙型肝炎患者(其中轻度38例,中度31例,重度23例)进行IL-6、IL-10检测,放射免疫分析检测HA、PⅢP含量,并分析它们之间的关系.结果丙型肝炎患者血清IL-6、IL-10、HA、PⅢP水平均非常显著地高于正常人组(P＜0.01),相关分析表明,丙型肝炎患者血清HA、PⅢP水平与IL-6、IL-10浓度的相关系数(r)分别为0.6252(P＜0.01)、-0.3124(P＜0.05),0.2526(P＜0.05),-0.2914(P＜0.05).结论细胞因子IL-6、IL-10在肝纤维化形成中发挥重要作用,在早期肝纤维化的诊断中具有一定的临床实用价值.     

急性结膜炎患者治疗前后血清hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-10、IL-18检测的临床意义

目的:探讨了急性结膜炎患者治疗前后血清hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-10、IL-18水平的变化及意义.方法:分别应用放免法、免疫比浊法和酶联法对38例急性结膜炎患者进行了血清hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-10和IL-18水平检测,并与35名正常健康人作比较.结果:急性结膜炎患者在治疗前血清hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-10和IL-18水平均非常显著地高于正常人(P＜0.01),经2周的抗炎治疗后则与正常人比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:检测急性结膜炎患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-10和IL-18水平的变化对临床观察预后有重要的临床价值.     

细胞因子IL6、IL8及IL-10与变应性鼻炎的关系研究

目的 探讨白细胞介素-6、8、10与变应性鼻炎( allergic rhinitis,AR)发病的相关性,为指导临床治疗提供实验依据.方法 应用酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)方法检测35例正常健康对照组以及60例变应性鼻炎患者脱敏治疗前后血清标本中IL-6、IL-8、IL-10的表达水平,并应用SPSS 13.0软件分析治疗前后各指标的表达差异,以及三者之间的相关性.结果 IL-6、IL-8在AR患者血清中高表达,与健康对照组相比差异具有显著性(t=15.213,P＜0.01;t=12.231,P＜0.01),脱敏治疗后表达均下降,治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(t=21.995,P＜0.01;t =19.766,P＜0.01);IL-10在患者血清中表达低于对照组(t=7.446,P＜0.01),脱敏治疗后其表达上升,与治疗前相比差异显著(t=10.228,P＜0.01);IL-6、IL-8在AR患者中的表达呈正相关(r=0.523,P＜0.01),而二者与IL-10的表达呈负相关(r=-0.482,P＜0.01).结论 IL-6、IL-8及IL-10与变应性鼻炎发病过程密切相关,相应的细胞因子或拮抗剂将可能成为候选的治疗药物.     

Graves病131I治疗后一年内缓解和早发甲减患者血清IL-18和TRAb的变化分析

探讨131I治疗后一年内GD患者甲减的免疫功能状态的改变.采用CLIA、IRMA和EIA方法,监测41例GD患者131I治疗前后血清白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)、TPOAb的含量和甲状腺重量(TDW)变化.41例GD患者分为甲减组13例和缓解组28例.结果表明治疗前两组GD患者血清IL-18和TRAb水平明显升高,与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01,P(0.05),两组间比较,血清FT3、FT4、sTSH、TDW和131I剂量均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).治疗后两组血清IL-18明显下降,甲减组血清sTSH升高明显(P＜0.01),而缓解组TDW明显减少(P＜0.05).两组患者治疗后的TRAb水平仍然较高(P＜0.05).IL-18与FT3、FT4和TDW呈正相关(r=0.372,P＜0.01;r=0.312,P(0.01;r=0.371,P＜0.01),与sTSH呈负相关(r=-0.224,P＜0.01).甲减组TPOAb升高的病例治疗前为4/13,治疗后为6/13;缓解组治疗前为10/28,治疗后为12/28.131I治疗后6～12个月内辐射对患者免疫系统的调控产生的直接影响较小,血IL-18含量变化如结合TRAb、TPOAb指标了解甲状腺Th1/Th2型免疫应答状态,对疗效观察和预后判断有阶段性指导作用.     

慢性肾炎患儿治疗前后血清IL-18、IL-10、TNF-α和血浆VEGF水平的变化

目的:探讨了慢性肾炎患儿治疗前后血清白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和血浆血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平的变化及意义.方法:分别采用放射免疫分析和ELISA检测了30例慢性肾炎患儿血清IL-18、IL-10、TNF-α和血浆VEGF含量,并与35例正常健康儿作比较.结果:慢性肾炎患儿在治疗前血清IL-18、IL-10、TNF-α和血浆VEGF含量均显著高于正常儿组(P＜0.01),经中西医结合治疗3个月后与正常儿比较,仍有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:检测慢性肾炎患儿血清IL-18、IL-10、TNF-α和血浆VEGF水平的变化对观察病情和预后判定具有重要的临床价值.     

IL-18、IL-10和IL-6与急性冠状动脉综合征的关系研究

目的：研究白细胞介素（IL）-18、IL-10和IL-6血清浓度与急性冠状动脉综合征之间的关系。方法： 采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）和放射免疫法检测62例冠心病患者（急性心肌梗死17例、不稳定性心绞痛30例、稳定性心绞痛15例）和20例正常健康者血清IL-18、IL-10和IL-6水平，并比较上述指标水平之间的相关关系。 结果： 血清IL-18、IL-6水平在急性心肌梗死（AMI）组和不稳定性心绞痛（UAP）组显著高于稳定性心绞痛（SAP）组和对照组(P＜0.05, P＜0.01)；AMI组和UAP组血清IL-10水平明显低于SAP组和对照组（P＜0.01）。血清IL-18和IL-6水平与血清IL-10水平呈显著负相关（r＝－0.827, P＜0.01; r＝－0.231, P＜0.05)； 血清IL-6水平与IL-18水平相关性不明显（r＝0.119, P＞0.05）。 结论： 急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清IL-18、IL-6水平明显升高而IL-10水平显著降低；IL-18、IL-6与IL-10的平衡失调可能是促进斑块不稳定的重要因素。     

尖锐湿疣患者治疗前后血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10检测的临床意义

目的:探讨了尖锐湿疣患者治疗前后血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平变化及意义.方法:应用RIA和ELISA对40例尖锐湿疣患者进行了血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平检测并与35名正常健康人作比较.结果:在治疗前尖锐湿疣患者血清IL-6及IL-8低于正常对照组.TNF-α、IL-10水平均非常显著地高于正常对照组(P＜0.01),经治疗3个月后与正常对照组比较仍有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:检测尖锐湿疣患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平的变化对疾病的治疗、预后观察有重要的临床价值.     

脑梗死患者治疗前后血清IL-2、IL-6和VEGF检测的临床意义

目的:探讨32名脑梗死患者治疗前后血清IL-2、IL-6和VEGF水平的变化及意义.方法:分别应用放射免疫分析和ELISA对32例脑梗死患者进行了血清IL-2、IL-6和VEGF水平的测定,并与35名正常健康人做比较.结果:在治疗前血清IL-6、VEGF水平非常显著地高于正常人组(P＜0.01),而IL-2水平则显著地低于正常人组(P＜0.01).经治疗后3个月与正常人比较,仍有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:脑梗死的发生、发展与血清IL-2、IL-6和VEGF水平密切相关.     

丙型肝炎患者血清IL-6、IL-10与HA、PⅢP含量相关性的探讨

目的:探讨了白细胞介素IL-6、IL-10在丙型肝炎患者肝纤维化中的作用,为无创伤的血清学指标,对丙型肝炎患者提供新的肝纤维化指标。方法:分别应用ELISA法对92例丙型肝炎患者(其中轻度38例,中度31例,重度23例)进行IL-6、IL-10检测,放射免疫分析检测HA、PⅢP含量,并分析它们之间的关系。结果:丙型肝炎患者血清IL-6、IL-10、HA、PⅢP水平均非常显著地高于正常人组(P<0.01),相关分析表明,丙型肝炎患者血清HA、PⅢP水平与IL-6、IL-10浓度的相关系数(r)分别为0.6252(P<0.01)、-0.3124(P<0.05),0.2526(P<0.05),-0.2914(P<0.05)。结论:细胞因子IL-6、IL-10在肝纤维化形成中发挥重要作用,在早期肝纤维化的诊断中具有一定的临床实用价值。     

IL-10 subfamily members: IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26

It has been reported that the CD4+ T cell is a very important source of interleukin 10 (IL-10), while CD8+ cells produce low amounts. IL-10 exerts several immune stimulating, as well as inhibitory effects. There are at least five novel human IL-10 family-related molecules: IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26. Activated T cells produce IL-19, IL-22 and IL-26, while IL-24 is produced by activated monocytes and T-cells. IL-20 induces cheratin proliferation and Stat-3 signal transduction pathway, while IL-22 induces acute-phase production by hepatocytes and neonatal lethality with skin abnormalities reminiscent of psoriasic lesions in humans. In addition, IL-22 mediates inflammation and binds class II cytokine receptor heterodimers IL-22 RA1/CRF2-4. This cytokine is also involved in immuno-regulatory responses. IL-26 (AK155) is a novel cytokine generated by memory cells and is involved in the transformed phenotype of human T cells after infection by herpes virus. All these new IL-10 subfamily member cytokines are strongly involved in immune regulation and inflammatory responses.     

The extended IL-10 superfamily: IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29

Cytokines are involved in virtually every aspect of immunity and inflammation. A cascade of responses evolves after cytokine activation, although optimal function might ultimately involve several complementary cytokines. Understanding the function of individual cytokines is complicated because their role can vary depending on the cellular source, target, and phase of the immune response. In fact, numerous cytokines have both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory potential, with the contrasting outcome observed being determined by the immune cells present and their state of responsiveness to the cytokine. These issues make the study of cytokine biology daunting, particularly so for IL-10 and IL-10-related genes. The IL-10 superfamily is highly pleiotropic. These genes are linked together through genetic similarity and intron-exon gene structure. Significant commonality exists not only through shared receptors but also through conserved signaling cascades. However, its members mediate diverse activities, including immune suppression, enhanced antibacterial and antiviral immunity, antitumor activity, and promotion of self-tolerance in autoimmune diseases.     

IL-21 and IL-21 receptor

Interleukin (IL)-21 is a new member of the type I cytokine superfamily. Although it is most homologous to IL-15, it has a unique receptor chain, IL-21R, that pairs with the γ-common cytokine receptor chain. The first experiments examining the biology of the IL-21 pathway reveal that it is a cytokine with effects on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells. Mice deficient in the IL-21 R have also been made, and are being examined for the effects of the IL-21/IL-21R pathway in vivo. Here we summarize our current knowledge of this new cytokine pathway, and its role in innate and adaptive immunity.     

IL-4、IL-13蛋白表达及抗IL-4、IL-13人源单链抗体的筛选

目的:表达IL-4和IL-13蛋白,从人源单链抗体文库中分别筛选抗IL-4和抗IL-13单链抗体.方法:采用RT-PCR从健康志愿者外周血单核细胞(PBMC) mRNA中扩增IL-4和IL-13 cDNA;构建硫氧还蛋白融合表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达并对表达产物进行纯化鉴定.以生物素化的IL-4和IL-13为抗原从前期构建的人源抗体文库中采用噬菌体展示技术分别筛选抗IL-4和抗IL-13人源单链抗体(scFv).结果:扩增的IL-4 cDNA大小为280 bp,表达的融合蛋白大小为27 kD左右.扩增的IL-13 cDNA大小为252 bp,表达的融合蛋白大小为25 kD左右.分别以生物素化的IL-4和IL-13蛋白为抗原,采用噬菌体展示技术对人源抗体文库进行3轮富集后,分别有大约37％的scFvs与IL-4有结合特性,有约27％的scFvs与IL-13有结合特性.筛选了4株分别与IL-4和IL-13结合能力强的单链抗体进行了Westem blot鉴定和测序.结论:成功筛选到抗IL-4和抗IL-13人源性单链抗体.     

Ovarian follicular concentration of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18 and p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine the presence of interleukin (IL)-12, IL-15, IL-18 and p40 subunit of IL-12/IL-23 in follicular fluid from spontaneous cycles and the relation between the concentration of selected cytokines and IVF-embryo transfer outcome. METHODS: IVF-embryo transfer and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA and MBL, Nagoya, Japan) were used. RESULTS: Follicular fluid of women included in the IVF-embryo transfer procedure contained common p40 subunit of IL-12/IL-23 (median 70.1 pg/ml), IL-15 (median 1.3 pg/ml) and IL-18 (median 38.2 pg/ml). There was a significant negative correlation between follicular fluid concentrations of IL-15 and IL-18 (R=-0.392, P=0.003). Significantly higher concentrations of common p40 subunit of IL-12/IL-23 (median 79.8 pg/ml) were found in the follicular fluid taken from follicles containing oocytes, when compared with those without an oocyte (median 44.5 pg/ml, P=0.006). Patients who achieved clinical pregnancy had significantly decreased concentration of IL-15 (median 0.8 pg/ml) compared with patients without successful IVF-embryo transfer outcome (median 1.4 pg/ml, P=0.047). CONCLUSION: Follicular fluid collected from spontaneous cycles contains detectable levels of p40 subunit of IL-12/IL-23, IL-15 and IL-18. Increased concentrations of p40 subunit of IL-12/IL-23 in follicles containing oocytes suggest an important role of this cytokine in reproduction. Possible negative value of IL-15 as a predictor of IVF-embryo transfer success remains to be determined.     

Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-12) and Th cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) in patients with allergic asthma

Allergen-reactive T helper type-2 (Th2) cells and proinflammatory cytokines have been suggested to play an important role in the induction and maintenance of the inflammatory cascade in allergic asthma. We compared the plasma concentrations of novel proinflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-18, other proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12, Th2 cytokines IL-10 and IL-13, and intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 in Th cells of 41 allergic asthmatics and 30 sex- and age-matched health control subjects. Plasma cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intracellular cytokines were quantified by flow cytometry. Plasma IL-18, IL-12, IL-10, IL-13 concentrations were significantly higher in allergic asthmatic patients than normal control subjects (IL-18: median 228.35 versus 138.72 pg/ml, P < 0.001; IL-12: 0.00 versus 0.00 pg/ml, P = 0.001; IL-10: 2.51 versus 0.05 pg/ml, P < 0.034; IL-13: 119.38 versus 17.89 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Allergic asthmatic patients showed higher plasma IL-17 and IL-6 concentrations than normal controls (22.40 versus 11.86 pg/ml and 3.42 versus 0.61 pg/ml, respectively), although the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.077 and 0.053, respectively). The percentage of IFN-gamma-producing Th cells was significantly higher in normal control subjects than asthmatic patients (23.46 versus 5.72%, P < 0.001) but the percentage of IL-4 producing Th cells did not differ (0.72 versus 0.79%, P > 0.05). Consequently, the Th1/Th2 cell ratio was significantly higher in normal subjects than asthmatic patients (29.6 versus 8.38%, P < 0.001). We propose that allergic asthma is characterized by an elevation of both proinflammatory and Th2 cytokines. The significantly lower ratio of Th1/Th2 cells confirms a predominance of Th2 cells response in allergic asthma.     

IL-1, IL-18, and IL-33 families of cytokines

Summary: The interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-18, and IL-33 families of cytokines are related by mechanism of origin, receptor structure, and signal transduction pathways utilized. All three cytokines are synthesized as precursor molecules and cleaved by the enzyme caspase-1 before or during release from the cell. The NALP-3 inflammasome is of crucial importance in generating active caspase-1. The IL-1 family contains two agonists, IL-1α and IL-1β, a specific inhibitor, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and two receptors, the biologically active type IL-1R and inactive type II IL-1R. Both IL-1RI and IL-33R utilize the same interacting accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra is important in preventing disease in various organs, and excess production of IL-1 has been implicated in many human diseases. The IL-18 family also contains a specific inhibitor, the IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP), which binds IL-18 in the fluid phase. The IL-18 receptor is similar to the IL-1 receptor complex, including a single ligand-binding chain and a different interacting accessory protein. IL-18 provides an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Newly described IL-33 binds to the orphan IL-1 family receptor T1/ST2 and stimulates T-helper 2 responses as well as mast cells.     

IL-12 and IL-23 in health and disease

Food allergy affects up to 6% of children and 3–4% of adults in Westernized countries, and is the most common cause of outpatient anaphylaxis in most studies. The mainstay of treatment is strict avoidance of the offending allergens and education regarding the use of emergency medication in cases of accidental ingestions or exposures. While these approaches are generally effective, there are no definitive treatments that cure or provide long-term remission from food allergy. However, with recent advances in characterizing food allergens and understanding humoral and cellular immune responses in food allergy, several therapeutic strategies are being investigated. Potential treatments include allergen-specific immunotherapy as well as allergen-nonspecific approaches to downregulate the overall allergic response in food-allergic individuals.