头孢吡肟体外抗菌活性研究

目的 研究第四代头孢菌素头隐吡肟的体外抗菌活性和抗菌谱。方法 用Ｅ－ｔｅｓｔ检测头孢吡肟对８种９６株临床分离菌的最低抑菌浓度,并与另外６种β－内酰胺抗生素进行比较。结果 头孢吡肟对苯唑西林敏感的葡萄球菌,肠杆菌科细菌、铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌和枸橼酸杆菌等均有很强的抗菌活性。结论 头孢吡肟对Ｇ＾＋球菌和Ｇ＾－杆菌均有良好的抗菌活性。     

玉米须抗菌活性的初步研究

目的：探讨玉米须的体外抗菌活性。方法：采用琼脂扩散法和试管连续稀释法测定玉米须对常见致病菌和条件致病菌的体外抗菌活性及最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果：（1）玉米须对金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌皆有明显的抗菌活性,抑菌圈直径分别为21mm和16mm。对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为0．5g／ml。（2）玉米须对大肠埃希菌、福氏志贺氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌无抗菌活性。结论：玉米须对金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌有较好的体外抑菌活性。     

蛇莓抗菌作用的实验研究

目的研究蛇莓的体外抗菌作用。方法测定蛇莓的体外最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果蛇莓对金黄色葡萄球菌等7种常见致病菌有较强的体外抑菌作用。结论蛇莓具有明显的抗菌作用。本实验结果显示蛇莓具有较高的临床应用价值。     

苦豆子总碱的体外抗菌活性研究

目的：了解苦豆子总碱的体外抗菌活性,方法：以琼脂稀释法、试管稀释法、活菌计数法检测苦豆了总碱的体外最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）及最低杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）等。结果：苦豆子总碱体外对１０余种２０６株试验菌均有抑菌作用,其ＭＩＣ是１０～４０ｍｇ／ｍｌ,大于３～５ＭＩＣ的浓度对上述试验菌有杀菌作用。苦豆子总碱在碱性环境下抑菌作用较强,细菌接种量可影响其ＭＩＣ,血清含量对ＭＩＣ无明显影响。结论：苦豆子总碱有广谱抗菌     

黄芩中黄酮类化合物的抗菌作用

目的:观察黄芩总黄酮的体外抗菌活性。方法:采用试管连续稀释法对金黄色葡萄球菌等7个菌株进行有关黄芩总黄酮最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)的测定。结果:在体外抑菌实验中,黄芩总黄酮对金葡菌、葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性细菌的抗菌作用强于对福氏志贺菌、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌和乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌等肠道致病菌的抗菌作用。结论:黄芩总黄酮对多种细菌具有明显的抑制作用。     

核黄素银抗菌作用的实验研究

为了解核黄素银的抗菌作用，采用试管双倍稀释法测定药物最低抑菌浓度（MIC）及最低杀菌浓度（MBC），观察烧伤后创面痂下组织细菌计数及创愈合程度，体外抗菌活性实验发现：核黄素银对金葡菌，绿脓杆菌，大肠杆菌的MIC分别为31、31、62μg/ml。结论：核黄素银对烧伤常见的感染细菌均有较强的抑制和杀灭作用。     

12种抗菌药物对临床分离肠球菌的体外抗菌作用

目的:比较种抗菌药物对临床分离肠球菌的体外抗菌作用。12方法:采用试管双倍稀释法测定种抗菌药物的最12低抑菌浓度()及最低杀菌浓度()。MICMBC结果:共监测肠球菌株。万古霉素和替考拉宁对肠球菌的抗菌活性最强,244抑菌率分别为和;哌拉西林、氨苄西林、青霉素对肠球菌的作用也较强;其他药物对肠球菌的作用差。屎肠球89.6?.73%G菌对抗菌药物的耐药性明显高于粪肠球菌。种抗菌药物对肠球菌的与其相同或略高于其～倍。种抗菌药12MBCMICMIC1212物对屎肠球菌MBC50及MBC90均明显高于对粪肠球菌的MBC50及MBC90。结论:青霉素、氨苄西林、哌拉西林对肠球菌仍具G有较稳定的抗菌活性,万古霉素及替考拉宁对肠球菌的抗菌活性最高,屎肠球菌对抗菌药物的耐药性较粪肠球菌为高,临床上已出现了对万古霉素及替考拉宁耐药的肠球菌,值得重视。     

9种抗菌药物对大肠埃希菌抗菌活性研究

目的:比较研究9种抗菌药物对临床分离的78株大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌活性。方法:采用琼脂平板二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:4种氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物对78株大肠埃希菌(包括ESBLs)抗菌活性较低,MIC_(90)16～128mg/L,耐药率为38.5％～60.3％;5种β-内酰类抗菌药物对78株大肠埃希菌MIC_(90)32～>128mg/L.耐药率为17.9％～59.0％,尤其是对产ESBLs大肠埃希菌除头孢美唑外均显示了很高的耐药性。结论:大肠埃希菌(包括ESBLs)对氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物敏感性较低,产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对β-内酰类抗菌药物有较高的耐药性,合理使用抗菌药物在临床应引起高度重视。     

氟罗沙星注射液的体内外抗菌活性研究

采用体外抗菌活性和体内保护作用等试验确定氟罗沙星注射液对临床分离的革兰氏阳性和阴性菌的抗菌活性。氟罗沙星注射液对本试验中的大多数革兰氏阳性和阴性菌均具有良好的抗菌活性;对革兰氏阴性菌和葡萄球菌的抗菌活性强于链球菌。接种量从１０３增加到１０７ＣＦＵ／点时,该药物对试验菌的ＭＩＣ值变化不大;但培养基ｐＨ值为酸性时（ｐＨ＝５）,药物对试验菌的抗菌活性明显降低４～３２倍。体内保护试验表明：氟罗沙星注射液对大肠杆菌感染的小鼠有良好的保护作用;氟罗沙星注射液对四株试验菌的体内抗菌活性与对照药物乳酸环丙沙星注射液相近。     

保心包贴膜体外抗菌作用观察

目的：研究保心包贴膜对引起化脓性感染细菌的抗菌作用。方法：用琼脂平板稀释法检测保心包贴膜对从患伤口分离得到的11种142株临床常见创伤感染致病菌最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：该药物对受试的11种病原菌都有不同程度的杀菌、抑菌作用。结论：保心包贴膜对局部皮肤化脓性感染具有良好的疗效。     

两面针提取工艺研究

目的 优选两面针药材的最佳提取工艺.方法 采用正交试验,以乙醇体积分数、乙醇用量、提取次数和提取时间作为优选因素,以出膏率和氯化两面针碱转移率为综合指标,确定合理的醇提取工艺.结果 最佳提取工艺条件是:乙醇体积分数为70%,乙醇用量为8倍,提取4次,每次1.5 h.结论 优化得到的提取工艺稳定可行,为生产提供了实验依据...     

两面针种子萌发的物理抑制因素探讨

【目的】从物理因素的角度探讨两面针种子休眠的原因。【方法】通过种子吸水试验检查两面针种子的吸水特性,采用扫描电子显微镜观察种皮的显微结构,并比较层积处理对两面针种皮的影响。【结果】两面针的种皮透水性良好,无明显吸水障碍;两面针种子具有坚硬致密的种皮结构,低温层积处理可以降解、软化其种皮结构。【结论】两面针种子中存在种子发芽的物理抑制因素,采用低温湿沙层积处理可解除两面针种子的萌发抑制作用。     

HPLC法测定两面针中氯化两面针碱的含量

建立了两面针中氯化两面针碱的HPLC测定法，方法简便、准确。加样回收率为97.7％，RSD＝0．82％，最低检测浓度0．8μg／mL，可用于两面针的质量控制。     

两面针中的两个新生物碱

研究两面针Zanthoxylum nitidum的化学成分。方法 采用正反相硅胶柱色谱法进行分离纯化,利用MS、UV、IR、NMR等波谱数据及理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。结果 分离得到2个新苯并啡啶类生物碱,分别鉴定为1,3-二(8-双氢两面针碱)丙酮［1,3-bis(8-dihydronitidinyl)-acetone,1］和8-丙酮基双氢崖椒定碱(8-acetonyldihydrofagaridine,2)。结论 化合物1和2均为未见报道的新化合物,分别命名为两面针酮A(nitidumtone A,1)和两面针酮B(nitidumtone B,2)。     

青橄榄叶提取物体外抑菌活性研究

[目的]测定青橄榄叶提取物及大孔树脂AB-8不同极性洗脱产物对供试菌株的体外抑菌活性.[方法]采用96孔板微量稀释法测定青橄榄叶总提取物及不同极性洗脱产物对白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐药白色念珠菌、酿酒酵母和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC).[结果]大孔树脂水洗极性部位对白色念珠菌的MIC为20.62 g/ml,50％乙醇洗脱部分对铜绿假单胞杆菌的MIC为82.5 μg/ml,90％乙醇洗脱部分对白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐药白色念珠菌、酿酒酵母和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为41.25,20.62,20.62,10.32,165.0和2.58μg/ml.[结论]青橄榄叶洗脱产物的水、50％乙醇及90％乙醇洗脱部分对白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐药白色念珠菌、酿酒酵母和金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抑菌活性,尤其是90％乙醇洗脱部位的抑菌范围广,活性强且呈现量效依赖关系.     

5种中草药提取物对致病性弧菌的抑菌作用研究

目的研究5种中草药对致病弧菌的抑菌活性,为水产品的安全用药提供参考。方法采用纸片法和试管法,以溶珊瑚弧菌(Vibrio coralliilyticus)、塔氏弧菌(Vibrio tubiashii)、副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaem olyticus)、鲨鱼弧菌(Vibrio carchariae)为供试菌株,测定中草药不同极性萃取部分的抑菌圈和最小抑菌浓度。结果夹竹桃叶、芒果叶、苦楝叶和羊蹄甲叶4种中草药乙酸乙酯萃取部分对供试弧菌有很好的抑菌作用;苦楝叶和羊蹄甲叶石油醚萃取部分对副溶血弧菌有抑菌作用;芒果叶的水溶性部分对塔氏弧菌有很强的抑菌作用;枇杷叶提取物对4株弧菌均无抑制作用。结论除枇杷叶外,其他4种中草药可不同程度的抑制致病弧菌的生长,其抑制致病弧菌的活性成分有待于进一步研究。     

Evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-tumor activity of partially purified serine protease isolate from the Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma

Objective

To isolate, partially purify and evaluate the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of a serine protease from the chosen Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma.

Methods

Whole animal extract was prepared and purified its protein constituents by size and charge based chromatographic separation techniques using Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-Cellulose resin respectively. Average molecular weight of the protein isolate was determined and analyzed for its cytotoxic property against Vero cells in different dilutions (1: 20 and 1: 40) and anti-tumor activity by MTT assay (a colorimetric assay) using breast cancer cell line MCF-7, with tamoxifen as standard.

Results

One of the protein constituents after purification was characterized as serine protease by Caseinolytic plate diffusion assay. Average molecular weight of this purified isolate was determined, by SDS-PAGE analysis with standard protein ladder, as of 15 kDa. The performed tests suggested that the 15kDa fraction has potent cytotoxic activity and satisfactory antitumor activity as well in vitro.

Conclusions

Exact molecular mechanism of the cytotoxic and antitumor activities is yet to be explored and currently we are working on ultra-purification and biophysical characterization of this fraction. Further investigation into the mechanism(s) of cytotoxic and antitumor activities at molecular level would be useful in treatment of various classes of cancer and viral infections in future.     

Combined antibacterial activity of stingless bee (Apis mellipodae) honey and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts against standard and clinical pathogenic bacteria

Objective

To investigate the synergic antibacterial activity of garlic and tazma honey against standard and clinical pathogenic bacteria.

Methods

Antimicrobial activity of tazma honey, garlic and mixture of them against pathogenic bacteria were determined. Chloramphenicol and water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of antimicrobial samples were determined using standard methods.

Results

Inhibition zone of mixture of garlic and tazma honey against all tested pathogens was significantly (P≤0.05) greater than garlic and tazma honey alone. The diameter zone of inhibition ranged from (18±1) to (35±1) mm for mixture of garlic and tazma honey, (12±1) to (20±1) mm for tazma honey and (14±1) to (22±1) mm for garlic as compared with (10±1) to (30±1) mm for chloramphenicol. The combination of garlic and tazma honey (30-35 mm) was more significantly (P≤0.05) effective against Salmonella (NCTC 8385), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Lyesria moncytogenes (ATCC 19116) and Streptococcus pneumonia (ATCC 63). Results also showed considerable antimicrobial activity of garlic and tazma honey. MIC of mixture of garlic and tazma honey at 6.25% against total test bacteria was 88.9%. MIC of mixture of garlic and tazma honey at 6.25% against Gram positive and negative were 100% and 83.33%, respectively. The bactericidal activities of garlic, tazma honey, and mixture of garlic and tazma honey against all pathogenic bacteria at 6.25% concentration were 66.6%, 55.6% and 55.6%, respectively.

Conclusions

This finding strongly supports the claim of the local community to use the combination of tazma honey and garlic for the treatment of different pathogenic bacterial infections. Therefore, garlic in combination with tazma honey can serve as an alternative natural antimicrobial drug for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. Further in vivo study is recommended to come up with a comprehensive conclusion.     

黄连解毒汤体外抗菌活性研究

目的探讨黄连解毒汤体外抗菌活性。方法采用连续倍比试管稀释法和琼脂扩散法测定黄连解毒汤的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果黄连解毒汤对副溶血弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为62．5mg/mL、125．0m咖L,MBC分别为125．0mg/mL、125．0mg／mL;黄连解毒汤对福氏志贺菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌、伤寒沙门菌MIC均〉1000mg／mL。结论黄连解毒汤在体外对副溶血弧菌及金黄色葡萄球菌有显著的抗菌活性。     

金银花叶醇提取物与水提取物抑菌作用的比较

目的 研究金银花叶醇提取物和水提取物抑菌作用之间的差别.方法 通过抑菌环直径的测定及最低抑菌浓度的测定来进行比较.结果 金银花叶醇提取物生药浓度为1000mg/ml对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,枯草杆菌的抑菌环直径均大于8mm,而水提取物的生药浓度为842mg/ml对上述三种菌的抑菌环直径均小于8mm.金银花叶醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌,枯草杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为将药物稀释到1:8的稀释度,对大肠杆菌最低抑菌浓度为将药物稀释到1:16的稀释度.结论 金银花叶醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,枯草杆菌有抑菌作用,水提物没有抑菌作用.