糖尿病性阴茎勃起功能障碍大鼠模型海绵体超微结构的研究

目的　探讨糖尿病（ＤＭ） 性阴茎勃起功能障碍（ＥＤ） 的发病机理。　方法　ＳＤ 大鼠注射链脲佐菌素制造ＤＭ 动物模型后,注射阿朴吗啡观察６ 周、８ 周及１２ 周大鼠阴茎勃起情况,筛选ＤＭ 性ＥＤ 大鼠模型,观察其阴茎海绵体组织超微结构的改变。　结果　ＤＭ 性ＥＤ 大鼠模型阴茎海绵体内皮细胞及平滑肌细胞超微结构均有明显的病理改变：线粒体退变、内质网扩张,糖原颗粒、吞饮小泡及微丝减少。此外,还可见大量间质组织增生及微血管腔闭塞。随ＤＭ 病程不同,其改变程度不同,８ 周时以内皮细胞损害为明显,１２ 周时以平滑肌细胞损害为明显。　结论　ＤＭ 严重影响阴茎勃起功能,海绵体组织超微结构的病理改变可能是ＤＭ 性ＥＤ 发病机理之一。     

糖尿病性阴茎勃起功能障碍动物模型血清雄激素测定

ＳＤ大鼠注射链脲佐菌素制造溏尿病（ＤＭ）动物模型后,注射阿朴吗啡观察不同时期大鼠阴茎勃起情况,筛选ＤＭ性阴茎勃起功能障碍（ＥＤ）大鼠模型,测定其血清ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ及睾酮的浓度,并观察睾丸组织的显微结构,研究ＤＭ性ＥＤ的发病机理。结果ＤＭ性ＥＤ大鼠血清睾酮浓度显著降低,睾丸组织显微结构发生明显病理性改变,且上述变化与ＤＭ病程密切相关;ＬＨ在ＤＭ早期无改变、晚期明显降低;ＦＳＨ无明显改变。提示ＤＭ严重影阴茎勃起功能及雄激素的合成分泌,雄激素降低可能是其主要发病机理之一。     

糖尿病性阴茎勃起功能障碍大鼠阴茎海绵体一氧化氮合酶 …

目的 探讨糖尿病（ＤＭ）性阴茎勃起功能障碍（ＥＤ）的发病机理。方法 ＳＤ大鼠注射链脲佐菌素建立ＤＭ动物模型后,注射阿朴吗啡观察６周,８周及１２周大鼠阴茎勃起情况,筛选ＤＭ性ＥＤ大鼠模型,测定其阴茎海绵体组织一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）的活性。结果ＤＭ性ＥＤ大鼠阴茎海绵体组织ＮＯＳ活性与对照组相比显著降低,随ＤＭ病程延长,ＮＯＳ活性明显下降。     

人工体神经-内脏神经反射弧控制下大鼠盆底横纹肌运动神经元的定位分布

目的研究正常大鼠及建立人工体神经-内脏神经反射弧截瘫后，支配大鼠盆底肌肉运动神经元胞体的分布。方法雄性SD大鼠35只，随机分为正常组（n=10）：大鼠不作任何处理；模型组（n=25）：大鼠建立人工体神经一内脏神经反射弧截瘫。于造模后6个月，取正常组（n=10）及模型A组（n=20）大鼠行荧光金（fluorogold，FG）注射至尿道外括约肌、坐骨海绵体肌、球海绵体肌及肛门外括约肌，行逆行神经追踪，荧光显微镜观察FG阳性神经细胞。采用麦芽凝集素结合的辣根过氧化物酶（malt agglutinator binding horseradish peroxidase，WGA—HRP）作为顺行神经示踪剂，取模型B组（n=5）大鼠左侧L1前角注入WGA—HRP，经3，3’，5，5’-四甲基联苯胺（3，3’，5，5’telramethyl benzidine，TMB）-HRP显色后，光镜下观察大鼠尿道外括约肌、坐骨海绵体肌、球海绵体肌及肛门外括约肌内神经纤维末梢。结果注射FG后，正常组：尿道外括约肌或坐骨海绵体肌标记神经元位于脊髓L5～S1段前角背外侧核；球海绵体肌或肛门外括约肌，标记神经元位于脊髓L5-S1段前角背内侧核；模型A组：尿道外括约肌、坐骨海绵体肌、球海绵体肌及肛门外括约肌，左侧L1前角均可见FG标记神经元。模型B组：大鼠左侧L1前角注入WGA—HRP后，尿道外括约肌、坐骨海绵体肌、球海绵体肌及肛门外括约肌内可见大量神经纤维末梢着色。结论正常大鼠盆底横纹肌运动神经元主要位于L4前角，人工体神经-内脏神经反射弧下盆底横纹肌运动神经元主要分布于L4前角；脊髓L4前根与L6前根吻合后形成的“异类神经纤维”发出运动神经纤维支配尿道外括约肌、坐骨海绵体肌、球海绵体肌及肛门外括约肌。     

补肾中药对骨质疏松大鼠性激素影响的实验研究

目的　探讨补肾中药骨康对去势所造成骨质疏松大鼠性激素及骨密度的影响及性激素水平在骨质疏松发病中的作用。方法　通过切除大鼠睾丸和卵巢造成骨质疏松模型,观察中药骨康不同剂量对骨质疏松大鼠血睾酮（Ｔ）、血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）、ＢＭＤ 和ＢＭＣ的影响,并与特乐定、尼尔雌醇作阳性对照。结果　中药骨康高、中剂量防治的去势大鼠Ｔ 含量高于模型组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５ 和０．０１）,高、中、低剂量组的Ｅ２、全身及左、右股骨ＢＭＤ、ＢＭＣ高于模型组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论　骨康能提高去势大鼠血性激素含量、骨的骨矿含量及骨密度,其提高骨矿含量及骨密度的作用可能与其提高性激素水平有关。     

肉毒毒素治疗耻骨直肌综合征引起的阻塞性便秘研究

耻骨直肌综合征（ＰＲＳ）是指排便时耻骨直肠肌异常收缩或不能松弛的行为障碍,它易于诊断却难以治疗。本文旨在研究肉毒毒素（ＢＴＸ）对于肌电图（ＥＭＧ）生物反馈治疗无效又拒绝使用肛门扩张器治疗的ＰＲＳ患者的疗效。方法：通过肛直肠测压、排粪造影和肌电图诊断,从５０例慢性阻塞性便秘病人中挑出４例ＰＲＳ患者,在超声引导下对其双侧异常收缩的耻骨直肠肌分别注射３０单位肉毒毒素Ａ（ＢＴＸ－Ａ）。结果：１例未能随访,其余３例治疗后每周自主排便由零次增加为６次,其中只有１例服用泻药;肛直肠压由（９６·２土１２）ｍｍＨ…     

阴茎海绵体血管活性药物注射在诊断静脉性勃起功能障碍中的价值

本组１４５５例阴茎勃起功能障碍（ＥＤ）病人，在阴茎海绵体活性药物注射中发现，海绵体关闭功能障碍是血管性ＥＤ的主要病因，约３／４的海绵体血管活性药物注射（ＩＣＩ）阴性病人存在海绵体静脉漏。并为活性药物注射可作为阴茎海绵体造影（ＰＣＧ）筛选病例的方法提供了依据。部分阴性病例如在注射时立即出现头晕、面色潮红等症状，应高度怀疑为静脉性ＥＤ。     

尿道及海绵体内压力对海绵体肌刺激的反应∶肌肉在勃起及射精中的作用

尿道及海绵体内压力对海绵体肌刺激的反应∶肌肉在勃起及射精中的作用［ＳｈａｆｉｋＡ．Ｕｒｏｌｏｇｙ１９９５；４６（１）∶８５］本文目的为研究球海绵体肌（ＢＣ）及坐骨海绵体肌（ＩＣ）在勃起及射精中的作用。１８名男性志愿者（平均年龄３６．６岁）评价其尿道及...     

泮库溴铵和阿曲库铵对慢肌和快肌神经肌肉阻滞效应的比较研究

应用１４只大鼠坐骨神经－比目鱼肌（慢肌）、胫骨前肌（快肌）在体实验模型，以肌松药累积给药方法，比较泮库溴铵和阿曲库铵对慢肌和快肌神经肌肉阻滞的效应。结果发现在慢肌和快肌之间，泮库溴铵或阿曲库铵肌肉颤搐抑制的ＥＤ５０、ＥＤ９０、恢复指数、最大阻滞和最大恢复基本相似（Ｐ〉０．０５）。提示慢肌与快肌人间泮库溴铵或阿曲库铵神经肌肉阻滞的量－效关系和时－效关系无明显差异。     

切断雄鼠坐骨海绵体肌致不育对勃起机制的探讨

目的探讨坐骨海绵体肌在勃起机制中的地位和作用。为临床诊断和治疗骨盆骨折并尿道损伤后的勃起功能障碍是否与坐骨海绵体肌损伤有关提供依据。方法选用生殖期雄性大白鼠35只,随机分为手术组(25只)、假手术组(5只)和非手术组(5只)。将手术组切断双侧坐骨海绵体肌,假手术组仪显露坐骨海绵体肌后关闭切口。手术1周后选用育龄期雌性大白鼠35只,随机与上述三组——配对饲养。观察2月,了解三组配对雌鼠受孕情况。随后将手术组分为修复组(17对)和未修复组(5对),将修复组雄鼠修复其切断的双侧坐骨海绵体肌,未修复组作对照。观察2月,了解配对雌鼠受孕情况。结果手术组雄鼠死亡2只,雌鼠1只受孕,受孕率为4．35％,假手术组雄鼠死亡1只,雌鼠4只受孕,受孕率为100％,非手术组雌鼠5只均受孕,受孕率为100％,修复组雄鼠死亡9只,存活8只,其配对雌鼠2只受孕,受孕率为25％,未修复组5只雌鼠均未受孕,受孕率为0。手术组与假手术组、非手术组雌鼠受孕情况比较有统计学意义(P<0．001),假手术组与非手术组比较无统计学意义,修复组与未修复组比较无统计学意义(P>0．05)。结论切断雄鼠双侧坐骨海绵体肌必然导致勃起功能障碍,引起不育。坐骨海绵体肌在阴茎勃起机制中是勃起过程中的一个环节,不可缺少,其作用是起控制阴茎勃起血流的闸门或开关的作用。     

糖尿病性阴茎勃起功能障碍大鼠阴茎海绵体一氧化氮合酶活性的测定

目的　探讨糖尿病 (DM )性阴茎勃起功能障碍 (ED)的发病机理。　方法　SD大鼠注射链脲佐菌素建立DM动物模型后 ,注射阿朴吗啡观察 6周、8周及 12周大鼠阻茎勃起情况 ,筛选DM性ED大鼠模型 ,测定其阴茎海绵体组织一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)的活性。　结果　DM性ED大鼠阴茎海绵体组织NOS活性与对照组相比显著降低 (P <0 0 0 1或P <0 0 1) ,随DM病程延长 ,NOS活性明显下降 (P <0 0 1)。　结论　DM严重影响阴茎勃起功能 ,海绵体组织NOS活性降低可能是其发病机理之一。     

Determination of serum testosterone in experimental diabetes with erectile dysfunction

To study the mechanisms of erectile dysfunction (ED) in ex-perimental diabetic (DM) rats, streptozotocin (STZ) was injectedintraperitoneally into Sprague-Dewley rats to make experimentalmodels of DM. Rats showing apparent ED after apomorphine injec-tion were selected for the experiment. Penile erections were studiedon the 6th, 8th and 12th week after injection of apomorphine. Theconcentration of LH, FSH and testosterone (T) were examined andmicrostructure of testes were observed. Results indicated that theserum T was decreased significantly with marked changes in testicu-lar histology; the degree of both was closely related to the durationof DM. The concentration of LH did not change on the early days,but decreased significantly later in the course. FSH concentrationswere not changed. As conclusions, penile erection and synthesis oftestosterone are affected seriously by DM, and the decrease of Tconcentration may be one of the most important mechanisms.(Chin J Androl 2000; 4: 227 - 230)     

慢性肾功能衰竭性勃起功能障碍大鼠阴茎海绵体有效成分的测定

目的:探讨慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)性勃起功能障碍(ED)的发病机制。方法:应用SD雄性大鼠分两期行5/6肾脏切除术,建立CRF动物模型。将假手术组(NCRF组,n=30)、CRF模型大鼠(CRF组,n=45)分别随机均分为Ⅰ(2周)、Ⅱ(4周)、Ⅲ(6周)3组,并分别于2、4、6周注射阿朴吗啡(APO,80μg/kg)后观察大鼠阴茎勃起情况,筛选CRF性ED模型大鼠;测定阴茎海绵体组织一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性,及其组织的M asson染色图像分析。结果:CRF性ED大鼠阴茎海绵体组织NOS活性及平滑肌面积显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),胶原纤维略有增加,且上述变化与CRF病程密切相关。海绵窦血管腔无明显变化。结论:CRF严重影响阴茎勃起功能,阴茎海绵体组织NOS活性降低及阴茎海绵体平滑肌面积的减少可能是其重要的发病机制。     

Antifibrogenic role of valproic acid in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat penis

We investigated the therapeutic effects of valproic acid (VPA) on erectile dysfunction and reducing penile fibrosis in streptozocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Eighteen male rats were divided into three experimental groups (Control, STZ‐DM, STZ‐DM plus VPA) and diabetes was induced by transperitoneal single dose STZ. Eight weeks after, VPA and placebo treatments were given according to groups for 15 days. All rats were anesthetised for the measurement of in vivo erectile response to cavernous nerve stimulation. Afterward penes were evaluated histologically in terms of immune labelling scores of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). Slides were also evaluated in terms of collagen/smooth muscle ratio and penile apoptosis. After the treatment with VPA, erectile responses were found as improved when compared with STZ‐DM rats but not statistically meaningful. eNOS and VEGF immune expressions diminished in penile corpora of STZ‐DM rats and improved with VPA treatment. VPA led to decrease in TGF‐β1 expression and collagen content of diabetic rats’ penes. Penile apoptosis was not diminished with VPA. In conclusion, VPA treatment seems to be effective for reducing penile fibrosis in diabetic rats and more prolonged treatment period may enhance erectile functions.     

TRPC6在糖尿病肾脏疾病大鼠肾组织的表达及缬沙坦的作用

目的观察瞬时受体阳离子通道6（transientreceptorpotentialcationchannel6,TRPC6）在糖尿病肾脏疾病（diabetickidneydisease,DKD）鼠肾组织的表达及缬沙坦的作用。方法通过单肾切除联合链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,sTZ）诱导的DKD模型随机分为糖尿病组（diabetesmellitus,DM）和缬沙坦治疗组,每组10只。另以10只大鼠作对照组（normalcontrol,NC）。缬沙坦组每天给予缬沙坦20mg／kg于饮水中,于8周、16周、24周检测不同时间点24h尿蛋白、血肌酐和血糖。24周处死动物,PAS染色和透射电镜观察肾组织学改变,激光共聚焦检测TRPC6、synaptopodin的表达和分布,免疫组化、RT-PCR检测nephrin、TRPC6mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果与NC组比较,DM组24h尿蛋白、肾质量／体质量指数、TRPC6的表达均显著高于NC组（P〈O．01）,而内生肌酐清除率（endogenouscreatinineclearancerate,Ccr）、nephrin的表达显著低于NC组（P〈0．01）。激光共聚焦显示TRPC6与足细胞标志蛋白synaptopodin高度融合,沿毛细血管袢线形分布。缬沙坦组24h尿蛋白、肾质量／体质量、TRPC6的表达较DM组显著降低,Ccr、nephrin免疫组化积分和mR-NA的表达显著增加,肾脏病理改变减轻。结论DKD大鼠足细胞TRPC6的表达显著升高,缬沙坦可能通过抑制TRPC6的表达来减轻足细胞的损伤。     

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍大鼠阴茎组织内Cx43和eNOS表达的研究

目的:探讨糖尿病(DM)性勃起功能障碍(DMED)与阴茎组织中连接蛋白(Cx43)和eNOS水平变化的相关性。方法:25只SD大鼠腹腔内注射四氧嘧啶建立DM模型,8周后注射阿朴吗啡观察大鼠阴茎勃起情况,筛选出DMED大鼠,应用RT-PCR和免疫组化法分别检测阴茎组织中Cx43和eNOSmRNA表达水平。结果:DMED大鼠阴茎海绵体组织eNOSmRNA表达(0.155±0.157)与DM组(0.508±0.242)比较,显著降低(P<0.01),而Cx43mRNA则显著升高(0.993±0.157vs0.545±0.138,P<0.01),二者存在负相关性(r=-0.987)。免疫组化检测也显示DMED组大鼠阴茎组织平滑肌细胞中eNOS蛋白表达减少,而Cx43蛋白水平增多。结论:阴茎组织内eNOS水平下降可能是DM患者发生ED的主要机制之一;同时,Cx43的表达呈代偿性增加,其功能有待进一步探讨。     

Ultrastructural changes of penile tunica albuginea in diabetic rats

Aim: To clarify the ultrastructural changes of penile tunica albuginea (TA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Intraperitoneal injection of STZ was used to induce diabetes mellitus (DM) in 12 Sprague Dawley rats. Ten rats (age and weight-matched) were used as control. Blood samples from the tail snips of the rats were used for the determination of serum glucose levels with SureStep Plus Blood Meter. At week 4 and 10 after the injection, half of the rats in each group were sacrificed and penile samples were obtained from the middle third of the penile shaft for the examination of TA under scanning electron microscopy. Results: In the diabetic group, the serum glucose levels were higher (P<0.01 at both time points) and the TA were thinner (P<0.05) than those of the controls. In the control group, the fibers of TA were rich and arranged regularly and undulated, while in the diabetic group, the fibers were diminished, lost the undulations and were arranged irregularly. Conclusion: In rat     

Ultrastructural changes of penile tunica albuginea in diabetic rats

Aim: To clarify the ultrastructural changes of penile tunica albuginea (TA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Intraperitoneal injection of STZ was used to induce diabetes mellitus (DM) in 12 Sprague Dawley rats. Ten rats (age and weight-matched) were used as control. Blood samples from the tail snips of the rats were used for the determination of serum glucose levels with SureStep Plus Blood Meter. At week 4 and 10 after the injection, half of the rats in each group were sacrificed and penile samples were obtained from the middle third of the penile shaft for the examination of TA under scanning electron microscopy. Results: In the diabetic group, the serum glucose levels were higher (P＜0.01 at both time points) and the TA were thinner (P＜0.05) than those of the controls.In the control group, the fibers of TA were rich and arranged regularly and undulated, while in the diabetic group, the fibers were diminished, lost the undulations and were arranged irregularly. Conclusion: In rats, DM appeared to impair the penile TA ultrastructures and this impairment could contribute to diabetic erectile dysfunction in part by impairing the veno-occlusive function. (Asian J Andro12004 Dec;6:365-368)