经腹超声及经阴道超声在早孕检查中的应用比较

目的：探讨经腹与经阴道超声技术对早孕检查的优势比较。方法：对同一组患者先经腹部超声检查子宫、孕囊、胚芽、胎心，再经阴道超声进一步检查，比较两者的结果。结果：43例早孕患者，经腹检查19例可见孕囊、胚芽及胎心，13例仅见孕囊、卵黄囊，11例仪见囊性结恂，经阴道超声检查23例可见孕囊、胚芽及胎心，16例可见孕囊、卵黄囊，4例仅见囊性结构，经腹超声对早孕显示满意率为74．4％，经Ⅲ道超声对早孕显示满意率为90．6％，经阴道超声的显示满意率明显高于经腹超声。结论：经阴道超声在早孕检查中明显优于经腹超声．可获得较好的临床效果。     

经腹与经阴道超声联合应用诊断前置胎盘的临床价值

目的：探讨经腹与经阴道超声联合诊断前置胎盘的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析临床证实为前置胎盘的65例患者的经腹与经阴道超声检查的资料。结果：经腹部超声检查诊断率为95．38％(62／65)，诊断符合率为89．23％(58／65)，联合应用诊断符合率为96．92％(63／65)。结论：经腹与经阴道超声联合应用能够提高前置胎盘诊断的符合率，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

宫外孕经腹与经阴道超声诊断的临床应用价值

目的：探讨经腹超声和经阴道超声在宫外孕诊断中的应用价值。方法：对183例宫外孕患者的手术结果及药物治疗后p—HCG值下降结果与经腹超声和经阴道超声检查结果进行对比分析。结果：宫外孕的经腹超声、经阴道超声表现为附件区非特异性包块；经腹超声检出附件包块的敏感性与包块大小相关；经阴道超声对未破裂型和流产型宫外孕的诊断明显优于经腹超声，对破裂型宫外孕的诊断二者无明显差异。结论：经腹超声和经阴道超声结合应用，可以相互补充，进一步提高宫外孕诊断准确率。     

经腹及经阴道超声、宫腔超声造影和宫腔镜诊断宫内病变

目的 评价经腹、经阴道超声及官腔超声造影、官腔镜对宫内病变的诊断价值。方法 常规经腹部、经阴道超声及生理盐水灌注官腔后经阴道超声观察宫内病变，官腔镜检查治疗宫内病变。结果 88例经腹超声，45例经阴道超声，39例官腔超声造影，23例行官腔镜检查治疗，数种方法结果比较：官腔超声造影和官腔镜的敏感性、准确性和阳性预测值最高，分别为94．29％、90．24％、94．29％和95、65％、91、67％、95．65％，两者差异无显著性意义。结论 经阴道超声、官腔超声造影是诊断官腔内病变的一种简便、经济、无痛苦无损伤、诊断率高的方法。     

经腹及经阴道超声对异位妊娠的诊断价值

目的：探讨经腹及经阴道超声对异位妊娠的诊断价值.方法：163例异位妊娠患者均行经腹超声及经阴道超声检查.结果：经腹超声检查对异位妊娠的诊断率为69.8%（113/162）,经阴道超声检查对异位妊娠的诊断率为96.9%（157/162）.结论：经阴道超声检查较经腹检查能更准确、更早期的诊断异位妊娠,对临床有着重要的意义.     

经腹与经阴道超声诊断早期宫外孕的对比研究

目的：探讨经阴道超声在提高早期破裂宫外孕的早期诊断与鉴别诊断的价值。方法：用46例临床上怀疑宫外孕的患进行经腹壁超声和经阴道超声检测对照分析。结果：通过经阴道与经腹壁超声检查早期宫外孕的对比，发现经阴道超声检查有着明显的优势，其确诊率达90％，其可见附件包块100％，结论：经阴道超声检查。可有效提高早期宫外孕确诊率，防止宫外孕破裂有着重要的临床意义。     

经腹联合经会阴超声对前置胎盘的诊断价值

目的探讨经腹联合经会阴超声检查对前置胎盘的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析临床证实为前置胎盘的49例患者经腹联合经会阴超声检查与经腹联合经阴道超声检查资料。结果经腹超声检查诊断符合率为79.6%(39/49),经腹联合经会阴超声检查诊断符合率提高到91.8%(45/49),经腹联合经阴道超声检查诊断符合率提高到93.9%(46/49)。结论经腹联合经阴道超声与经腹联合经会阴超声均能提高前置胎盘诊断的符合率,两者在诊断符合率方面比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);因经腹联合经会阴超声既方便又安全,故其在诊断前置胎盘方面具有更重要的临床价值。     

经腹超声与阴道超声相结合在异位妊娠诊断中的应用

目的 通过比较经腹超声(TAS)、经阴道超声(TVS)及其联合在异位妊娠诊断中的优缺点,探讨超声诊断异位妊娠的价值.方法 对120例怀疑异位妊娠患者进行腹部及阴道检查进行对比分析.结果 经腹超声诊断符合率60％,经阴道超声诊断符合率95 ％,经腹及经阴道联合诊断符合率97％.结论 超声诊断异位妊娠具有安全、快捷、无痛苦、准确、可重复检查等优势,是目前诊断本病最常用的检查方法之一,且经腹超声与经阴道超声相结合能明显提高异位妊娠的阳性率.     

经阴道超声和HCG测定诊断早期异位妊娠

目的：探讨经阴道超声,HCG测定对早期异位妊娠的诊断价值。方法：临床疑似异位妊娠患者102例,应用阴道超声检查,HCG测定诊断与手术病理结果进行分析。结果：诊断准确率为98．8％,漏诊2例,误诊3例。结合HCG测定诊断97例,其诊断准确率为96．9％。结论：经阴道超声是早期诊断异位妊娠最有价值的方法,结合HCG测定,使诊断准确率提高了2．0％,漏诊为0。     

经阴道超声与经腹部超声诊断异位妊娠的对比

目的：对比分析经阴道超声与经腹部超声在异位妊娠临床诊断中的应用价值.材料与方法：回顾我院2012年7月至2013年12月期间108例经手术病理证实的异位妊娠患者的临床资料、经腹彩色多普勒超声（TACDS）检查结果和经阴道彩色多普勒超声（TVCDS）检查结果.结果：108例患者,TACDS检查诊断异位妊娠67例,符合率62.04％;TVCDS检查诊断异位妊娠100例,符合率92.59％.结论：TVCDS较TACDS异位妊娠诊断率高,应在临床中推广应用.     

经直肠经阴道超声在提高膀胱肿瘤超声显示率中的价值

目的探讨应用经直肠、经阴道超声检查在提高膀胱肿瘤超声显示率中的价值。方法对42例经膀胱镜检、手术病理证实的膀胱肿瘤的经腹超声与经直肠/阴道超声检查结果进行对比分析。结果经腹超声、经直肠/阴道超声检查膀胱肿瘤的显示率分别为83.3%(35/42)、97.6%(41/42),P<0.05,二者有显著性差异。经腹超声漏诊7例中,经阴道/直肠超声显示6例,P<0.05,二者有显著性差异。结论经直肠、经阴道超声能弥补经腹超声检查的不足,提高膀胱肿瘤超声诊断显示率。     

脉络膜黑色素瘤的三维与二维超声成像的比较

目的 :通过三维与二维超声成像对脉络膜黑色素瘤的检查及比较 ,了解三维诊断技术的优越性。方法 :应用 OTI3Di- Scan眼科专用超声仪首先进行二维 B超检查 ,取肿瘤最清晰方位作三维检查 ,探头旋转 1 80度 ,连续取二维扫描图像 ,然后重建成三维图像。体积测定按需要设定病变的切割厚度 ,画出各切面的轮廓 ,由计算机算出体积。结果 :4例脉络膜黑色素瘤三维图像中 1例呈圆球形 ,3例为椭圆球形 ,并可观察任何切面的肿块内部结构。精确测定出肿块体积 ,其中最大 1例体积为 1 4 99.9mm3 。二维超声显像显示 1例圆形 ,3例为椭圆形。 4例都有挖空现象 ,3例有脉络膜凹陷及球后声影。测量肿块面积最大 1例为 1 1 .1 5mm× 1 7.66mm。结论 :诊断脉络膜黑色素瘤三维超声成像比二维超声成像更具有优越性。外部形态呈立体球形 ,与肿瘤实际形态接近 ,并可观察任意切面内部结构 ,能够精确测量肿瘤的体积     

Ultrasound Morphology of Polycaprolactone Filler

Nowadays, cosmetic fillers are widely used and the reports of complications are rising. Therefore, the possibility to detect and identify noninvasively new fillers can provide a potent tool for managing complications. The objective of this study was to assess the ultrasound morphology of polycaprolactone. First, polycaprolactone was injected into porcine skin and this sonographic morphology was prospectively compared with the one observed in patients injected with this filler. On sonography, polycaprolactone shows as hypoechoic deposits that present multiple bright hyperechoic spots with mini‐comet‐tail artifact. This morphology differs from the ultrasound appearance of other common fillers.     

Ultrasound Image Quality Comparison between an Inexpensive Handheld Emergency Department (ED) Ultrasound Machine and a Large Mobile ED Ultrasound System

Questions have been raised regarding image quality (IQ) provided by portable ultrasound (US) machines. OBJECTIVES: To determine if a difference exists between images obtained with a common portable US machine and those obtained with a more expensive, larger US machine when comparing typical views used by emergency physicians. METHODS: The authors performed a cross-sectional, blinded comparison of images from similar sonographic windows obtained on healthy models using a SonoSite 180 Plus and a General Electric (GE) 400 US machine. Both machines were optimized by company representatives. Images obtained included typical abdominal and vascular applications using the abdominal and linear transducers on each machine. All images were printed on identical high-resolution printers and then digitized using a bitmap format at 300 dots-per-inch resolution (RES). Images were then cropped, masked, and placed into random order comparing each view per model by a commercial Web design company (loracs.com). Three credentialed emergency physician sonologists, blinded to machine type, rated each image pair for RES, detail (DET), and total IQ as previously defined in the literature using a ten-point Likert scale; 10 was the best rating for each category. Paired t-test, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and interobserver correlation were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 49 image pairs were evaluated. Mean GE 400 RES, DET, and IQ scores were 6.8, 6.8, and 6.6, respectively. Corresponding SonoSite means were 6.3, 6.3, and 6.0, respectively. The difference of 0.5 (95% CI = 0.13 to 1.1) for DET was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). The differences of 0.5 (95% CI = 0.1 to 1.1) and 0.6 (95% CI = 0.2 to 1.2) for RES and IQ were statistically significant, with p = 0.01 and 0.01. There was good interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant difference was seen between GE 400 and SonoSite in IQ and RES, but not DET.     

The Ultrasound Challenge 2.0

The Ultrasound Challenge was developed at The Ohio State University College of Medicine to introduce focused ultrasound to medical students. The goal was to develop experience in ultrasound through practice and competition. Initially this competition was held between Ohio State University College of Medicine students from years 1 through 4. The Ultrasound Challenge 2.0 was held in 2013. The event expanded on the previous structure by including students from the Wayne State University College of Medicine. The goal of this article is to describe our experiences with expansion of our interinstitutional ultrasound event. The challenge consisted of 6 stations: focused assessment with sonography for trauma, aortic ultrasound, cardiac ultrasound, pelvic ultrasound, musculoskeletal ultrasound, and vascular access. The participants were given a handbook outlining the expectations for each station ahead of time. Vascular access was graded in real time using the Brightness Mode Quality Ultrasound Imaging Examination Technique (B‐QUIET) method. The remainder were timed, saved, and graded after the event by 3 independent faculty members using the B‐QUIET method. The highest score with the fastest time was the winner. The Ultrasound Challenge 2.0 included 40 participants: 31 from The Ohio State University College of Medicine and 9 from the Wayne State University College of Medicine. The makeup of the winners in all categories consisted of 1 first‐year medical student, 7 second‐year medical students, 3 third‐year medical students, and 10 fourth‐year medical students. The Ultrasound Challenge 2.0 was a success for those who participated. It provided the first known interinstitutional medical student ultrasound competition. Students from both institutions were able to practice their image acquisition skills, demonstrate abilities in a competitive environment, and develop collegiality and teamwork.     

二维与三维超声在眼科疾病中的对照研究

目的 旨在对比二维超声与三维超声在眼科疾病的应用价值。方法 利用高频探头对眼科不同类别的疾病进行二维图像与三维图像的对比观察。结果 三维图像能比二维图像有较高的空间立体成像感，尤其是在视网膜脱离与玻璃体积血中机化膜的鉴别诊断中有较高价值。结论 三维超声成像在大多数眼科疾病鉴别诊断中能提供较二维图像更多的信息。     

Ultrasound Transducer Selection in Clinical Imaging Practice

Many types of medical ultrasound transducers are used in clinical practice. They operate at different center frequencies, have different physical dimensions, footprints, and shapes, and provide different image formats. However, little information is available about which transducers are most appropriate for a given application, and the purpose of this article is to address this deficiency. Specifically, the relationship between the transducer, imaging format, and clinical applications is discussed, and systematic selection criteria that allow matching of transducers to specific clinical needs are presented. These criteria include access to and coverage of the region of interest, maximum scan depth, and coverage of essential diagnostic modes required to optimize a patient's diagnosis. Three comprehensive figures organize and summarize the imaging planes, scanning modes, and types of diagnostic transducers to facilitate their selection in clinical diagnosis.     

Conventional Ultrasound and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Splenic Diseases

Accurate diagnosis of splenic diseases is important for timely and accurate treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and conventional ultrasound (US) in detecting splenic lesions. A systematic literature search was undertaken, and 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The sensitivity and specificity of the consolidated results of CEUS were 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92–0.97) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.90–0.99), respectively (I² = 27.4%; area under the curve [AUC] from a summary receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.97). The sensitivity and specificity of the consolidated results of conventional US were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.56–0.80) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.76–0.99; I² = 83.4%; AUC = 0.84). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of CEUS were higher than those of conventional US in diagnosing splenic lesions. Contrast-enhanced US is a promising method for accurately diagnosing splenic lesions.