首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
目的 调查和研究海阳市环境介质中90Sr放射性水平,为评价海阳核电厂的运行对周围环境影响提供基础数据。方法 参照《水和生物样品灰中90Sr的放射化学分析方法》HJ815-2016、《土壤中90Sr的分析方法》EJ/T 1035-2011方法分析。结果 环境水样中90Sr活度范围为(2.49~6.68)mBq/L,土壤中90Sr活度范围为(0.223~1.63)Bq/kg,生物样品中90Sr活度范围为(0.063~0.140)Bq/kg·鲜。结论 海阳市环境介质中90Sr放射性水平未见异常。  相似文献   

2.
目的 田湾核电站VVER机组厂房设计、工艺系统与其他压水堆电站存在部分差异性,为保障工作人员的健康,开展了氚相关的剂量监测和评价工作。方法 商运后,通过核岛厂房中空气中氚化水的单位体积内放射性活度监测和工作人员尿氚监测两种监测方式开展。结果 机组解列状态下,反应堆厂房空气中氚浓度未超过12 000 Bq/m3,其余检修节点,反应堆厂房空气中氚浓度未超过4 500 Bq/m3;所有检修节点,其余核岛厂房氚浓度均未超过600 Bq/m3;工作人员历史尿氚剂量监测结果基本低于40 μSv;氚致内照射集体剂量占总集体剂量比例在1%以内。结论 田湾核电站未发生过工作人员意外摄入氚事件,氚致个人剂量和集体剂量都较低,辐射风险较低。  相似文献   

3.
目的 尿液中氚的浓度是核设施工作人员受氚内照射污染严重程度的重要指标,对尿氚分析结果进行不确定度评价,能为相关国家标准的修订提供参考。方法 以液闪法检测尿氚为例,通过样品前处理、尿氚的测量和活度浓度的计算,对尿氚分析不确定度来源、数学模型的建立、标准不确定度的合成、不确定度分量和扩展不确定度的分析计算进行了探讨。结果 4个样品尿氚的相对不确定度分别为11.5%、18.2%、17.5%和20.9%,尿氚分析结果分别为(6.2±1.5) Bq/L、(3.8±1.4) Bq/L、(3.9±1.4) Bq/L、(3.2±1 4) Bq/L。结论 β计数统计误差为尿氚分析不确定度的主要来源。  相似文献   

4.
目的 调查居民膳食中放射性核素210Po含量及所致公众内照射剂量水平。方法 通过主要食品集散市场,采集肉类、蔬菜、水果、水产、谷类、奶类等50余种食品样品,使用湿式灰化和金属自沉积结合的方法测定食品样品中210Po含量,并估算评价210Po所致居民内照射剂量及其相对贡献。结果 50余种食品中210Po活度浓度为8.34 mBq/kg·鲜~16.9 Bq/kg·鲜,带鱼中210Po含量较高,为16.9 Bq/kg·鲜,高于其他淡水鱼类。根据测定数据估算出居民210Po年摄入量为108 Bq/人,210Po所致成人年待积有效剂量为129 μSv/a,贡献相对较大的是面类(15.2%)、蛋类(22.0%)、水产品(17.1%)、植物油(18.1%)。结论 居民210Po年摄入量低于现行标准中规定的成人210Po年摄入量限值(2 200 Bq)。  相似文献   

5.
目的 测试空气冷凝法对氚化水蒸气的采集与测量性能,为更好开展核电厂外围环境空气中氚化水蒸气的监督性监测提供技术支持。方法 将环境空气中的水蒸气冷凝为液态水,然后蒸馏纯化液态水样品,再用液体闪烁计数器测试水中氚的活度浓度,并对方法的精密度、准确度、探测下限等进行测试,验证方法的适用性。结果 该方法实验室内多组样品测试结果相对标准偏差平均值为14.2%,相对误差范围为-9.8%~5.2%,探测下限可达13.7 mBq/m3,适用于湿润环境条件下空气中氚化水蒸气样品的采集与测量。结论 该方法可用于在湿润季节时核电厂周边空气中氚化水蒸气样品的采集与测量。  相似文献   

6.
海阳核电厂周边海水中氚放射性水平   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 调查海阳核电厂运行前周边海水中氚的放射性水平,为评价海阳核电站在正常运行期间、事故及事故后对周边海水影响提供氚的本底数据。方法 依据《水中氚的分析方法》(GB12375-90),使用现有的设备进行蒸馏、电解和测量。结果 海阳核电厂运行前周边海水中氚的活度浓度的范围为0.287~0.748 Bq·L-1,算数平均数为0.517 Bq·L-1,标准误为0.023 Bq·L-1结论 海阳核电厂运行前周边海水中氚的活度浓度处在正常本底水平,该结果可作为海阳核电站运行对周边海水氚影响的本底参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
目的 为氚内照射剂量估算方法的选择和方法所适用的工作场景及剂量准确评估提供重要依据。方法 比较尿氚浓度监测的2种方法估算待积有效剂量的过程和公式,解释空气氚浓度监测法的局限性,从适用范围、测量方法等方面,对比分析上述方法。结果 利用空气氚浓度监测和尿氚浓度监测法估算人员3和10的待积有效剂量大小相反;E(τ)1E(τ)3高的百分比绝对值的平均数为29.6%,E(τ)2E(τ)3的值为72.4%,参考人氚剂量估算法的结果与空气中氚浓度监测法计算的结果一致性更好,利用空气氚浓度监测法偏向于低估氚的待积有效剂量。结论 建议使用尿氚浓度监测法估算待积有效剂量,不建议使用空气氚浓度监测;采用参考人氚剂量估算法或是尿氚活度浓度积分法,应结合个人代谢情况、工作环境和摄入时间明确与否等多个因素而定,另外应按时、多次采尿样监测。  相似文献   

8.
目的 对比苏州市和秦山核电站周围环境水体中的氚水平,为核电站的安全运行提供评价依据,并了解核电站运行后是否对苏州市水体产生显著的负面影响。方法 分别采集秦山地区和苏州地区地表水(湖水、河水)及饮用水(自来水)水样,样品预处理和制备均采用国家标准GB 12375-90推荐的方法,氚浓度测量用低本底液体闪烁谱仪。结果 秦山核电站周边地区水体中氚的含量:湖水平均为8.42Bq/L,河水平均为1.16Bq/L,自来水全部低于仪器的探测下限;苏州地表水和地下水的水样中氚含量全部低于仪器的探测下限。结论 秦山核电站排放的氚含量在核电厂环境辐射防护规定(GB6249-1986)的允许范围内,不会对当地及其他地区的地表水和居民饮用水造成大的影响。  相似文献   

9.
目的 建立一种适合低温(-15℃~5℃)环境下空气中氚化水蒸气的采样方法,为北方核电厂外围环境空气中氚化水蒸气的监测提供技术支持。方法 以3A分子筛为吸附材料,采用主动抽气法采集室外环境空气中的水蒸气,用于环境空气中氚化水蒸气样品的采集,并对采样速率、效率、记忆性等进行了优化和测试,验证方法的适用性。结果 采样速率在1.0~3.0 L/min时采样效率大于99%,采样方法记忆效应约3%。结论 该采样方法可以实现冬季低温环境空气中氚化水蒸气样品的采集。  相似文献   

10.
目的 掌握大亚湾、岭澳核电站周围生活饮用水中总α、总β放射性水平,了解核电站正常运行状态下对周围环境饮用水放射性水平的影响。方法 根据国家《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)测量水样中的总α、总β放射性。结果 水源水的总α、总β放射性活度分别为0.028 Bq/L、0.122 Bq/L,出厂水的总α、总β放射性活度分别为0.014 Bq/L、0.103 Bq/L,末梢水的总α、总β放射性活度分别为0.013 Bq/L、0.110 Bq/L。结论 核电站周围饮用水总放射性水平处于正常本底值,未见核电站运行对核电站周围饮用水的放射性水平产生影响。  相似文献   

11.
目的 获取防城港核电厂运行初期周围环境中90Sr放射性水平,评估防城港核电厂周围辐射环境影响。方法 依据《辐射环境监测技术规范》(HJ/T 61—2001)等国家相关标准,开展核电厂周边环境中90Sr水平调查。结果 2016—2018年,防城港核电厂周围环境中大气沉降物中90Sr活度浓度范围0.151~3.78 mBq/m2.d,雨水中90Sr活度浓度范围0.317~6.48 mBq/L,饮用水中90Sr活度浓度范围<0.350~2.38 mBq/L,地下水中90Sr活度浓度范围0.403~3.18 mBq/L,地表水中90Sr活度浓度范围<0.353~4.59 mBq/L,海水中90Sr活度浓度范围0.526~4.16 mBq/L,土壤中90Sr活度浓度范围0.160~3.62 Bq/kg,岸边沉积物中90Sr活度浓度范围0.185~0.841 Bq/kg,潮间带土中90Sr活度浓度范围0.363~1.32 Bq/kg,底泥中90Sr活度浓度范围0.180~0.736 Bq/kg,生物中90Sr活度浓度范围<0.0160~5.54 Bq/kg·鲜。结论 防城港核电周围环境中90Sr放射性水平在正常范围内波动,与我国其他地区调查结果相近。  相似文献   

12.
Our earlier study of acute tritiated water intakes in humans has demonstrated that the dose contribution from metabolized organically bound tritium is less than 10% of the body water dose. To further demonstrate that the dose contribution from the organically bound tritium per unit intake of tritiated water is the same, regardless of whether the intake is acute (all at once) or chronic (spread over time), urine samples from six male radiation workers with chronic tritiated water intakes were collected and analyzed for tritium. These workers have a well-documented dose history and a well-controlled tritium bioassay database, providing assurance that their tritium intakes were in the form of tritiated water. Each month for a full calendar year, urine samples were collected from each exposed worker. The monthly concentration of tritiumin-urine for each exposed worker was no lower than 10(4) Bq L(-1) but no higher than 10(5) Bq L(-1). These urine samples were analyzed for tritiated water and organically bound tritium to determine the ratio of these tritiated species in urine. The average ratio of tritiated water to organically bound tritium in urine for each exposed worker was 330 +/- 129 (range, 297-589). In calculating the dose to these workers, we assumed that, under steady-state conditions, the ratio of the specific activity of tritium (3H activity per gH) in the organic matter and water fractions of urine is representative of the ratio of the specific activity of tritium in the organic matter and water fractions of soft tissue. A mathematical model was developed and used to estimate the dose increase from the metabolized organically bound tritium based on the ratio of tritiated water to organically bound tritium in urine. The resulting average dose from the organically bound tritium was 6.9 +/- 3.1% (range, 4.7-9.9%) of the body water dose for the six male workers, and agrees well with the value obtained from our acute tritiated water intakes study in humans. The observed dose contribution from organically bound tritium, relative to body water dose, is in agreement with current recommendations of assigning 10% of total body water dose for organically bound tritium in soft tissues after tritiated water intakes.  相似文献   

13.
目的 研究无锡市环境样品中总α和总β的放射性水平,完善放射水平资料,及时发现可能的放射性污染.方法 使用BH 1227型低本底α、β测量仪,测量无锡市环境中沉降灰、气溶胶、饮用水及食品中总α和总β的放射性水平.结果 2014-2019年无锡市环境样品中,食品样品总α和总β的平均放射性水平分别约为0.01~5.98、9....  相似文献   

14.
Polished rice samples harvested in 1985 were collected from 25 prefectures throughout Japan. Concentrations of both tissue free water tritium (TFWT) and organically bound tritium (OBT) were determined. Nearly uniform distribution of the TFWT and OBT concentrations was observed in Japan, taking into account a relatively large counting error. The average values for all Japanese polished rice were 2.69 +/- 0.74 Bq/L for the TFWT concentration, 2.01 +/- 0.78 Bq/L for the OBT concentration and 0.83 +/- 0.32 for the specific activity ratio. The TFWT concentration was within the range of tritium concentration of the land water reported by other researchers. The specific activity ratio below unity also confirmed by analyses of the 4 Chinese polished rice samples suggests that OBT in the rice is not equilibrated with TFWT or HTO in the environment because of isotope discrimination.  相似文献   

15.
Theoretical organically bound tritium dose estimates   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
DeVol TA  Powell BA 《Health physics》2004,86(2):183-186
This paper illustrates a theoretical approach to estimating the dose associated with the ingestion of both organically bound tritium and tissue free water tritium relative to the ingestion of only tissue free water tritium. Organically bound tritium, specifically non-exchangeable OBT, can result in an increased dose relative to that from exchangeable organically bound tritium and tissue free water tritium because of the longer biological half-life of the former resulting in a dose conversion factor that is twice that of the latter. Non-exchangeable organically bound tritium is tritium that is bound to carbon whereas exchangeable organically bound tritium is tritium bound to oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. Tissue free water ranges from 85+% in most fruits and vegetables down to approximately 10% in grains. The remaining edible food mass consists, in part, of exchangeable and nonexchangeable hydrogen that is incorporated into carbohydrates, proteins and fat. The potential organically bound tritium content of several common food items was calculated knowing the amount of bound and unbound hydrogen that exists in these foods and by assuming that the hydrogen to tritium ratio is the same for the "free water" and bound hydrogen compartments. The theoretical ratio of dose from ingestion of organically bound tritium and tissue free water tritium to dose from ingestion of only tissue free water tritium was calculated to be on average within 12%, 30%, and 261% of experimentally based values for fruits and vegetables, meats and eggs, and grains, respectively. The difference is attributed to the T:H ratio being a function of the kinetics associated with the assimilation of tritium into the tissues.  相似文献   

16.
目的 通过对南京市饮用水、气溶胶及市售食品中总α和总β放射性水平监测和分析,掌握本市环境介质和食品中总α和总β放射性水平.方法 采集水源水、出厂水、气溶胶、鸡肉、猪肉、茎菜、根菜、生鲜牛乳、叶菜、面粉、水果、大米、茶叶、鱼及螃蟹15种样品,将样品进行前处理后,用LB4008型四路低本底αβ测量仪测定总α和总β活度浓度....  相似文献   

17.
目的 对湘江衡阳段水体中总放射性水平进行检测,并对数据进行放射卫生学评价。方法 利用241Am和KCl作为总α、β放射性测量的标准物质,采用中等厚度相对测量法测量衡阳段湘江水中总放射性水平。结果 水样中总α放射性水平为0.0012~0.058 Bq/L,总β放射性水平为0.013~0.3742 Bq/L,经方差分析,各水样间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论 水样中总α、总β放射性活度均低于国家标准限值,可知湘江衡阳段水体未受到人工放射性核素的污染。  相似文献   

18.
目的 了解田湾核电站周边的饮用水中总放射性本底水平。方法 根据原国家卫生计划委员会方案要求在田湾核电站周围开展枯水期、丰水期饮用水中总α、总β放射性水平监测,采集水样包括水源水、出厂水、末梢水及水库水。结果 2016—2018年共35个采样点监测水样200份。枯水期总α、总β放射性水平分别为(0.038 ±0.033) Bq/L、(0.11 ±0.03) Bq/L,丰水期总α、总β放射性水平分别为(0.038 ±0.024) Bq/L、(0.11 ±0.03) Bq/L。枯水期的水源水其他水中总α、总β放射性水平差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。不同年份的水中总α、总β放射性水平差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。距核电站不同距离的水中总α、总β放射性水平差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论 田湾核电站周边的饮用水中总α、总β放射性水平均符合生活饮用水标准,应坚持定期、定点、持续开展监测,并在此基础上开展放射性核素监测和放射生态学调查等研究。考虑到我国核电站周边人员密集,应加强人员的核应急培训。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号