由2，4，6—三硝基甲苯高选择性合成2—氨基—4，6—二硝基甲苯（1）、2，6—二氨基—4—硝基甲苯（2）或2，4，6—三氨基甲苯（3）

伯胺在无水 DMF中 ,与 CO2 、卤代烷、Cs2 CO3、TBAI反应 ,得 N ,N -二烷基氨基甲酸酯 ,3例收率 80 %～ 87%。如反应前后阶段加不同卤代烷 ,则得到不同烷基取代的氨基甲酸酯 ,11例收率 5 6 %～ 92 %。由伯胺和卤代烷制备N-烷基氨基甲酸酯@谭璨     

天然化合物6—羟基—2—甲基—2—（4—甲基—3—戊烯基）—2H—苯并吡 …

６－羟基－２－甲基－２－（４－甲基－３－戊烯基）－２Ｈ－苯并吡喃是从Ｐｈａｃｅｌｉａ ｉｘｏｄｅｓ Ｋｅｌｌｏｇｇ．中分离出的具有抗脂质氧化作用的天然化合物，报道以１，４－环己二酮为起始原料经３步合成此天然化合物的过程。     

2，6—二氯—4—硝基苯胺的合成

2,6-二氯-4-硝基苯胺(1)俗称氯硝胺,是一种农用广谱杀菌剂及化工中间体[1],由对硝基苯胺(2)经氯代而得。文献报道[1～5]氯代试剂有多种,如HCl-NaClO3、HCl-NaOCl、HCl-H2O2、SO2Cl2及HCl-Cl2等。本文用HCl-NaBO3合成1,不仅可以准确控制投料量,而且对环境污染小,收率96%以上。实验部分2(1.38g,0.01mol)置于H2O(6ml)和浓HCl(30ml)中,于40°C下分批加入过硼酸钠(NaBO3·NH2　2HCl　NaBO3　NO2ClNH2Cl　14H2O,3.10g,0.02mol)。加毕,反应30min,升温至60°C,继续反应15min。冷至室温,过滤,水洗,干燥,得黄色固体1(2.00g,96.4%)…     

2—氨基—2—（6—甲氧基—2—萘基）丙酸的合成

２┐氨基┐２┐（６┐甲氧基┐２┐萘基）丙酸的合成△ＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＩＳＯＦ２┐ＡＭＩＮＯ┐２┐（６┐ＭＥＴＨＯＸＹ┐２┐ＮＡＰＨＴＨＬＹ）ＰＲＯＰＩＯＮＩＣＡＣＩＤ胡艾希赵海涛周艳平（湖南大学化学化工学院，长沙４１００８２）ＨＵＡｉ－Ｘｉ，ＺＨＡＯＨａ...     

4-[4″-(2″,2″,6″,6″-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基)氨基]-4′-去甲表鬼臼毒对L1210细胞系增殖、克隆形成和DNA合成的影响

新合成的鬼臼毒自旋标记衍生物4-(4″-(2″,2″,6″,6″-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基)氨基)-4′-去甲表鬼臼毒(GP-7)显著抑制体外培养的L1210细胞生长。抑制作用和浓度及处理时间正相关,作用特点和鬼臼乙叉甙(VP-16)相似,24,48hIC_(50)分别为1.51和0.13μmol/L。GP-7和VP-16对L1210细胞软琼脂克隆形成均有抑制作用,且有浓度依赖性,IC_(50)分别为3.29和2.82μmol/L。GP-70.08～100μmol/L对L1210细胞DNA合成抑制率为18.4～80.7％。本文结果表明GP-7体外抗肿瘤作用与VP-16相似。     

4-[4”-(2”,2”,6”,6”-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基)氨基]-4’-去甲表鬼臼毒抗肿瘤作用

新合成的鬼臼毒素氮氧自由基衍生物4-[4”-(2”,2”,6”,6”-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基)氨基]-4’-去甲表鬼臼毒(GP-7)显著抑制小鼠移植性肿瘤S180、实体型HePS和Lewis肺癌生长;7.5～20mg/kg,给药10d,抑瘤率分别为36.0％～58.4%、29.6%～60.0%和27.2%～46.5%;抑制作用和鬼臼乙叉甙(VP-16)相似。GP-7小鼠一次ip,LD_(50)为231.2mg/kg,是VP-16的3.3倍;连续给药10d,对小鼠脾和胸腺指数的影响较VP-16小,对小鼠WBC的影响和VP-16相同。GP-7和VP-165mg/L处理L1210细胞24h,抑瘤率分别为75.5%和73.6%;处理SGC-7901细胞72h,抑瘤率分别为81.4%和84.2%。     

4-［4″-(2″, 2″, 6″, 6″-四甲基-1″-哌啶氮氧自由基)氨基］-4′-去甲表鬼臼毒素对K562/ADM细胞的抑制作用

目的 比较4-［4″-(2″, 2″, 6″, 6″-四甲基-1″-哌啶氮氧自由基)氨基］-4′-去甲表鬼臼毒素（GP-7）对多药耐药人慢性粒细胞白血病K562的多柔比星耐药株细胞（K562/ADM细胞）的抑制作用是否优于依托泊苷。方法 以依托泊苷和K562细胞为对照，用不同浓度GP-7处理K562/ADM细胞不同时间，MTT比色法测定细胞增殖，流式细胞仪测定细胞周期和细胞凋亡率，普通光学显微镜观察细胞凋亡形态，琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察细胞DNA凋亡性降解。结果 8～128 mol·L^-1 GP-7处理48 h或64 μmol·L^-1 GP-7处理24～72 h，GP-7对K562/ADM细胞的增殖抑制呈剂量依赖性（r=0.947，P＜0.05)和时间依赖性(r=0.999，P＜0.01)。GP-7及依托泊苷对K562/ADM的IC₅₀分别为(45.9±1.8)及(68.7±4.6)μmol·L^-1；64 μmol·L^-1 GP-7作用48 h可使G₂/M期细胞明显增多，相同情况下依托泊苷则使S期细胞明显增多；GP-7可引起K562/ADM和K562细胞凋亡，但其引起的K562/ADM和K562细胞凋亡率与依托泊苷无明显差异；GP-7可引起K562/ADM和K562细胞典型的凋亡形态学变化和DNA凋亡性降解，但GP-7引起的K562/ADM细胞DNA凋亡性降解弱于K562细胞；128及256 μmol·L^-1 GP-7或依托泊苷处理K562/ADM和K562细胞48 h，GP-7诱导DNA凋亡性降解的作用强于依托泊苷，但32和64 μmol·L^-1时作用则相反。结论 GP-7可抑制多药耐药白血病细胞株K562/ADM的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。GP-7抑制多药耐药白血病细胞株K562/ADM的作用优于依托泊苷。     

4-[4″-(2″,2″,6″,6″-四甲基-1″-哌啶氮氧自由基)氨基]-4′-去甲表鬼臼毒素对K562/ADM细胞的抑制作用

目的比较4-[4″-(2″,2″,6″,6″-四甲基-1″-哌啶氮氧自由基)氨基]-4′-去甲表鬼臼毒素(GP-7)对多药耐药人慢性粒细胞白血病K562的多柔比星耐药株细胞(K562/ADM细胞)的抑制作用是否优于依托泊苷。方法以依托泊苷和K562细胞为对照,用不同浓度GP-7处理K562/ADM细胞不同时间,MTT比色法测定细胞增殖,流式细胞仪测定细胞周期和细胞凋亡率,普通光学显微镜观察细胞凋亡形态,琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察细胞DNA凋亡性降解。结果8~128mol.L-1GP-7处理48h或64μmol.L-1GP-7处理24~72h,GP-7对K562/ADM细胞的增殖抑制呈剂量依赖性(r=0.947,P<0.05)和时间依赖性(r=0.999,P<0.01)。GP-7及依托泊苷对K562/ADM的IC50分别为(45.9±1.8)及(68.7±4.6)μmol.L-1;64μmol.L-1GP-7作用48h可使G2/M期细胞明显增多,相同情况下依托泊苷则使S期细胞明显增多;GP-7可引起K562/ADM和K562细胞凋亡,但其引起的K562/ADM和K562细胞凋亡率与依托泊苷无明显差异;GP-7可引起K562/ADM和K562细胞典型的凋亡形态学变化和DNA凋亡性降解,但GP-7引起的K562/ADM细胞DNA凋亡性降解弱于K562细胞;128及256μmol.L-1GP-7或依托泊苷处理K562/ADM和K562细胞48h,GP-7诱导DNA凋亡性降解的作用强于依托泊苷,但32和64μmol.L-1时作用则相反。结论GP-7可抑制多药耐药白血病细胞株K562/ADM的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。GP-7抑制多药耐药白血病细胞株K562/ADM的作用优于依托泊苷。     

高效液相色谱法测定4-[4″-(2″,2″,6″,6″-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基)氨基]-4'-去甲表鬼臼毒素大鼠血浆浓度及药代动力学参数

建立了大鼠血浆中4-[4″-(2″,2″,6″,6″-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基)氨基]-4'-去甲表鬼臼毒素(GP-7)浓度的HPLC测定方法。用ODS柱分离,甲醇-水-冰醋酸(59:41:0.6)为流动相,检测波长285nm。血浆甲乙醚-二氯甲烷混合液萃取,45℃水浴蒸干,残渣用流动相溶解进样,内标法定量;血药浓度在2～200μg·ml^-1范围内呈线性关系,r=0.9997,血浆最低检测浓度0.2μg·ml^-1,方法回收率94%～100%,日内、日间RSD2.29%～7.70%。大鼠ivGP-710,20,30mg·kg^-1,药代动力学过程符合二室开放模型,消除半衰期为39.8±10.8min。     

Effects of isomeric 2-(Arylmethylamino)-1,3-propanediols (AMAPs) and clinically established agents on macromolecular synthesis in P388 and MCF-7 cells

Summary The in vitro effects of the 2-(arylmethylamino)-1,3-propanediols (AMAPs) on macromolecular synthesis have been examined using the murine leukemia, P388, and the human mammary adenocarcinoma, MCF-7, under conditions of short-term drug exposure. AMAPs that were observed to inhibit macromolecular synthesis produced nearly equipotent inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. Equivalent inhibition of protein synthesis generally required significantly greater concentrations of AMAP. There is a general correlation between inhibition of polynucleotide synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity. The effects of four clinical candidate AMAPs (crisnatol, 773U82, 502U83, and 7U85) on macromolecular synthesis were further compared with those of actinomycin D, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, etoposide, amsacrine, and cisplatin in MCF-7 cells. The pattern of AMAP action was most similar to that observed for doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. Finally, the effects of these four AMAPs on the size, specific activity, and rate of incorporation of [³H]-dTTP into DNA of MCF-7 cells synchronized by pretreatment with hydroxyurea was determined. It was found that DNA synthesis was inhibited by AMAPs independent of inhibition of the uptake, phosphorylation, or retention of the metabolic precursors. These results support the theory that antitumor AMAPs interfere with the normal functioning of enzymes, such as topoisomerase II or DNA and RNA polymerases, which interact with DNA.     

Effects of complex of 3,6-di-(dimethylamino)-dibenzopyriodonium with praseodymium dicitrate on the syntheses of DNA, RNA, protein, nucleoprotein and ATP of leukemia L 7712 cells in mice

The incorporations of [3H] thymidine, [3H]uridine and [3H]leucine into DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in leukemia 7712 cells were inhibited by the complex of 3,6-di-(dimethylamino)-dibenzopyriodonium with praseodymium (Pr, rare earth element) dicitrite 34 micrograms/ml for 3-24 h. The degree of inhibition increased in proportion to the incubation time. After being treated with [C17H20N2I]3[Pr(C6H5O7)2] 34 micrograms/ml for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h, the incorporation of [32P]Na2HPO4 into the nucleoprotein of leukemia 7712 cells was inhibited by 49, 57, 65 and 85%, while those into ATP were inhibited by 43, 59, 65 and 83%, respectively. The ID50 of [C17H20N2I]3[Pr(C6H5O7)2] on DNA synthesis in leukemia 7712 cells at 24 h was 22 micrograms/ml. After the complex was removed from the medium entirely, the rate of DNA synthesis decreased with time over 3-12 h. This result indicated that the inhibition mechanism was likely due to damage to the DNA template.     

Podophyllic acid piperidyl hydrazone nitroxide radical and etoposide on nucleic acids and protein metabolism of leukemia L7712 cells in vitro

Podophyllic acid piperidyl hydrazone nitroxide radical (GP-1) and etoposide (VP-16), derivatives of podophyllotoxin, inhibited DNA, RNA, protein and ATP synthesis of leukemia L7712 cells at a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml. Inhibitory extents were dependent on the exposure time from 3 to 24 h. The inhibitory rates of both drugs were about 15-66%. ID50 of GP-1 and VP-16 on the synthesis of L7712 cells at 24 h were 0.16 and 0.38 micrograms/ml, respectively. The dose-response curve of GP-1 was a parabolic one, while that of VP-16 was a straight line. The inhibition of GP-1 or VP-16 on DNA synthesis existed also after cells washing. It is suggested that the antitumor effects of GP-1 and VP-16 seem to be related to the damage of DNA template.     

Effect of 4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl nicotinate (KCD-232) on cholesterol metabolism in rats

The effects of 4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl nicotinate (KCD-232), a new hypolipidemic agent, on serum cholesterol level and cholesterol biosynthesis were studied in normolipidemic rats. KCD-232 dose-dependently reduced the serum cholesterol level. The in vivo incorporation of [14C]-acetate and 3H from [3H]water into liver digitonin-precipitable sterols was inhibited by oral administration of KCD-232, while that of [14C]mevalonic acid into the sterols was not inhibited. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activity was suppressed significantly by the oral administration of the drug. A KCD-232 metabolite, 4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)benzoic acid (MII), strongly inhibited [14C]acetate incorporation and weakly inhibited [14C]mevalonic acid incorporation into the sterols in liver slices. MII also significantly inhibited the sterol synthetic rate measured with [3H]water and the HMG-CoA reductase activity in dispersed hepatocytes. MII and its CoA thioester (MII-CoA) inhibited the incorporation of [14C]acetate, [14C]acetyl-CoA and [14C]HMG-CoA into nonsaponifiable lipids in a cell-free enzyme system from rat liver. MII-CoA further showed a weak inhibition of [14C]-mevalonic acid incorporation into nonsaponifiable lipids in the system, while MII showed no effect on mevalonic acid incorporation. These results indicate that KCD-232 possesses a major inhibitory site for sterol synthesis on HMG-CoA reductase due to both MII and MII-CoA, and a possible second site of action beyond mevalonic acid due to MII-CoA. The latter inhibitory site, however, is considered to play a minor role in the inhibition of sterol synthesis in vivo.