甲硫氨酸脑啡肽对抗体和白细胞介素－2的产生和基因转录的影响

甲硫氨酸脑啡肽对抗体的产生和Ｔ细胞免疫功能具有调节作用。为了明确这种作用机制，本实验观察了抗体和白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）的产生和基因表达。甲硫氨酸脑啡肽对３Ｆ３杂交瘤细胞的抗体产生及其轻链和重链基因表达影响不明显。较高浓度的甲硫氨酸脑啡肽（０．１ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１）－１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ（－１））不仅促进ＩＬ－２的产生和ＩＬ－２ｍＲＮＡ的转录，而且能提高ＩＬ－２ｍＲＮＡ的稳定性。     

TGF-beta 1 differentially regulates IL-2 expression and [3H]-thymidine incorporation in CD3 epsilon mAb- and CD28 mAb-activated splenocytes and thymocytes

Transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) is a critical bifunctional regulator of inflammatory responses. Evidence strongly suggests that these regulatory consequences are, at least in part, a result of profound pleiotropic effects on T lymphocyte effector function. The mechanisms underlying the contradictory biological effects of TGF-beta(1) remain ambiguous. The objective of the present studies was to test the hypothesis that the concentration of TGF-beta(1) and the temporal relationship between activation of the T cell receptor (TCR) and the TGF-beta receptor regulate the effect of TGF-beta(1) on T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Toward this end, we have quantified the concentration- and time-dependent effect of TGF-beta(1) on interleukin-2 (IL-2) protein secretion as an index of T lymphocyte activation and [3H]-thymidine incorporation as an index of cell proliferation in primary splenocytes and thymocytes. Our results suggest that TGF-beta(1) stimulates IL-2 production at low concentrations (0.1-1 pg/ml) and conversely inhibits IL-2 production at high concentrations (1-10 ng/ml) in CD3epsilon monoclonal antibody (mAb)+/-CD28 mAb-activated splenocytes. Additionally, concentrations of TGF-beta(1) that stimulate IL-2 production in CD3epsilon mAb+CD28 mAb-activated splenocytes concominantly inhibit splenocyte proliferation under similar conditions. Furthermore, we provide evidence suggesting that the effects of TGF-beta(1) on T lymphocytes are dependent upon the temporal relationship between activation of the TCR and the TGF-beta receptor. A time-dependent loss of a stimulatory effect and a concomitant gain of an inhibitory response by TGF-beta(1) on IL-2 production in response to CD3epsilon and CD28 mAbs is observed when TGF-beta(1) is added following T lymphocyte activation. In summary, these data unequivocally demonstrate that the orchestration of paradoxical effects of TGF-beta(1) on T-lymphocyte function is dependent upon the concentration of TGF-beta(1) and the temporal relationship between activation of signaling through the TCR and the TGF-beta receptor. Future mechanistic studies addressing the putative role that these factors play in modulating the effects of TGF-beta(1) on T lymphocyte activity will undoubtedly provide valuable insight towards the pharmacological intervention of inflammatory responses.     

白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂对佐剂性关节炎大鼠免疫功能的影响

采用大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型，在致炎后ｄ１８取出关节炎大鼠脾脏和腹腔渗出液，制备脾细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞悬液，并运用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入法等免疫学方法观察白细胞介素１受体拮抗剂（ＩＬ－１ｒａ）对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的淋巴细胞增殖功能、ＩＬ－２和ＩＬ－１产生的影响。结果表明，ＩＬ－１ｒａ（１～３２μｇ·Ｌ－１）在体外能明显抑制大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生ＩＬ－１，促进脾淋巴细胞增殖及ＩＬ－２的产生。可能与其作用于白细胞介素１受体有关。     

Effects of esculentoside A on production of interleukin-1, 2, and prostaglandin E2

AIM: To investigate the influence of esculentoside A (EsA) on immunological function and its mechanism of antiinflammation. METHODS: Interleukin-1 production was measured by thymocyte co-stimulating assay; the radioactivity of [^3H]arachidonic acid (AA) was used to evaluate the release of AA; prostaglandin E2 production was measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA); IL-2 and IFN-γ were detected by ELISA method. RESULTS: EsA (3-12μmol/L)could potently inhibit the production of IL-1 and PGE2 from both silent and LPS induced macrophages.EsA had no significant effect on the release of AA from murine macrophages. EsA could inhibit the production of IL-2 from murine lymphocytes induced by ConA, but not affect the production from silent lymphocytes. EsA showed no effect on the production of IFN-γ from both silent and ConA induced lymphocytes. CONCLUSION:EsA could affect the immunological function through inhibiting the production of IL-2 from activated splenocytes and the inhibition of production of IL- 1 and PGE2 might be one of the anti-inflammation mechanisms of EsA.     

金雀异黄素对IL-1α刺激破骨样细胞的组织蛋白酶K表达的影响

目的探讨金雀异黄素对白细胞介素1α(IL-1α)刺激破骨样细胞组织蛋白酶K(CK)表达的作用.方法从人骨巨细胞瘤组织中纯化出破骨样细胞(OCLs),用不同浓度的金雀异黄素或1 7β-雌二醇(17β-E2)孵育,并设空白对照组和阳性对照组,采用RT-PCR和Western blot方法,观察IL-1α刺激后CK的表达.结果与空白对照组相比,IL-1α刺激CK表达显著增加(P＜0.01);金雀异黄素在转录水平下调IL-1α刺激后CK的表达,且呈剂量依赖关系(r=0.68,P＜0.01);金雀异黄素下调IL-1α刺激后CK的蛋白表达,且呈剂量依赖关系(r=0.61,P＜0.01).雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI 182.780可以部分抑制金雀异黄素的上述作用.结论金雀异黄素可通过破骨样细胞的雌激素受体部分抑制IL-1α刺激后CK的表达.     

Inhibition of interleukin-2 production and lymphocyte responsiveness by the cell activation inhibitor, CI-959.

CI-959 (5-methoxy-3-(1-methylethoxy)-N-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-benzo [b]-thiophene-2-carboxamide), an antiallergy compound, blocked release of IL-2 from Con A stimulated rat splenocytes and human lymphocytes with respective IC50s of 19.1 and 23.1 microM. Inhibition of IL-2 production required the presence of CI-959 in culture medium for the first 9 hr. CI-959 also inhibited Con A-stimulated rat and human lymphocyte proliferation with IC50s of 4.7 and 5.4 microM, respectively. Inhibition of the Con A proliferative response could not be overcome by exogenous recombinant human IL-2 (300 units/ml) in either the rat or human systems. Although potent in the human mixed lymphocyte reaction (IC50 = 3.5 microM), CI-959 was less effective in blocking the PHA response (IC50 = 43.9 microM), and had minimal effect on the release of IL-1 and TNF alpha from LPS-stimulated human monocytes. These findings suggest that CI-959 selectively inhibits some lymphocyte functions, as opposed to monocyte functions, and that among these is the production of IL-2.     

人参皂苷-Ro促进小鼠脾细胞增殖及调节小鼠脾细胞Th1/Th2细胞因子的产生

目的研究人参皂苷-Ro对小鼠脾细胞增殖及细胞因子产生的影响。方法［³H］ TdR参入法检测人参皂苷-Ro对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响；酶联免疫吸附法检测人参皂苷-Ro对小鼠脾淋巴细胞产生细胞因子白介素-2、干扰素-γ和白介素-4的影响；逆转录聚合酶链式反应分析法研究人参皂苷-Ro对小鼠脾淋巴细胞中干扰素-γ、白介素-4 mRNA表达的影响。结果人参皂苷-Ro在1-10 μmol·L^-1显著促进Con A诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及小鼠脾淋巴细胞白介素-2的产生；在2-10 μmol·L^-1促进Con A诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞产生和表达Th2细胞因子白介素-4, 而降低Con A诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞产生和表达Th1细胞因子干扰素-γ。结论人参皂苷-Ro通过调节脾细胞内Th1型和Th2型细胞因子的转录和表达发挥免疫调节作用。     

乌苯美司对小鼠白细胞介素─2的影响

目的：观察乌苯美司（ｕｂｅｎｉｍｅｘ，ＵｂＣ）对小鼠白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）生成及反应性的影响。方法：Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠ｉｇ或ｉｐＵｂｅ５ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）×７ｄ，在ｄ３给环磷酰胺（Ｃｙｃ）１次ｉｐ，１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｄ８取小鼠脾细胞。用ＩＬ－２依赖性淋巴细胞株（ＣＴＬＬ）［３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ参入法，测定ＩＬ－２含量。结果：Ｕｂｅ能显著增加小鼠淋巴细胞的生成，增强对ＩＬ－２的反应性，但不影响血清中ＩＬ－２抑制物的活性。Ｃｙｃ对小鼠ＩＬ－２生成及ＩＬ－２反应性有较强的抑制作用，此作用在一定程度上可被Ｕｂｅ逆转。结论：Ｕｂｅ对小鼠ＩＬ－２生成及反应性有显著促进作用，且可拮抗Ｃｙｃ对ＩＬ－２生成的抑制。     

Inhibition of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity reaction by antidepressant drugs

BackgroundContact hypersensitivity (CHS) induced by a topical application of hapten - 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), is a T cytotoxic (Tc)1-cell-mediated antigen-specific type of skin inflammation. Recently, it has been shown that antidepressant drugs inhibit the T helper (Th)1-mediated CHS reaction induced by picryl chloride. The aim of present study was to establish the effect of two-week desipramine or fluoxetine administration on the CHS reaction induced by DNFB.MethodsBalb/c (H-2^d) male mice were divided into six groups: 1) vehicle-treated negative control group; 2) desipramine-treated negative control group; 3) fluoxetine-treated negative control group; 4) vehicle-treated DNFB group (positive control group); 5) desipramine-treated DNFB group; 6) fluoxetine-treated DNFB group. T lymphocytes proliferation was determined by incorporation of [³H]-thymidine to DNA of concanavalin A stimulated cells. ELISA test was used for estimation of cytokines production.ResultsThe antidepressants significantly suppressed the CHS reaction mediated by Tc1 cells: desipramine by 55% and fluoxetine by 54% compared to the positive control. Moreover, the antidepressants decreased the proliferative activity of splenocytes and the ability of splenocytes to produce interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ and increased IL-10 production by the lymph node (LN) cells of DNFB-treated mice.ConclusionThe results of the present study show that the Tc1-dependent reactivity to DNFB is significantly suppressed by antidepressant drugs, which suggests their inhibitory effect on Tc1 mediated immunity.     

Stimulation of angiogenesis by substance P and interleukin-1 in the rat and its inhibition by NK1 or interleukin-1 receptor antagonists.

1. Daily administration of 1 nmol substance P or 3 pmol recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) caused intense neovascularization in a rat sponge model of angiogenesis. Lower doses of substance P (10 pmol) or IL-1 alpha (0.3 pmol) were ineffective when given alone. When combined at these low doses, substances P and IL-1 alpha interacted to produce an enhanced neovascular response. 2. By use of selective tachykinin NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptor agonists, ([Sar9,Met(O2)11]substance P, [beta-Ala8]neurokinin A(4-10), Succ-[Asp6,MePhe8]substance P(6-11) (senktide), respectively), it was established that the activation of NK1 receptors is most likely to mediate the angiogenic response to substance P in this model. 3. The angiogenic activity of substance P and IL-1 alpha (10 pmol and 0.3 pmol day-1, respectively) was abolished by co-administration of (i) the selective peptide NK1 receptor antagonist, L-668,169 (1 nmol day-1), (ii) the selective non-peptide NK1 receptor antagonists, RP 67580 and (+/-)-CP-96,345 (both at 1 nmol day-1) or (iii) the IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1ra, (50 micrograms day-1). In contrast, the selective NK2 receptor antagonist, L-659,874 (1 nmol day-1) was ineffective. 4. The angiogenic action of substance P and IL-1 alpha was resistant to modification by mepyramine (1 nmol day-1) and/or cimetidine (10 nmol day-1), indomethacin (7 nmol day-1) or the platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, WEB-2086 (22 nmol day-1), indicating that histamine, prostaglandins and PAF are not likely to be involved in this neovascular response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)