护理干预对HIV/AIDS患者自我管理疾病能力的影响

目的 探讨护理干预对HIV/AIDS患者自我管理疾病能力的影响.方法 将100例HIV/AIDS患者按住院号分成干预组和对照组各50例,对照组给予常规治疗及护理,干预组在常规治疗及护理基础上,由专职的责任护士从心理、认知、行为方面进行全面系统干预.于出院后6个月复查时采用自行设计的自我管理疾病能力调查表进行问卷调查.结果 干预组自我管理能力总分、疾病认知水平、症状管理、用药依从性、生活行为方式、获得社会支持方面评分显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 全面系统的护理干预,可明显提高HIV/AIDS患者自我管理疾病能力.     

HIV／AIDS患者口腔行为及病损的调查和分析

目的了解HIV感染者和AIDS患者口腔健康行为及口腔病损的特点。方法以来本院就诊的55例HIV/AIDS患者为调查对象,对口腔健康行为进行问卷调查,对其口腔卫生状况、口腔黏膜及牙周病损进行临床检查,就CD4细胞计数和出血指数、菌斑指数进行相关性分析。结果 55例HIV/AIDS患者口腔卫生习惯和卫生状况较差,有口腔科就诊史的有34例（61.8%）,曾在传染病医院就诊的仅有1例（2.94%）;HIV相关口腔病损患者有20例（36.4%）,普通牙周病患者有42例（96.3%）,CD4细胞计数和出血指数、菌斑指数之间无显著相关性。结论随着抗病毒药物的应用,HIV/AIDS相关口腔病损发病率明显降低,而普通牙周病发病率较高,可能与口腔卫生不良有关。HIV/AIDS患者就诊口腔科的随意性强,口腔科医生在诊疗中要加强防护意识。     

AIDS患者与HIV感染者合并肛周尖锐湿疣的临床特征分析

为研究艾滋病（AIDS）患者和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者免疫缺陷程度合并肛周尖锐湿疣的临床特征和治疗方法,对50例AIDS患者与HIV感染者合并肛周尖锐湿疣的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据术前检测CD4T淋巴细胞水平的不同,分为AIDS患者组23例（CD4≤200／ul）和HIV感染组27例（CD4〉200ul）,比较两组的临床特征和治疗效果。结果显示,AIDS患者组的CD4T淋巴细胞数和CD4／CD8比值,明显低于HIV感染组（P〈0．05）;AIDS患者组15例合并其他感染（15／23,65．2％）,8例形成肛周巨型尖锐湿疣（8／23,34．8％）,其中2例发生癌变。AIDS患者组手术切除肛周尖锐湿疣后3个月内有8例复发（8／23,34．8％）;HIV感染组6例合并其他感染（6／27,22．2％）,1例巨型尖锐湿疣（1／27,3．7％）,术后3个月内4例复发（4／27,14．8％）。结果表明,AIDS患者容易形成巨型尖锐湿疣而且容易发生癌变,容易合并其他感染。电刀彻底切除病变结合应用抗逆转录病毒药物,可以取得较好的疗效,降低复发率。     

HIV/AIDS患者鼻出血72例的临床分析

目的分析HIV/AIDS患者鼻出血的临床特征、易发原因,以探讨临床上合适的治疗方法及预防措施。 方法将本院于2010年12月至2017年2月其他科室到耳鼻喉会诊的HIV/AIDS合并鼻出血72例患者作为调查对象,分析疾病特点,总结相关因素,探讨治疗方法及疗效。 结果患者鼻腔黏膜以干燥、溃疡、糜烂或萎缩为主（24例）,其中14例患者鼻腔黏膜水肿,22例患者合并鼻窦炎、鼻前庭炎等相关疾病;出血性质以黏膜破溃、糜烂、水肿等出血为主（37例）,其余患者为动脉出血（21例）及静脉出血（14例）;出血频次以多次为主,> 3次者47例,首次发作者17例,2~3次者8例;出血侧别以双侧为主（43例）,单侧出血者29例。以上各指标采用多个率趋势的卡方检验,差异均具有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。72例患者中65例出现血常规、凝血功能的异常,70例患者免疫功能下降。经积极治疗后成功治愈者52例、缓解者18例、无效者2例。 结论HIV/AIDS患者鼻出血与其基础疾病相关,临床上采取鼻腔填塞及鼻内镜下微创治疗疗效良好,辅以局部可调式鼻腔冲洗器保湿护理的措施,可较好地预防、恰当地治疗,提高患者的生存质量,减轻痛苦。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）对骨科手术的影响

１９９１－１９９４年Ｚａｍｂｉａ大学教学医院骨科对感染ＨＩＶ与非感染ＨＩＶ的手术病人进行了临床研究。以便向病人及术者提供较确切的信息，哪些手术对于感染ＨＩＶ病人有危险，引起他们的重视，也希望获得感染ＨＩＶ病人的哪些临床指征可能增加术后合并症的发生率者与感染ＨＩＶ病人之间交叉感染的问题。     

实施健康教育路径对白血病患者自我管理能力的影响

目的:探讨应用健康教育路径对白血病患者自我管理行为的影响效果.方法:将120例白血病患者随机分为两组,各60例.两组在药物治疗的同时,对照组按传统宣教方法进行健康教育,观察组结合患者自身的客观情况,以人为本,以时间为段设计相应的宣教方案,施行健康教育,采用认知能力与自我管理能力问卷(自编),对两组进行评定.结果:观察组在相关知识掌握、自我管理能力方面明显优于对照组(均P<0.01).结论:实施健康教育路径可提高白血病患者的自我管理能力.     

基于IKAP模式的健康教育对光子美容患者自我管理能力的影响

目的 探讨在光子美容患者中实施基于IKAP模式的健康教育对其自我管理能力的影响。方法 选取 2022年9月-2023年8月于平邑县皮肤病防治站接受光子美容的70例患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分 为对照组和观察组,每组35例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用基于IKAP模式的健康教育,比较两 组自我管理能力、生活质量及护理满意度。结果 观察组护理后行为、环境、认知评分及总分均高于 对照组,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）;观察组护理后社会、情感、角色、躯体评分均高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）;观察组护理满意度为97.14%,高于对照组的82.86%,差异有统计学意义 （P ＜0.05）。结论 在光子美容患者中实施基于IKAP模式的健康教育的效果良好,可有效增强患者的自 我管理能力,改善其生活质量,对于提高患者的护理满意度具有积极意义,值得临床应用。     

HIV/AIDS合并泌尿外科疾病腔镜手术的安全性探讨

目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者/艾滋病患者（HIV/AIDS）合并泌尿外科疾病进行腔镜手术的安全性。 方法自2015年5月至2018年4月我院对HIV/AIDS合并泌尿外科疾病患者92例施行各类腔镜手术,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果共施行92例泌尿外科腔镜手术,其中输尿管镜下碎石取石术21例、经皮肾镜碎石取石术34例、经尿道手术31例、腹腔镜手术6例。术前及术后患者白细胞、血小板、C-反应蛋白、CD4淋巴细胞计数差异无统计学意义,5例患者术后出现发热,其中1例出现脓毒血性休克,所有患者经治疗后病情好转,围手术期无死亡病例。术中发生1例职业暴露,未发现HIV感染。 结论HIV/AIDS合并泌尿系外科疾病患者进行腔镜手术,充分做好围手术期准备,对于医患而言,总体是安全的。     

HIV/AIDS个案管理网络化工作平台的设计与建设

目的探索HIV/AIDS个案管理模式基于计算机信息随访的连续性,促进整个抗病毒治疗的药物监控和随访的完整性、及时性,构建特异性强、符合艾滋病抗病毒治疗个案管理模式的网络随访平台。方法通过查阅文献结合上海市公共卫生临床中心门诊艾滋病随访规律,进行相关人员的咨询形成初步设计方案,与计算机技术人员深入讨论方案的可行性,进入平台构建阶段,通过不断地反馈沟通修正方案逐步实现平台的各项功能。结果通过多轮测试该平台基本正常运行,在2个月时间内录入80例患者,进行了260余次的随访和管理,达到了实时动态监测患者的目的,并能够准确掌握每例患者所处的服药阶段和治疗状态。结论 HIV/AIDS个案管理工作平台的构建符合现代医院信息化的理念,实现了目前针对个案管理模式对艾滋病患者个案随访的要求。随着艾滋病个案管理在国内的不断发展,平台也会逐步完善并实现更多相关功能。同时该平台的开发和使用对于其他慢病的管理具有借鉴价值。     

微信下延续性健康教育对结直肠癌化疗PICC患者自我管理能力的影响

目的：分析微信下延续性健康教育对结直肠癌化疗外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管（PICC）患者自我管理能力的影响。方法：将85例结直肠癌化疗PICC患者随机分为观察组42例和对照组43例。观察组行微信下延续健康教育,对照组行常规护理,记录2组导管护理依从率、自我管理能力评分、生活质量及并发症情况。结果：观察组导管护理依从率为92.86%,高于对照组的76.74%(P <0.05);并发症发生率为14.29%,低于对照组的44.19%(P <0.05);干预后2组自我管理能力评分、生活质量评分均明显升高,且观察组高于对照组（P <0.05）。结论：微信下延续性健康教育用于结直肠癌化疗PICC患者,能提高导管护理依从性、自我管理能力,减少并发症,改善生活质量。     

艾滋病个案管理的研究进展

介绍了艾滋病个案管理的产生背景、个案管理的常用模式、艾滋病个案管理的应用及成效。提出艾滋病个案管理在国内发展的可行性及挑战,为我国开展艾滋病个案管理模式提供参考。     

HIV感染者/AIDS患者自我管理量表的编制

目的编制测评HIV感染者/AIDS患者自我管理能力的工具。方法通过文献回顾、患者访谈、专家咨询和预调查形成试测量表,选取360例接受抗病毒治疗的HIV感染者/AIDS患者进行正式调查,检验量表信度和效度。结果量表共7个维度49个条目。条目水平的内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.786~1.000;探索性因子分析提取14个特征值大于1的公因子,累积方差贡献率为61.694%,经合并公因子组合成维度后,5个条目所属维度发生迁移,4个条目在2个维度的载荷均大于0.3。总量表Cronbach′sα系数0.853,重测信度0.879。结论 HIV感染者/AIDS患者自我管理量表的信度和效度尚可接受,仍需完善相关鉴别力不够的条目。     

The cost and impact of male circumcision on HIV/AIDS in Botswana

The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be a major issue facing Botswana, with overall adult HIV prevalence estimated to be 25.7 percent in 2007. This paper estimates the cost and impact of the draft Ministry of Health male circumcision strategy using the UNAIDS/WHO Decision-Makers' Programme Planning Tool (DMPPT). Demographic data and HIV prevalence estimates from the recent National AIDS Coordinating Agency estimations are used as input to the DMPPT to estimate the impact of scaling-up male circumcision on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. These data are supplemented by programmatic information from the draft Botswana National Strategy for Safe Male Circumcision, including information on unit cost and program goals. Alternative scenarios were developed in consultation with stakeholders. Results suggest that scaling-up adult and neonatal circumcision to reach 80% coverage by 2012 would result in averting almost 70,000 new HIV infections through 2025, at a total net cost of US$47 million across that same period. This results in an average cost per HIV infection averted of US$689. Changing the target year to 2015 and the scale-up pattern to a linear pattern results in a more evenly-distributed number of MCs required, and averts approximately 60,000 new HIV infections through 2025. Other scenarios explored include the effect of risk compensation and the impact of increasing coverage of general prevention interventions. Scaling-up safe male circumcision has the potential to reduce the impact of HIV/AIDS in Botswana significantly; program design elements such as feasible patterns of scale-up and inclusion of counselling are important in evaluating the overall success of the program.     

新发HIV/AIDS患者随访的流程化管理

目的探讨流程化管理在新发HIV/AIDS患者随访中的实施效果。方法将74例新发HIV感染者和确诊AIDS患者按时间段分为对照组(36例)和干预组(38例),对照组采用常规管理方法;干预组使用流程化管理和入户调查,对比两组随访延迟率及失联患者追回率。结果干预组随访延迟率显著低于对照组,失联患者追回率显著高于对照组(均P0.01)。结论流程化管理能及时掌握HIV/AIDS患者的正确信息,进行持续追踪和随访,提高随访质量,降低失访率。     

HIV revisited: the global impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic

This review is intended as an update on modern trends in the global impact and epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection for physicians who are not acquired immunodeficiency syndrome experts. Africa has been the most affected, but epidemics are spreading in Asia and Russia. Therefore, physicians should be informed about seroconversion disease and human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis as well as the impact of sexually transmitted infections on many stages of human immunodeficiency virus. International treatment guidelines are available. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has been the mainstream therapy since 1996, but all drugs--regardless of class used--have potent side effects, many of which are dermatologic. Others affect the neurologic, hematopoietic, cerebral, and abdominal systems, and drug interactions are common. Lipodystrophy is a common, long-term side effect that is still not well understood. Broader use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has highlighted viral resistance. This is reviewed, and a simple explanation of therapeutic monitoring is provided.     

The thoracic surgeon's role in the management of patients with HIV infection and AIDS

The advent of improved medical therapy with multidrug HIV medicines including protease inhibitors has prolonged life expectation of patients with HIV infection. The risk of perinatal transmission has also decreased with education and antiviral medications. Education of all groups about precautions to decrease HIV transmission appears to have resulted in a decline in the disease incidence; however, this trend has not been mirrored in other countries. All of these factors combine to increase the probability that the surgeon's role to take care of patients with HIV-related illnesses could be significant in the future. The thoracic surgeon may be called upon to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV-infected patients with thoracic complications including pulmonary, cardiac, and esophageal problems. The morbidity and mortality of procedures performed on these patients appear to be no different than patients without HIV. We use very aggressive treatment strategies in patients with AIDS and HIV infections. The use of VATS, especially in the treatment of pneumothoraces and empyemas, should be used and has been shown to be safe and efficacious.     

The evolving impact of HIV/AIDS on outpatient health services in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE; The high HIV prevalence in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) places immense pressure on the health system. The burden of HIV/AIDS on health services is evolving as the epidemic progresses and as antiretroviral treatment becomes more widely available. For health policy makers and managers, timely and appropriate information is needed to facilitate adaptive management of health services. Through longitudinal research covering outpatient health services in KZN we examined the dynamics of the evolving HIV/AIDS burden and the resource implications of this burden, necessary for resource allocation decisions. METHODS: Data were collected between 2004 and 2005 in outpatient services across six health facilities in the province. The burden of HIV/AIDS was measured by assessing the proportion of outpatients presenting as HIV positive, determined by a clinical diagnosis (and test result where available). The burden was also measured by looking at the types of diseases presenting at outpatient facilities. Moreover, the study assessed the burden experienced by health care workers and financial implications for health facilities. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that the burden on outpatient services is significant but has not been increasing over time, suggesting that people are not accessing care if and when they need it. However, in terms of resources, this burden has been increasing and shifting from tertiary services to more primary services. In order to accommodate the demands of HIV/AIDS, our focus therefore needs to turn towards outpatient services, in particular at the primary care level.