不同引流袋预防结直肠癌患者术后尿路感染的效果比较

为比较不同引流袋预防结直肠癌患者术后尿路感染的效果,选择2017年4月至2020年4月于我院接受手术治疗且术后需留置导尿7 d以上的102例结直肠癌患者作为研究对象,随机分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组,各34例,均使用一次性导尿包进行留置导尿操作,Ⅰ组接普通引流袋(每周更换2次),Ⅱ组接康维抗反流引流袋(每周更换1次),Ⅲ组接防...     

针对性护理对留置尿管患者预防尿路感染的影响分析

目的分析针对性护理对留置尿管患者尿路感染的影响。方法对58例留置尿管的住院患者实施针对性预防护理措施,观察留置尿管时间和其间尿路感染的发生率。结果本组患者导尿管留置时间(9.8±1.2)d,尿路感染发生率为5.2%(3/58)。结论对留置尿管患者尿路感染发生的危险因素进行科学评估,并实施针对性预防护理,可有效减少尿路感染的发生率,缩短尿管留置时间。     

不同营养方法对结直肠癌患者术后恢复的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨不同营养支持对结直肠癌患者恢复的影响。方法 纳入我科2012年12月至2014年12月收治的97例结直肠癌患者,分为留置胃管肠内营养组(A组,n=33)、非留置胃管肠内营养组(B组,n=32)及肠外营养组(C组,n=32)。A组给予术后间断夹闭胃管并给予肠内营养,B组术后早期给予拔除胃管同时给予肠内营养,C组给予肠外营养。比较三组患者营养指标、胃肠道功能恢复时间、不良反应、术后感染及治疗费用。结果 治疗前和治疗后三组患者的血红蛋白及清蛋白差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组患者第一次排气时间、第一次排便时间短于B组和C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而B组患者短于C组患者(P<0.01)。三组的术后不良反应发生的差异无统计学意义。三患者发生术后感染分别为A组5例(15.2%)、B组4例(12.5%)、C组9例(28.1%),A组、B组患者术后感染数显著低于C组(P<0.05)。A组患者术后住院时间、住院费用均少于B组及C组(P<0.05),B组少于C组(P<0.05)。结论 术后留置胃管并同时给予肠内营养能够更好的促进结直肠癌患者术后恢复。     

结直肠癌患者术后早期营养支持方法的比较

目的 对结直肠癌患者术后早期肠外(PN)、肠内营养(EN)支持的效果进行前瞻性研究.方法 选取结直肠肿瘤患者60人,随机分组,分别行PN、EN,以体重、上臂周径、外周血血红蛋白(HGB)、淋巴细胞记数(LYM)、血清向蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PAB)作为营养评价指标,并观察肠管恢复蠕动、排气时间.结果 EN组体重、上臂周径、LYM、ALB较PN组更接近正常,HGB、PAB、排气恢复时间EN组较PN组缩短.结论 结直肠癌患者术后早期营养支持治疗以EN为佳.     

酸性氧化电位水预防留置导尿患者尿路感染研究

目的探讨酸性氧化电位水用于留置尿管患者预防尿路感染的效果。方法将100例留置尿管患者分为观察组和对照组各50例,观察组用酸性氧化电位水、对照组用0．5％碘伏每日擦洗会阴及尿管近端2次,比较两组会阴护理后第3、7、10天中段尿细菌培养结果和尿道口的不良反应。结果留置尿管第3、7、10天,观察组中段尿细菌培养阳性率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）,尿道口不良反应发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论酸性氧化电位水和0．5％碘伏用于预防尿路感染的效果相当,但酸性氧化电位水可显著降低尿道口的不良反应,提高患者的满意度。     

甲硝唑与庆大霉素预防宫颈癌根治术后尿路感染的临床观察

目的探讨0.5%甲硝唑、庆大霉素加入0.9%氯化钠溶液膀胱冲洗预防宫颈癌术后留置尿管感染的临床效果.方法宫颈癌(Ⅰ b～Ⅱa期)根治术后留置尿管患者97例,随机分为观察组(49例)和对照组(48例),观察组术后用0.5%碘伏棉球会阴擦洗,2次/d,并于第5天开始每天上午予0.5%甲硝唑0.5g、下午予庆大霉素16万U膀胱冲洗;对照组术后用0.1%苯扎溴铵棉球会阴擦洗,2次/d,并于第5天开始予0.02%呋喃西林250 ml膀胱冲洗,2次/d.观察两组患者置尿管后3、7、10 d中段尿培养细菌阳性率.结果观察组置尿管后3、7、10 d尿路感染率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论甲硝唑与庆大霉素膀胱冲洗可以有效预防或减少宫颈癌根治术后留置尿管患者尿路感染的发生.     

综合护理干预在结直肠癌患者术后的效果观察

为观察综合护理干预在结直肠癌患者术后的效果,将结直肠癌患者92例随机分为常规组和综合干预组,每组46例.常规组患者采用常规护理,综合干预组采用综合护理干预,比较2组患者的疼痛评分、胃肠功能恢复情况及营养指标.结果显示,术后6h、12h、24h综合干预组患者的疼痛评分明显低于常规组(P<0.05),综合干预组患者禁食时间...     

综合措施提高结直肠癌术后患者的随访率

目的探讨提高结直肠癌手术后患者的随访率方法。方法对1994年8月至2007年12月间收治的2092例结直肠癌手术后患者的随访率进行分析,并将其以2000年1月1日为界分为两个阶段进行研究。结果结直肠癌术后患者随访率逐年上升,其中第一阶段(1994年8月至1999年12月)结直肠癌术后总的随访率为67.3%,明显低于第二阶段的95.4%(2000年1月至2007年12月,P0.01)。结论通过落实规范化随访制度和加强各种随访工作的综合措施,可望提高结直肠癌术后患者的随访率。     

106例高龄结直肠癌患者术后并发症分析

我院1995～2005年收治70岁以上高龄结直肠癌106例,其中35例(33%)术后出现一种或一种以上并发症.本文就本组患者术后并发症的相关因素及其对策探讨如下.     

结直肠癌术后吻合口漏的诊治和预防

结直肠癌发病率在我国呈上升趋势，而吻合口漏是结直肠癌手术后常见的并发症，其发生率国外报道为4％～15％，国内报道3．2%～8．9％。我们根据临床经验结合国内外的文献，就大肠癌术后吻合口漏的诊治和预防作一些探讨。     

早期拔除尿管对结直肠手术患者泌尿系统并发症影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价早期拔除尿管对结直肠手术患者泌尿系统并发症的影响。方法计算机检索Pubmed、EMBASE、OVID、EBSCO、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文期刊数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于结直肠手术术后早期拔除尿管的随机对照试验或临床对照试验,使用Revman5.3软件对数据进行统计分析。结果最终纳入6项随机对照试验,1项临床对照试验,共803例患者。Meta分析结果显示,术后≤2d与术后3d拔除尿管的尿路感染发生率、急性尿潴留发生率比较,差异无统计学意义[OR=0.27,95%CI(0.05,1.44),P0.05;OR=1.68,95%CI(0.72,3.91),P0.05]。术后≤2d拔除尿管的尿路感染发生率显著低于术后5d[OR=0.21,95%CI(0.09,0.47),P0.01],术后≤2d拔除尿管的急性尿潴留发生率高于术后5d[OR=3.30,95%CI(1.90,5.74),P0.01]和硬膜外镇痛停止后[OR=3.94,95%CI(1.26,12.28),P0.05]。结论术后早期(术后≤2d)拔除尿管对降低尿路感染发生率有明显优势,但可能增加拔尿管后急性尿潴留的发生风险。     

Risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection in children with myelodysplasia treated by clean intermittent catheterization

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors involved in the incidence of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) in a retrospective study of children with myelodysplasia who were treated by clean intermittent catheterization. METHODS: A total of 76 myelodysplastic children were included in the present study. Any factors, including urodynamic parameters and urinary tract abnormalities, that may have been associated with the incidence of febrile UTI were evaluated using both a univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 76 patients, 19 (25%) had one or more episodes of febrile UTI. A univariate analysis showed low bladder compliance (<10 mL/cmH2O), detrusor overactivity, bladder trabeculation and the presence of vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) to be significant factors in the incidence of febrile UTI. The presence of detrusor overactivity and a low bladder compliance, in addition to the presence of VUR, were found to be significant factors for the incidence of febrile UTI using a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that, in addition to VUR, urodynamics linked to bladder storage function disorder appear to be directly correlated with the cause of febrile UTI in children with myelodysplasia.     

可冲洗尿道的导尿管预防留置尿管所致逆行尿路感染的研究

目的观察专利产品可冲洗尿道的导尿管（专利号ZL00267398．3）预防留置导尿所致逆行尿路感染的临床应用效果。方法可冲洗尿道的导尿管主要特点是包括出液口设在气囊上方的冲洗尿道注入导管。对165例患者留置导尿管，实验前均未留置导尿管且无泌尿系感染症状，尿细菌培养阴性。分短期留置导尿管组（A组）和长期留置导尿管组（B组）。A组128例，留置导尿管时间≤14d，使用可冲洗尿道导尿管者（A1组）65例，使用Foley双腔导尿管者（A2组）63例。B组37例，留置导尿管时间＞14d，使用可冲洗尿道导尿管者（B1组）17例，使用Foley双腔导尿管者（B2组）20例。A1、B1组用生理盐水冲洗尿道，2次／d。各组均密闭式引流袋封闭引流尿液。分别观察尿路感染率，并进行统计学分析。结果A1、A2组尿管留置1、3、7、14d，尿路感染率分别为0％、0％，0％、25．4％，4．6％、49．2％，12．3％、84．1％，3、7、14d 2组比较差异均有统计学意义（P值均＜0．01）。B1、B2组尿管留置2周、4周，尿路感染率分别为11．8％、85．0％，29．4％、100．0％，2组比较差异均有统计学意义（P值均＜0．01）。结论临床应用可冲洗尿道的导尿管预防留置导尿所致逆行尿路感染效果良好。     

Urinary tract infection in the neurogenic bladder

There is a high incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract function. This results in significant morbidity and health care utilization. Multiple well-established risk factors unique to a neurogenic bladder (NB) exist while others require ongoing investigation. It is important for care providers to have a good understanding of the different structural, physiological, immunological and catheter-related risk factors so that they may be modified when possible. Diagnosis remains complicated. Appropriate specimen collection is of paramount importance and a UTI cannot be diagnosed based on urinalysis or clinical presentation alone. A culture result with a bacterial concentration of ≥10³ CFU/mL in combination with symptoms represents an acceptable definition for UTI diagnosis in NB patients. Cystoscopy, ultrasound and urodynamics should be utilized for the evaluation of recurrent infections in NB patients. An acute, symptomatic UTI should be treated with antibiotics for 5–14 days depending on the severity of the presentation. Antibiotic selection should be based on local and patient-based resistance patterns and the spectrum should be as narrow as possible if there are no concerns regarding urosepsis. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) should not be treated because of rising resistance patterns and lack of clinical efficacy. The most important preventative measures include closed catheter drainage in patients with an indwelling catheter and the use of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) over other methods of bladder management if possible. The use of hydrophilic or impregnated catheters is not recommended. Intravesical Botox, bacterial interference and sacral neuromodulation show significant promise for the prevention of UTIs in higher risk NB patients and future, multi-center, randomized controlled trials are required.     

膀胱尿道联合冲洗器用于留置尿管致泌尿系感染的效果

目的观察留置尿管致泌尿系感染患者行膀胱尿道联合冲洗的临床效果。方法将86例长期留置尿管所致泌尿系感染患者随机分为观察组与对照组各43例。在抗感染的同时,对照组进行常规密闭式膀胱冲洗,观察组应用自行设计的膀胱尿道联合冲洗器行膀胱尿道联合冲洗。冲洗液均采用0.2%呋喃西林溶液。两组于冲洗后第3、7、10、14天上午,冲洗前用一次性注射器抽取尿液行细菌培养及高倍镜检。结果观察组第3、7、10天感染阳性率显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论对留置尿管致泌尿系感染患者进行膀胱尿道联合冲洗有利于加速病菌的清除,有较好的辅助治疗作用。     

留置导尿管相关尿路感染的易发因素分析与防控

目的分析导尿管相关尿路感染的易发因素,探讨最佳的预防与护理措施。 方法对本院2013年10月至2014年10月收治的130例导尿患者的尿路感染发生率相关因素如留置导尿管天数、集尿袋更换时间、导尿管更换时间进行对比分析,提出预防与最佳护理措施。 结果尿管不同留置时间相对应的感染率差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 3.104、P = 0.000）;其中,住院患者留置尿管时间较长,导尿管感染的几率显著上升;且集尿袋的更换时间最好是2～7 d,不同更换时间患者感染率差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 4.092、P = 0.003）;不同导尿管更换时间患者感染率差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 3.883、P = 0.001）。患者的导尿管更换时间最好是每2周更换1次,每周更换及≥ 5周更换感染率增加;不同年龄患者感染率差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 4.792、P = 0.000）,留置尿管的患者中年龄小于30岁者CAUTI感染率为12.5%,而年龄≥ 60岁者CAUTI感染率为50.00%。 结论导尿管相关尿路感染与导尿管留置时间、集尿管更换时间、导尿管更换时间、年龄分布密切相关,故预防CAUTI感染以及相关护理应针对这些环节采取相应措施。     

会阴清洗用于无感染留置尿管护理的效果评价

目的针对留置尿管患者探索出一种简单、有效、无不良反应的会阴护理方法。方法将200例无感染留置尿管的患者随机分为观察组与对照组各100例,观察组采用小毛巾蘸温开水行会阴部清洗,对照组常规采用0.5%碘伏棉球行会阴部消毒。结果两组患者留置尿管后尿道口不良症状(红肿热痛、脓性分泌物)发生率及出现时间,留置尿管第3、7、10天中段尿培养阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组患者对会阴部护理舒适度的评价显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论采用小毛巾蘸温开水清洗会阴部,不增加尿道口不良症状及尿路感染率,可提高患者舒适度。     

Primary urinary tract infection in infants: prophylaxis for uncomplicated pyelonephritis

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common causes of unexplained fever in infants with a reported prevalence range of 5-11%. The clinical and laboratory findings were reviewed, and diagnosis and treatment for 95 infants with primary UTI were evaluated in this study. METHODS: All patients underwent renal ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrogram and 99mTc dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan during hospitalization before treatment, with treatment consisting of 2- or 4-week appropriated antibiotic therapy for the patients associated upper UTI, followed by a second DMSA scan 6 months after therapy. RESULTS: In the present study the main symptom of UTI in infants was fever. High white blood cell count was not necessarily present, and urinalysis was also an imperfect diagnostic tool for discriminating UTI. In addition, colony count from urine culture and kidney ultrasonography was not efficacious in terms of predicting the occurrence of pyelonephritis. Intravenous antibiotic for 1 week followed by 3 weeks of the same oral antibiotic provided good prophylaxis for uncomplicated pyelonephritis. CONCLUSION: Four weeks of antibiotic treatment resulted in good recovery from pyelonephritis in the present sample of infant primary UTI cases. voiding cystourethrogram, DMSA and ultrasonography scanning should be performed in primary infant UTI.     

Significance of urinary endotoxin concentration in patients with urinary tract infection

Summary Endotoxin is a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative rods (GNR). Since GNR are responsible for the majority of urinary tract infection (UTI), we measured the concentration of endotoxin in urine using chromogenic endotoxin-specific assay and examined its diagnostic utility in patients with suspected UTI. In all 18 urine samples with an endotoxin concentration exceeding 350 pg/ml and 2 samples with 10–350 pg/ml of endotoxin concentration, GNR were detected at a count of 10⁴ cfu/ml. Negative for endotoxin were 3 samples of culture positive for grampositive cocci (GPC), 2 samples containing various bacterial contaminants and all 37 samples with no growth on culture. Two urine samples collected 5 h after antibiotic dosage showed negative culture for GNR but a significant concentration of endotoxin. In an in vitro experiment, a residual concentration of antibiotic in urine inhibited bacterial growth, leading to a falsenegative culture. These results suggest that chromogenic endotoxin assay is a reliable method for diagnosing UTI caused by GNR and detecting false-negative culture of GNR.