缺血性卒中影像学研究

脑卒中是一种突然起病的脑血液循环障碍性疾病,系指脑血管病患者因各种诱发因素导致颅内动脉狭窄、闭塞或破裂所引起的急性脑血液循环障碍,亦称脑血管意外。其临床表现为短暂性或永久性神经功能障碍的症状与体征,分为出血性和缺血性卒中,其中67%～80%患者为急性缺血性卒中,神经功能的康复与脑组织存活程度密切相关。因此,应于高危因素、缺血和出血等可逆性神经功能损伤出现之前明确诊断并及时处理。近年来,CT和     

急性缺血性卒中影像学研究进展

在我国,随着生活水平的不断提高、工作节奏的加快,以及高血压、糖尿病患者的增多,脑血管病的发病率呈现逐年上升趋势。根据2008年公布的第3次全国死因调查结果,我国居民前5位死因依次为脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病,以及损伤和中毒。以13亿人口计,全国每年新发病例约为250万例,死于脑血管病者超过150万例,幸存者600～700万例,病残率高达75%。更为严重的     

老年人低血糖脑病的临床及神经影像学特征

目的 探讨老年人低血糖脑病的临床及神经影像学特点.方法 对36例低血糖伴神经系统表现的患者进行病史回顾、临床分析及颅脑CT和MRI检查.结果 36例低血糖患者11例发现颅脑MRI典型的双侧尾状核和豆状核对称性异常信号,而脑CT相应部位未见明显异常,病前27例有感染、发热等诱因,临床表现多种多样.低血糖脑病的发生以老年糖尿病患者口服或注射降糖药者居多.随访6个月,神经影像学无明显好转.结论 低血糖脑病临床表现多不典型,对意识障碍的患者,要注意低血糖反应.颅脑CT对低血糖脑病的诊断价值不大,颅脑MRI对重症患者的诊断具有重要价值.特征性的磁共振表现预示着病情危重,且预后不良.     

缺血性卒中影像学研究

脑卒中是一种突然起病的脑血液循环障碍性疾病,系指脑血管病患者因各种诱发因素导致颅内动脉狭窄、闭塞或破裂所引起的急性脑血液循环障碍,亦称脑血管意外。其临床表现为短暂性或永久性神经功能障碍的症状与体征,分为出血性和缺血性卒中,其中67％～80％患者为急性缺血性卒中,     

非酮症性高血糖舞蹈症七例临床及神经影像学特点

目的 探讨非酮症性高血糖舞蹈症的临床及神经影像学特点.方法 对7例非酮症性高血糖舞蹈症患者进行临床及颅脑CT和MRI检查,分析其临床及影像学特征.结果 7例患者均有糖尿病病史,平素血糖控制不良,发病时血糖较高而酮体正常,表现为单侧肢体、双侧肢体或全身舞蹈样动作.颅脑CT和MRI可见单侧或双侧基底节区异常病灶.单纯药物控制舞蹈症效果不佳,降低血糖后舞蹈症状和神经影像改变可很快恢复,不留后遗症.结论 非酮症性高血糖舞蹈症多见于年龄较大的糖尿病患者,可能与大脑基底核在高血糖状况下脑细胞代谢出现异常有关.颅脑CT或MRI改变具有特征性.本病是可逆性的,对治疗反应较好,一般不留后遗症.     

急性缺血性卒中影像学研究进展

在我国,随着生活水平的不断提高、工作节奏的加快,以及高血压、糖尿病患者的增多,脑血管病的发病率呈现逐年上升趋势。根据2008年公布的第3次全国死因调查结果,我国居民前5位死因依次为脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病,以及损伤和中毒。以13亿人口计,全国每年新发病例约为250万例,死于脑血管病者超过150万例,     

23例脂肪栓塞综合征患者的临床及影像学检查

目的 分析脂肪栓塞综合征（FES）的神经系统表现及其影像学检查,以提高对此病的早期诊断,减少死亡率。方法 总结23例FES患者的临床及其影像学检查。结果 经治疗后,23例FES患者中除1例因呼吸衰竭死亡外,其余22例均完全恢复。结果 近期骨折者,一旦出现脑部症状,要想到FES,需行进一步的检查。怀疑脑脂肪栓塞者应行头颅MRI检查。     

子痫前期及子痫性脑病的影像学表现

子痫前期是妊娠期高血压的严重阶段,以高血压、蛋白尿和水肿为临床特征,多发生于妊娠24 周后,发生率为4% ~5%.     

胼胝体变性六例影像学特点和临床表现

目的 探讨胼胝体变性(Marchiafava-Bignami disease,MBD)的影像学特点和临床表现.方法 对我院诊治的6例MBD患者进行回顾性分析,包括影像学检查(如头颅CT、MRI)、实验室检查、临床症状和随访情况.结果 6例患者MRI检查均表现为胼胝体肿胀及T1WI等或低信号,T2WI高信号,液体衰减反转恢复序列高信号,弥散加权成像示弥散受限.其中例1、例4和例6以急性意识障碍起病,CT和MRI检查除累及整个胼胝体外双侧半卵圆区也受累,预后较差.例2和例3以反应迟钝、记忆力下降起病,CT和MRI检查病变主要累及胼胝体膝部和压部,经积极治疗,患者基本恢复正常.例5以双下肢麻木无力、反应迟钝起病,MRI检查病变累及胼胝体压部及体部,经治疗后也恢复正常.结论 MBD临床表现复杂,但具有特征性影像学表现,其起病形式和影像学特征可作为反映其预后的重要因素之一.     

线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和卒中样发作22例神经影像学特点分析

目的探讨线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和卒中样发作（MELAS）的神经影像学特点。方法收集2003年10月至2006年7月间入住我院神经内科的22例MELAS患者的资料，并对头颅CT、MRI平扫及增强、MRA、磁共振波谱（MRS）等影像学检查的结果进行分析。结果22例患者中21例影像学检查结果为阳性，其病灶9例位于单侧，12例位于两侧半球。主要累及枕、顶、颞、额叶，头颅MRI表现为T1WI低信号，T2WI、FLAIR像高信号。其中16例MRI增强中12例病灶被不同程度强化。3例表现较为特殊，1例患者影像学表现为软化灶样改变，1例伴有Fahr综合征样改变，1例MRI增强见强血管反应。MRS表现为N-乙酰天冬氨酸峰降低及高乳酸峰。结论虽然MELAS神经影像学特点复杂多样，但有其特征性的表现，如病灶多位于皮质及皮质下，新旧病灶反复交替等，因此，可利用CT、MRI、MRS等影像学方法辅助该病的诊断。     

Magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to examine the neuropathology of multiple sclerosis

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly extended the understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS), owing to its ability to sensitively depict the dynamics of the disease process in vivo. The subject of this review is the use of MRI in the post-mortem setting, with emphasis on how it may be used to improve the specimen selection process at autopsy. Lesions with active demyelination are highly interesting in the study of MS pathogenesis, but are rare in a typical autopsy material of chronic MS. The yield of MS lesions in autopsy specimen selection can be increased by the use of MRI-guided tissue sampling, as a significant proportion of abnormalities detected by post-mortem MRI are not macroscopically visible/palpable. The majority of these MRI abnormalities have been found to represent either discrete areas of microglial activation with no demyelination (so-called (p)reactive lesions), or active demyelinating MS lesions by further histopathological examination. The presence and extent of MS pathology outside of the focal demyelinated lesions is more readily appreciated by MRI-guided specimen sampling, as has been shown in the study of extensive areas of partial myelin loss in the spinal cord. A further advantage of MRI-guided specimen sampling is the ability to use three-dimensional and quantitative measures. The potential of correlating these with histopathological data may be further exploited in the future. The technical procedure for MRI-guided tissue sampling at autopsy is presented, and the limitations of the technique are discussed.     

"Back from the future": a powerful age-progression technique.

This paper briefly reviews the benefits of using age-progression techniques in hypnotherapy, followed by a detailed explanation and illustration of the "back-from-the-future" technique with two case examples, including their outcome. The patients presented with feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, and a sense of futurelessness. Following the hypnotherapeutic intervention, patients were instructed to take time to reflect on the session and to write down the specific experiences they had on their voyage into the future focusing on their visual images, auditory sensations, experiences with other senses (touch, smell, and taste), as well as thoughts, emotions, and self-perceptions. Follow-up validated that the patients maintained their therapeutic accomplishments several months after the initial interventions.     

Magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging: a novel technique for imaging venous thromboemboli

Invasive testing is now seldom required in patients with suspected venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, a corollary of noninvasive imaging is increased complexity as results are often yielded as probabilities rather than definitive answers and additional testing is frequently required following initial imaging. This creates a milieu in which misunderstandings and protocol violations are common, potentially leading to diagnostic errors. A highly accurate noninvasive imaging technique which allows immediate treatment decisions to be made is needed. Magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging (MRDTI) is a novel technique which detects methaemoglobin in clot, allowing visualisation of thrombus without using intravenous contrast. It has two major advantages over conventional modalities which identify it as having the potential to fill this role. Firstly, direct visualisation of thrombus overcomes many of the pitfalls of conventional techniques, which have either identified thrombus as a filling defect or in terms of surrogates. Secondly, simultaneous imaging of the legs and chest allows a comprehensive assessment of thrombus load, minimising the importance of overlooked subsegmental pulmonary embolism (PE) and potentially facilitating more titrated treatment. Early data suggest MRDTI is highly accurate for the detection of both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and PE, and ongoing out-come studies are evaluating the safety of withholding treatment in suspected DVT and PE on the basis of negative MRDTI alone. If favorable, a multi-centre outcome study evaluating cost-effectiveness as well as safety would be justified. Subject to further evaluation, this technique has the potential greatly to simplify and standardise the investigation of suspected VTE.