抗人跨膜激活剂及钙调亲环素配体相互作用分子单克隆抗体的制备

目的：制备抗人跨膜激活剂及钙调亲环素配体相互作用分子(TACI)单克隆抗体(mAb)，研究TACI分子的细胞分布。方法：应用淋巴细胞杂交技术制备鼠源性抗TACI mAb。用免疫荧光染色、流式细胞术及免疫组织化学染色法，对TACI在外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)上的分布进行鉴定。结果：获得两株分泌抗TACI mAb的杂交瘤细胞株。mAb的腹水效价达10^-7，均为IgGl亚类，可识别T细胞表面天然的TACI分子，在PHA活化的模型中，TACI主要表达于活化的CD4^ T细胞上。结论：获得两株能特异性识别天然TACl分子的mAb，为进一步研究TACl分子的结构和功能奠定了基础。     

抗CD1d单克隆抗体的制备及其识别结构域的鉴定

目的：制备抗人CD1d单克隆抗体（mAb）并研究其结合特性。方法：应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备鼠源性抗人CD1dmAb。用免疫荧光染色和流式细胞术鉴定其识别位点。结果：获得1株分泌抗CD1dmAb的杂交瘤细胞株。mAb的腹水ELISA效价达10^-6，为IgG1亚类，可识别293T细胞转染的CD1d分子的α1结构域。结论：获得1株可特异性识别CD1d α1结构域的mAb，为进一步研究CD1d的结构及功能提供了手段。     

鼠抗人CD28分子单克隆抗体的研制及生物学特性研究

目的 制备鼠抗人CD28分子的单克隆抗体（mAb),研究其在T细胞的活化、增殖及信号传导中的作用。方法 以小鼠淋巴瘤细胞转染人CD28基因的细胞株（CD28-T）为免疫原,采用B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,获取分泌特异性mAb的杂交瘤细胞株,以体内诱生法生产腹水,并以免疫亲和层析法对其纯化,以快速定性试纸法鉴定mAb的Ig亚类,竞争抑制法分析mAb识别的抗原表位,3H-TdR掺入法研究mAb对T细胞的刺激效应,结果 成功地获得了5株分泌特异性抗入CD28mAb的杂交瘤细胞株,鉴定的1株（克隆18G8）属IgG2a,腹水效价（流式细胞仪分析）达1：2400以上,该mAb能60%阻断标准鼠抗入CD28抗体与相应抗原的结合,提示其识别的抗原表位与标准mAb不完全相同,mAb18G8可取代B7-1分子介导的协同刺激信号,促进人外周血T细胞增殖（ST=7）。结论 18G8是12株功能性mAb,具有重要的研究和应用价值。     

抗人ILT-4单克隆抗体制备及初步鉴定

目的: 制备抗人ILT4分子单克隆抗体(mAb)并进行初步鉴定.方法: 应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术, 制备小鼠源性抗人ILT4 mAb.用间接ELISA法测定腹水mAb的效价.以Western blot测定mAb的抗原结合活性.通过流式细胞术(FCM)对mAb结合转染细胞表面及天然细胞表面ILT4分子的活性进行鉴定.结果: 获得7株分泌抗ILT4 mAb的杂交瘤细胞株.ELISA法测定腹水mAb的效价均达1×10-6, 7株mAb均为IgG1(κ).Western blot结果显示, 3株mAb与人ILT4有良好的结合活性.用转染细胞及U937细胞做FCM分析发现另外4株mAb可结合真核表达的及天然的ILT4分子.结论: 获得7株能特异性识别ILT4分子的mAb, 为研究ILT4分子的组织分布和功能研究提供了可靠的实验手段.     

抗CD1d单克隆抗体的制备及其识别结构域的鉴定

目的:制备抗人CD1d单克隆抗体(mAb)并研究其结合特性。方法:应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备鼠源性抗人CD1d mAb。用免疫荧光染色和流式细胞术鉴定其识别位点。结果:获得1株分泌抗CD1d mAb的杂交瘤细胞株。mAb的腹水ELISA效价达10-6,为IgG1亚类,可识别293T细胞转染的CD1d分子的α1结构域。结论:获得1株可特异性识别CD1dα1结构域的mAb,为进一步研究CD1d的结构及功能提供了手段。     

抗人血小板/T细胞活化抗原1(PTA1)不同表位单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的 研制一套可识别PTA1分子不同功能性表位的单克隆抗体（mAb)。方法 采用亲和层析法从血小板裂解液中纯化的天然PTA1分子免疫Balb/c小鼠,以间接ELISA筛选阳性杂交瘤,并以PTA1 cDNA转染COS7细胞,进行间接免疫荧光染色和流式细胞术鉴定mAb的特异性。竞争结合试验确定mAb识别PTA1分子的表位。纯化的PTA1经SDS－PAGE后,转移到PVDF膜,确定mAb是否可用于Western blot。结果 共获得7株可稳定分泌mAb的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为FMU1,FMU2,FMU3,FMU4,FMU5,FMU6和FMU7。所有mAb与纯化天然PTA1和PTA1／Ig融合蛋白均有良好的免疫反应性,均可识别PTA1 cDNA转染的COS7细胞。流式细胞仪检测阳性荧光峰型与PTA1阳性对照Leo A1 mAb的荧光峰型相似;7株mAb识别PTA1分子的5个不同表位;FMU1,FMU2,FMU4,FMU5,FMU6和FMU7可应用于Westernblot。结论 成功地制备7株抗PTA1分子的特异性mAb。这些mAb可分别识别PTA1的5个表位,为PTA1分子结构与功能的研究提供了新的手段。     

抗大鼠Nogo分子单克隆抗体的制备与初步鉴定

目的：制备抗大鼠Nogo分子单克隆抗体(mAb)，为研究Nogo分子的组织分布和功能提供实验手段。方法：应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备小鼠源性抗大鼠Nogo mAb。用免疫荧光组织化学技术，对Nogo分子在大鼠中枢神经系统(CNS)的分布进行鉴定。结果：获得3株分泌抗Nogo mAb的杂交瘤细胞株。间接ELISA测定腹水效价达10^-6，两株mAb为IgG1(κ)亚类，另一株为IgG2b(κ)，在免疫荧光组织化学技术应用中获得较满意效果。结论：获得3株能特异性识别天然Nogo分子的mAb，为进一步研究Nogo分子的结构和功能奠定了基础。     

抗人FKBP52分子单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的；研制抗人FKBP52单克隆抗体（mAb)，并分析其免疫生物学特性。方法：采用纯化的人FKBP52蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠。用ELISA法鉴定mAb的特异性；用Western blot鉴定制备的9株mAb所识别的抗原相对分子质量（Mr)及结合人FKBP52分子的功能区。结果：共获得9株分泌抗人FKBP52 mAb的杂交瘤细胞。抗人FKBP52 mAb可识别相对Mr为52000在原核系统中表达的人FKBP52蛋白，也可识别Jurkat细胞浆中Mr为52000的天然FKBP52蛋白。两株mAb均可识别人FKBP52分子中的第2功能区。其余7株mAb可识别人FKBP52分子中的第3功能区。结论：成功地制备了抗人FKBP52分子mAb。     

一株识别CD40分子新位点的单克隆抗体研制及生物学特性鉴定

目的：研制识别CD40分子新位点的单克隆抗体（mAb）。方法：以转人CD40转基因细胞L929-CD40为免疫原，常规免疫6—8周龄的雌性BALB／c小鼠；采用B淋巴细胞融合技术，将免疫小鼠脾脏细胞与Sp2／0融合，以L929-CD40转基因细胞为抗体筛选阳性细胞，经免疫荧光标记分析对杂交瘤进行反复筛选和多次的克隆化培养；采用快速定性试纸法及竞争抑制结合试验分析了该mAb的亚类及抗原识别位点；采用MTT法分析mAb在体外对肿瘤细胞的促增殖效应、ELISA法测定细胞因子分泌以及PI染色分析细胞周期。结果：获得1株持续、稳定分泌鼠抗人CIM0mAb的杂交瘤细胞株（命名为286），该mAb能特异性地识别人CD40分子并较好的识别肿瘤细胞株H08910表达的CD40分子并能够体外促进肿瘤细胞增殖。结论：成功地研制1株识别CD40新位点mAb，该mAb能够很好地识别肿瘤细胞表达的CD40分子并具有体外促进肿瘤细胞生长的作用。     

人CD112(Nectin2/PRR2)单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的：表达和纯化CD112 胞膜外区重组蛋白, 制备针对CD112胞膜外区的单克隆抗体（mAb）, 并且研究CD112的分布.方法：采用基因重组技术在真核系统表达CD112-Fc融合蛋白, 亲和层析法进行蛋白纯化;纯化的CD112-Fc融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠, 杂交瘤技术建立分泌CD112 mAb的杂交瘤细胞株, 间接ELISA、 Western blot及FCM鉴定mAb 的特异性.用流式细胞术（FCM）检测 CD112 的细胞系分布.结果：构建了高效真核表达载体pIg3C-CD112, 表达并纯化了CD112-Fc融合蛋白, 其纯度大于 90%.以纯化重组蛋白为免疫原共制备9株分泌抗CD112 mAb的杂交瘤细胞株（命名为FMU-CD112.1 ～FMU-CD112.9）, 制备腹水并纯化 mAb.FMU-CD112.1、 3、 6和8能用于Western blot, FMU-CD112.1、 4、 6和8可用于 FCM.CD112细胞分布检测显示该分子主要分布在正常上皮及内皮细胞系、巨核细胞谱系和部分T细胞系, 并高表达于上皮及内皮来源的肿瘤、胶质瘤等细胞系.结论：成功地表达纯化了CD112-Fc融合蛋白并建立了稳定分泌CD112 mAb的杂交瘤细胞株, 为CD112的功能研究打下坚实的基础.     

一株识别CD83单克隆抗体的研制及其生物学特性鉴定

目的:鼠抗人CD83功能性单克隆抗体(mAb)的研制及其生物学特性的鉴定.方法:以人CD83转基因细胞L929/CD83为免疫原,常规免疫6～8周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠;采用B淋巴细胞融合技术,将免疫小鼠脾脏细胞与Sp2/0融合,以L929/CD83、293/CD83转基因细胞为抗体筛选阳性细胞,经免疫荧光标记分析对杂交瘤进行反复筛选和多次的克隆化培养;采用Ig类和亚类快速定性试纸法、染色体核型分析、竞争结合抑制试验、间接免疫荧光法、Western blot对mAb的生物学特性进行鉴定.结果:获得1株稳定分泌鼠抗人CD83mAb的杂交瘤细胞株(命名为9D8),该mAb能特异性地识别成熟的DC、活化的T细胞及肿瘤细胞株Daudi、8226表达的CD83分子,该mAb识别的位点不同于商品化抗人CD83mAb(HB15e).结论:成功地研制1株鼠抗人CD83mAb,识别位点与HB15e不同,为更好地研究该分子的功能提供良好的物质基础.     

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against conserved epitopes of P-selectin (CD62P)

P-selectin (CD62P) is an adhesion molecule expressed on the activated endothelium and activated platelets that is involved in the initial attachment of leukocytes to inflamed vascular endothelium. Blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and P-selectin-deficient mice have shown that P-selectin is a potential target in anti-inflammatory therapy. Most mAbs against P-selectin do not bind to conserved epitopes, including the ligand-binding region, since P-selectin from mammalian species shares high amino acid sequence homology. The aim of this study was to generate a novel panel of anti-P-selectin mAbs against the conserved epitopes present in several animal species. To produce these mAbs, P-selectin-deficient mice were immunized with a pre-B-cell line transfected with human P-selectin cDNA. Twelve mouse mAbs that recognize human P-selectin were obtained. Individual mAbs that bound to human, rat, mouse, rabbit and pig activated platelets were characterized by flow-cytometry, immunohistochemistry, adhesion assays and immunoprecipitation. Four of these mAbs (P-sel.KO.2.3, P-sel.KO.2.4, P-sel.KO.2.7 and P-sel.KO.2.12) cross-reacted with human, rat and mouse P-selectin. Another three mAbs (P-sel.KO.2.2, P-sel.KO.2.11 and P-sel.KO.2.12) blocked the attachment of HL60 cells to P-selectin-transfected COS cells, demonstrating that these mAbs inhibit P-selectin-mediated adhesion. MAb cross-blocking experiments showed that these three mAbs bind to very close and overlapping epitopes. An ELISA assay using mAbs P-sel.KO.2.3 and P-sel.KO.2.12 was designed to measure soluble rat, mouse and human P-selectin. These anti-P-selectin mAbs are unique since they recognize common epitopes conserved during mammalian evolution and they may be useful for studying P-selectin function in inflammatory models in various species.     

抗人LSECtin单克隆抗体的制备与初步鉴定

目的:制备抗肝脏、淋巴结窦内皮细胞C型凝集素(LSECtin)单克隆抗体(mAb),并进行特性鉴定。方法:采用原核表达的LSECtin免疫BALB/c小鼠,以间接ELISA法筛选分泌特异性mAb的杂交瘤细胞,采用蛋白印迹、间接免疫荧光、流式细胞术和免疫组化染色法鉴定mAb的特异性。结果:共获得8株可稳定分泌mAb的杂交瘤细胞株。mAb的Ig亚类均为IgG,效价达1∶106~1∶107。这些mAb均可识别转染3T3细胞膜上的人LSECtin,6株mAb可特异识别肝脏窦内皮细胞。结论:成功地制备8株抗LSECtin的mAb,经免疫印迹、流式细胞术和免疫组化染色检测,这些mAb的特异性良好,为研究LSECtin的功能提供了有力的试剂。     

抗人成骨肉瘤杂交瘤细胞系的建立及其特性鉴定

目的 建立分泌抗人成骨肉瘤单克隆抗体（mAb)的杂交瘤细胞系，并对其分泌的mAb进行鉴定。方法 用成骨肉瘤细胞系（OSPS-9607）免疫Balb/c小鼠，取脾细胞按常规方法融合，筛选，克隆化及腹水mAb制备，取骨肉瘤手术标本（60例）及正常组织（6种），用mAb进行免疫组化ABC染色。结果 筛选出2株能持续，稳定分泌特异性抗骨肉瘤mAb的杂交瘤细胞株（6E5和3F7），2株杂交瘤细胞经过100d连续培养，分泌mAb的特性稳定，mAb特异性强，效价高。免疫组化染色检测表明，mAb6E5和3F7针对的抗原，在成骨肉瘤组织及成骨肉瘤细胞系均呈高表达（70%）。针对mAb6E5的抗原主要分布于细胞核上，针对mAb3F7的抗原主要分布于细胞浆内，6种正常组织中除胃粘膜可见弱阳性反应外，其余未见明确的阳性反应。结论 此两株杂交瘤细胞分泌的mAb对成骨肉瘤细胞具有特异亲和性，为成骨肉瘤的早期诊断。免疫治疗及发现成骨肉瘤新的标志物奠定了基础。     

5株鼠抗人CD28单克隆抗体的研制及生物学特性的研究

目的：制备鼠抗人CD28分子功能性单克隆抗体，研究其对T细胞活化、增殖及信号转导等方面的生物学效应。方法：以天然高表达CD28分子的人多发性骨髓瘤细胞株U266和小鼠淋巴瘤细胞转人CD28基因细胞株CD28-T分别作为免疫原和检测细胞株，采用B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术进行单抗的研制；以快速定性试纸法鉴定单抗亚类；腹水诱生法和免疫亲和层析法进行单抗的制备和纯化；经间接免疫荧光法分析单抗对不同细胞膜表面CD28分子的识别；采用竞争抑制法分析单抗识别的抗原位点；利用^3H-TdR掺入法分析单抗对PBTC的刺激效应和免疫荧光法分析PBTC活化前后的表型变化。结果：成功获得5株鼠抗人CD28功能性单克隆抗体，分别命名为2D5、2F5、3136、3F8和8G8，其中2D5为IgG2a亚类，其余均为IgG1亚类；流式细胞仪分析结果显示，5株单抗均能良好识别CD28-T、U266、XGI和Jurkat细胞表面的CD28分子；竞争抑制试验表明，2D5和8G8能完全阻断标准抗人CD28单抗与U266膜CD28分子的结合，其余3株为部分阻断；^3H-TdR掺入法实验结果表明，单抗8G8联合激发型CD3单抗能明显促进PBTC的增殖，刺激指数为7．4，活化细胞CD4、CD25、ICOS、4IBB及OX40分子的表达上调。结论：5株单抗均为抗人CD28单克隆抗体，具有重要的基础研究及潜在的临床应用价值。     

Antibodies recognizing CD24 LAP epitope on human T cells enhance CD28 and IL-2 T cell proliferation

Membrane expression of the CD24 molecule on activated T lymphocytes is not elucidated fully. We previously described the intracellular and cell-surface expression of the CD24 sialic acid-dependent epitope(s) on phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, the CD24 core protein was not detected previously on human T cells. This study reinvestigated the expression and role of CD24 in T cell subsets. We analyzed binding of anti-CD24 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to sialic and leucine-alanine-proline (LAP) epitopes in resting and activated, normal T lymphocytes. CD24 LAP and CD24 sialic epitopes were detected on activated CD4- and CD8-positive cells. Although expression of CD24 sialic epitopes remained stably expressed in interleukin (IL)-2-dependent cultures, T cell expression of the LAP epitope was transient. Anti-LAP antibodies strongly enhanced the response of T cells to a combination of anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs and enhanced proliferative response induced by recombinant IL-2. We found similarities in the tissue distribution and function of the human CD24 LAP molecule and the murine, heat-stable antigen, which suggests that CD24 might function as a signaling molecule on human T cells.     

Direct evidence for a critical role of CD30 in the development of allergic asthma

BACKGROUND: CD30 is a costimulatory molecule belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily that is expressed on activated T and B cells. Several studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between expression of CD30 or increased levels of soluble CD30 and the development and severity of allergic diseases. However, thus far, the evidence for a role of CD30 in allergic diseases, such as asthma, is only indirect. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to directly investigate the role of CD30 in a murine asthma model. METHODS: CD30-deficient (B6.129P2-Tnfrsf8(tm1Mak)/J) and wild-type (WT) mice were immunized to ovalbumin (OVA) to induce an asthma-like phenotype and compared in our murine asthma model. Moreover, CD30/CD30 ligand signaling was blocked in OVA-immunized WT animals by using mAbs against CD30 receptor and its ligand, CD153. RESULTS: The absence of CD30 in OVA-immunized CD30-deficient mice resulted in significantly reduced airway inflammation, serum IgE levels, and TH2 cytokine levels. The same effect was observed when CD30/CD153 signaling was blocked in OVA-immunized WT animals with mAbs against CD30 or CD30 ligand. CONCLUSION: Our results directly demonstrate that CD30/CD153 interaction plays an important role in the induction of TH2 cell-mediated allergic asthma. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These findings provide evidence for a role of the costimulatory molecule CD30 in allergic asthma.     

The monoclonal antibody, UCHL1, recognizes a 180,000 MW component of the human leucocyte-common antigen, CD45.

The leucocyte-common antigen (L-CA or CD45) is a family of high molecular weight glycoproteins, ranging from 180,000 to 220,000 MW that are expressed only on cells of lymphoid and myeloid origin. CD45 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognize epitopes present on all polypeptides of the family, while other mAbs, termed CD45R, recognize determinants found only on the 220,000 MW and 200,000 MW polypeptides. In contrast the mAb UCHL1 recognizes a 180,000 MW antigen. UCHL1-coupled Sepharose beads were used to absorb antigen from lysates of cell lines. CD45 mAbs bound to this immobilized antigen. Antigen immobilized with CD45 mAb-coupled Sepharose beads bound UCHL1. Antigen purified by absorption and elution from the MOLT-4 cell line with CD45 mAb-coupled beads yielded molecules of 180,000 and 190,000 MW. Reprecipitation of the eluted antigen with UCHL1 resulted in a 180,000 MW band only. In a reciprocal experiment, CD45 mAb reprecipitated a 180,000 MW molecule from purified UCHL1 antigen. UCHL1 and the CD45R mAb 2H4 showed a mutually exclusive pattern of reactivity with human T- and B-cell lines, but co-expression of the antigens was seen on two myeloid and one erythroleukaemic cell line. In contrast, epitopes recognized by other putative CD45R mAbs were co-expressed with UCHL1 both on myeloid, erythroid and many T- and B-cell lines. We conclude that UCHL1 recognizes an epitope present only on the 180,000 MW polypeptide of CD45. Expression of this antigen is essentially reciprocal to the epitope detected by the CD45R mAb 2H4.     

Detection of novel CD antigens on the surface of human mast cells and basophils

BACKGROUND: Mast cells (MC) and basophils are effector cells of allergic reactions. Growth and function of these cells are regulated by a network of cytokines, other ligands, and respective cell surface membrane receptors. METHODS: In the present study, we examined the expression of novel CD antigens on human lung MC, skin MC, blood basophils, the MC line HMC-1, and the basophil cell line KU-812. Expression of surface antigens was analyzed by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and indirect immunofluorescence staining techniques. RESULTS: Primary MC were found to react with mAbs against KIT (CD117), the signal regulatory protein SIRP-alpha (CD172a), and the ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c). Human basophils were found to express large amounts of E-NPP3 and lower levels of Siglec-5 (CD170), CXCR4 (CD184) and SIRP-alpha. The HMC-1 cell line was recognized by mAbs against SIRP-alpha, CXCR4, endothelial protein C receptor (CD201) and E-NPP3. KU-812 cells were found to react with mAbs against E-NPP3, CXCR4 and glycophorin C (CD236R), but did not react with mAb against endothelial protein C receptor. Most of the other CD antigens tested disclosed negative results. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our data provide further evidence that MC and basophils express a unique composition of surface antigens. The use of novel CD antibodies may help to isolate MC and basophils and to study their functional properties.