丙泊酚与异氟醚麻醉时听觉诱发电位指数的变化

目的比较静脉麻醉药丙泊酚与吸入麻醉药异氟醚麻醉时听觉诱发电位指数(AEPI)的变化规律.方法 30例拟行全身麻醉下择期手术患者,无听力障碍和严重神经学疾患,非颅脑手术,静注咪唑安定0.08 mg/kg后,随机分为两组,每组15例,其中组I静注丙泊酚靶控浓度2 μg/mL;组II吸入异氟醚使呼气末浓度(ET%)达1.5%.随后静注芬太尼(5 μg/kg),维库溴铵0.15 mg/kg.观察整个诱导期及麻醉手术中AEPI的变化规律.结果两组病人用药后AEPI进行性降低至30以下,所用时间分别为(6.2±2.5)、(15.2±1.9)min,组II病人AEPI随吸入浓度增加而进行性降低.插管后AEPI有上升趋势,但仍能维持AEPI 于30以下;组I病人麻醉期间AEPI不稳定(短暂升高达40以上)的发生率(40%)较组II病人(13%)高(P<0.01);术后访视所有病人无术中知晓.结论丙泊酚、异氟醚均可降低AEPI,丙泊酚麻醉期AEPI有较高的波动率,但与术后知晓无关.     

异氟醚或异丙酚麻醉对血糖及胰岛素浓度的影响

目的 :观察颅脑手术中吸入异氟醚麻醉或静注异丙酚麻醉静脉血血糖及胰岛素浓度的变化。方法 :30例颅内肿瘤切除术病人随机分为异氟醚组与异丙酚组 ,每组 15例。两组诱异用药相同 ;麻醉维持分别为异丙酚或异氟醚。于诱异前、插管后、麻醉维持 30min及 6 0min采静脉血 ,测定血糖和胰岛素浓度。结果 :异丙酚组各时点血糖、异氟醚组各时点胰岛素浓度无显著变化 ;异氟醚组血糖浓度在麻醉后 30及 6 0min明显升高 (P <0 .0 5及P <0 .0 1) ,异丙酚组胰岛素浓度在麻醉后 6 0min显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :异氟醚麻醉下血糖显著升高 ,而异丙酚麻醉血糖无显著变化 ,故异丙酚麻醉较适用于颅脑手术。     

异氟醚或丙泊酚对罗库溴铵量效关系的影响

目的 比较异氟醚和丙泊酚对罗库溴铵量效关系的影响.方法 选择拟行择期手术全麻病人48例,随机分为丙泊酚组(n=24)和异氟醚组(n=24).异氟醚组麻醉维持吸入1个肺泡气最低有效浓度(MAC)的异氟醚,丙泊酚组泵入丙泊酚3～6 mg/(kg·h),利用单次剂量法测定罗库溴铵的半数有效量(ED50)和95%有效量(ED95).结果 丙泊酚组罗库溴铵ED50为152 μg/kg (95%CI 131～175 μg/kg),ED95为314 μg/kg(95%CI 286～373 μg/kg),高于异氟醚组[88 μg/kg(95%CI 72～104 μg/kg)和263 μg/kg (95%CI 228～283 μg/kg)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 成年人罗库溴铵的ED50、ED95值在异氟醚麻醉下比丙泊酚麻醉下明显降低,提示异氟醚能增强罗库溴铵的药效强度.     

外科学

71老年人低流t异氮醚吸人麻醉的初步探讨/陈连贵…//中华老年医学杂志一1995,14(5).一307 20例择期手术患者,年龄60~77岁。麻醉前30分钟肌注安定10mg、东食若碱0. 3mg,入手术室后输液,静注芬太尼。.lmg、安定lomg,意识消失后静注阿屈可林。,209/kg,面罩下给氧(6升/分)去氮2~3分钟。开挥发器,以4升/分氧流量先后吸入1%、2%、4%异氟醚各2分钟,静注唬拍胆碱1~1.smg/kg,行气管插管,以2升/分氧、2%异氟醚继续吸入4分钟后改为0.5升/分氧和1,5%异氟醚维持麻醉,辅以阿屈可林0.Zmg瓜g。结果,麻醉30分、60分和90分钟的呼出道异氟醚浓度均值无明显…     

七氟醚与丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉用于眼科手术喉罩气道患儿的比较

目的 比较眼科手术患儿七氟醚与丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉术中血流动力学及麻醉恢复情况.方法 择期行眼科手术(斜视矫正术、白内障摘除术、眶内肿物摘除术)患儿40例,ASA Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,随机分为七氟醚组(S 组)与丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼组(PR组),每组20例.麻醉诱导相同,咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg,芬太尼3 μg/ks,丙泊酚2 mg/kg,插入喉罩.麻醉维持:S组吸入七氟醚,氧流量2.0 L/min,呼气末浓度1.0 MAC,手术结束时,停止吸入七氟醚,纯氧吸入,氧流量调整为5.0 L/min.PR组瑞芬太尼0.10μg/(kg·min)恒速输注,丙泊酚在静注2 mg/kg后6 min以9 mg/(kg·min)恒速输注,40 min后7 mg/(kg·min)恒速输注,两组术中均未使用肌松药.记录两组患儿术中收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、听觉诱发电位指数(AEPI).记录手术时间、术毕自主呼吸恢复时间,拔除喉罩时间,Alrete评分达到9分时间及麻醉恢复室(PACU)停留时间.结果 与PR组比较,S组自主呼吸恢复时间缩短(P<0.05),但拔除喉罩时间两组差异无统计学意义,Aldrete评分达到9分时间及PACU停留时间延长(P<0.05).与诱导前比较,两组在插入喉罩即刻、手术开始后5 min、10 min、15 min、30 min SBP、DBP均降低(P<0.05),但两组间比较差异无统计学意义;PR 组 HR 降低(P<0.05),两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论眼科手术喉罩气道患儿七氟醚麻醉或丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉循环稳定;七氟醚麻醉患儿呼吸恢复较快,丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉患儿早期意识状态恢复较好.     

七氟醚吸入与丙泊酚静脉靶控输注用于全麻诱导的效果比较

目的比较七氟醚吸入和丙泊酚静脉靶控输注用于全麻诱导的效果。方法 40例全身麻醉下手术患者随机分为七氟醚组和丙泊酚组,麻醉诱导顺序静注咪达唑仑0.05mg/kg和芬太尼4μg/kg后,七氟醚组吸入浓度8%的七氟醚,丙泊酚组靶控输注丙泊酚2μg/ml,然后静注阿曲库铵0.4mg/kg,3min后气管插管。记录两组患者插管前、插管中以及插管后3min的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）。结果两组MAP、HR在基础值、插管前和插管后3min变化没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）;麻醉诱导后七氟醚组和丙泊酚组MAP和HR均比基础值降低（P〈0.05）,诱导后3min七氟醚组和丙泊酚组均回复到基础值水平（P〉0.05）。结论七氟醚与丙泊酚一样,麻醉诱导平稳,能有效抑制插管时心血管反应。     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在上腹部手术中的应用

目的　观察全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在上腹部手术中的应用效果。方法　选 2 0例择期胃癌根治术或胆道探查术患者 ,随机分为全麻组 (对照组 )和全麻复合硬膜外组 (观察组 ) ,每组 10例。两组病人全麻诱导方法相同 ,观察组病人于全麻前行T8-9或T9-10 椎间隙硬膜外穿刺置管 ,局麻药用 2 %利多卡因 ,麻醉平面控制在T4以下 ,术中维持每 6 0min追加局麻药 1次 ,并吸入笑气和异氟醚。全麻组术中间断静注芬太尼和维库溴铵 ,并吸入笑气和异氟醚维持麻醉。对照组MAC控制在 1 3左右 ,观察组MAC控制在 0 . 8左右即可。结果　观察组芬太尼、维库溴铵用量及术中异氟醚吸入浓度明显低于对照组 (P <0 . 0 5 ) ,笑气吸入浓度无显著差异。两组病人术中均无知晓 ,对照组 2例病人拔管后躁动 ,而观察组无 1例发生。观察组术后止痛药物的用量明显少于对照组。结论　全麻复合硬膜外麻醉是一种值得推广的麻醉方法。     

异丙酚-异氟醚静吸复合麻醉用于颅脑手术的临床效果研究

目的探讨异丙酚-异氟醚静吸复合麻醉用于颅脑手术的临床效果。方法20例ASA I～II级择期开颅手术患者被随机分成异丙酚-异氟醚组(I组)及单纯异氟醚组(II组)。对比观察2组在手术不同时期的血流动力学及异氟醚吸入浓度的变化。结果2组血压均未见增高,且明显低于基础值(P<0.05),I组异氟醚吸入浓度明显低于II组,降低37%左右(P<0.01)。结论异丙酚100μg/kg·min持续静脉输注维持麻醉可降低异氟醚MAC,对血流动力学影响轻微,术中麻醉平稳,术毕苏醒较快,适用于神经外科手术麻醉。     

脑电双频谱指数反馈调控静吸复合麻醉的临床应用

目的 研究应用脑电双频谱指数 (BIS)监测反馈调控静吸复合麻醉的可行性。方法 将50例择期手术病人随机分为对照组 (组Ⅰ )和BIS反馈组 (组Ⅱ ) ,每组25例。组I术中麻醉深度以MAP、HR和对手术刺激的反应为依据调节麻醉深度。组II以BIS值40～50作为反馈值调节麻醉深度 ,BIS>50时提高吸入异氟醚浓度 ,<40时降低吸入异氟醚浓度。记录两组病人入室后、意识消失、气管插管前、气管插管后、切皮、术中、停异氟醚后10min、吞咽反射和睁眼时BIS值、肺泡最低有效浓度(MAC)、MAP和HR等的变化 ,记录意识恢复的时间 ,随访有否术中知晓。 结果 麻醉诱导后两组病人的BIS值较基础值明显为低 (P<0.01) ,术中两组病人的BIS值差别不显著 (P>0.05) ;停异氟醚后10min,组ⅡBIS值明显高于组Ⅰ (P<0.01) ;术中吸2%异氟醚时间组Ⅱ明显短于组Ⅰ(P<0.01) ;术毕唤醒时间组Ⅱ早于组Ⅰ (P<0.05) ;术后随访50例病人均无术中知晓。结论 应用BIS值反馈调控静吸复合全身麻醉 ,可更加合理地评估麻醉深度 ,防止术中知晓 ,减少麻醉用药量 ,加快病人苏醒。     

瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉与异氟醚吸入麻醉在老年人腹部手术中的比较

目的 比较瑞芬太尼复合泊酚和异氟醚吸入用于老年病人腹部手术的麻醉效果.方法 选择40例拟行腹部手术的老年病人,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,随机分为瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(R组,n=20)和异氟醚组(Ⅰ组,n=20),每组20例.两组麻醉诱导相同:咪唑安定0.1mg/Kg,丙泊酚1.5mg/Kg,芬太尼3μg/Kg,维库溴铵0.1 mg/Kg;麻醉维持:R组持续泵注瑞芬太尼0.2μg/Kg,丙泊酚3～4 mg/Kg·h-1.Ⅰ组持续吸入异氟醚3%～4%.两组术中间断静注维库溴铵,控制呼吸,观察两组围术期血流动力学变化、术后恢复情况及不良反应.结果 R组术中血流动力学指标较Ⅰ组平稳:术后呼之睁眼及拔管时间短于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),苏醒期躁动、高血压和心动过速发生率明显低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01).结论 瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉全麻与异氟醚吸入麻醉比较,具有血流动力学稳定,术后苏醒快,不良反应少,安全可行的优点,适用于老年患者腹部手术.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.