碳酸镧治疗维持性血液透析患者高磷血症疗效观察

目的观察新型磷结合剂碳酸镧治疗维持性血液透析患者高磷血症的疗效。方法将31例有高磷血症的维持性血透患者分为正常钙血症组（20例）及高钙血症组（11例）,其中正常钙血症组8例给予碳酸镧,12例给予碳酸钙;高钙血症组11例均给予碳酸镧。试验前及口服1,2,3个月时检测其血钙、磷、甲状旁腺激素及碱性磷酸酶水平。结果维持性血液透析高磷血症患者口服碳酸镧三月血磷及钙磷乘积显著下降,且不增加血钙及甲状旁腺激素水平。结论碳酸镧可以显著下降维持性血液透析高磷血症患者血磷水平,且安全性较好。     

碳酸镧对维持性血液透析患者高磷血症的疗效及安全性

目的探讨碳酸镧对维持性血液透析患者高磷血症治疗的有效性和安全性。方法采用多中心、队列研究方式,选择符合纳入标准的维持性血透患者60例,将其分为2组,每组30例,分别使用碳酸镧或醋酸钙进行降磷治疗,观察时间为8周,定期检测各项血生化指标,记录不良反应。结果治疗前,两组透析患者血磷、血钙水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗结束时,两组血磷水平均降低(P<0.05)。但治疗后2、4、8周,碳酸镧组血磷水平均低于醋酸钙组(P<0.05),血磷水平达标率(<1.78 mmol/L)高于醋酸钙组(P<0.05)。治疗结束时,碳酸镧组血钙水平与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而醋酸钙组血钙水平升高(P<0.05)。碳酸镧组的各期发生高钙血症比率及累计不良反应发生率均低于醋酸钙组(P<0.05)。结论相较于常用含钙磷结合剂醋酸钙,碳酸镧对于维持性血液透析患者具有更好的降磷效果,且高钙血症的发生率降低,可避免增加血管钙化的风险,且不增加患者的不良反应。     

碳酸镧治疗血透患者高磷血症1例

患者,男,62岁,诊断为慢性肾功能衰竭、尿毒症期、维持性血液透析、肾性贫血、肾性高血压。行维持性血液透析5年,每2周透析5次,每次4h,透析器为FX80,透析液钙离子浓度为1.25mmol/L,一直餐中嚼服碳酸钙0.5mg,3次/d（咸阳步长制药,规格：0.5mg/片）控制血钙、血磷。见表1。     

碳酸镧治疗维持性血液透析患者高磷血症的短期疗效及安全性

目的观察碳酸镧治疗维持性血液透析患者高磷血症的短期疗效及安全性。方法选取维持性血液透析并高磷血症患者42例,随机分为两组,每组21例。试验组给予碳酸镧咀嚼片,根据患者的血磷值制定碳酸镧的使用剂量;对照组给予碳酸钙D_3咀嚼片,1片,bid;治疗周期均为12周。观察两组血磷、血钙、钙磷乘积、血全段甲状旁腺素水平变化及不良反应。结果试验组和对照组血磷分别于治疗2周和4周后出现下降,试验组血磷下降幅度大于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组治疗前后血钙水平无明显变化(均P>0.05),对照组治疗后血钙升高(P<0.05)。试验组钙磷乘积下降,且低于同时点对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。试验组和对照组胃肠道反应发生率分别为29%和24%(P>0.05),高钙血症发生率分别为0和29%(P<0.05)。结论与碳酸钙相比,碳酸镧具有更快、更好的降血磷效果,且不会导致高钙血症,是治疗维持性血液透析患者高磷血症安全有效的药物。     

碳酸镧治疗尿毒症维持性血液透析患者高磷血症的临床观察

目的:观察碳酸镧治疗尿毒症维持性血液透析患者高磷血症的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取2012年1月-2016年12月第三军医大学新桥医院和重庆市巴南区中医院的尿毒症维持性血液透析并发高磷血症患者142例,均给予嚼服碳酸镧咀嚼片治疗,起始剂量:血磷为1.78~2.26 mmol/L时,250 mg,tid;血磷>2.26 mmol/L时,500 mg,tid。在治疗过程中,根据患者血磷水平调整药物剂量。治疗1、2、3个月后,检测患者血磷、血钙、白蛋白、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和碱性磷酸酶水平,计算校正血钙及钙磷乘积,并观察不良反应。结果:治疗1、2、3个月后,所有患者血磷、钙磷乘积水平均较治疗前显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗3个月后,血钙校正浓度较治疗前显著减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前后,患者血浆白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、PTH水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者总有效率为93.7%。有19例患者出现轻微不良反应。结论:碳酸镧治疗尿毒症维持性血液透析患者高磷血症具有较高的临床有效率,能明显降低患者血磷和钙磷乘积,且安全性较好。     

持续非卧床腹膜透析患者营养状况调查及相关因素分析

目的 探讨持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者的营养状况并分析其相关影响因素.方法 随机调查行CAPD治疗半年以上患者60例,采用主观综合营养评估、膳食分析、人体学测量及实验室检查等进行评价,对可能影响患者营养状况的常见因素进行分析.结果 本组CPAD患者营养不良发生率为33.3％;发生营养不良的原因为蛋白质及能量摄入不足、透析不充分、腹膜炎症状态、代谢性酸中毒、社会心理因素及未应用促红细胞生成素(EPO)等.结论 CAPD患者营养不育发生率较高;医护人员应高度重视,采取针对性措施改善其营养状况,提高其生活质量.     

持续不卧床腹膜透析的护理体会

持续不卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）,是腹膜透析的一种方法。利用人体腹膜这一天然半透膜作为透析膜,将适量透析液引入腹腔并停留一段时间,使腹膜毛细血管内血液和腹膜透析液之间进行水和溶质交换的过程。腹膜透析液主要含钠、氯、钙、乳酸盐以及维持渗透压必需的高浓度葡萄糖;而肾功能衰竭患者血液中含有大量的肌酐、尿素氮、磷等,     

碳酸镧对腹膜透析合并继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者动脉钙化的临床研究

目的 研究碳酸镧对维持性腹膜透析合并继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者动脉钙化的疗效。方法 将80例腹膜透析合并继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和试验组,2组各40例。对照组给予常规治疗+骨化三醇口服治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上加用碳酸镧口服治疗。比较2组血清全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、血清肌腱蛋白-C（TN-C）水平,甲状旁腺大小、冠状动脉钙化（CAC）积分,钙、磷和钙磷乘积水平,药物不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后,对照组和试验组的血钙水平分别为（2.30±0.15）和（1.98±0.20） mmol·L^-1;这2组的血磷水平分别为（1.75±0.23）和（1.67±0.20） mmol·L^-1;这2组的钙磷乘积水平分别为（4.02±0.56）和（3.34±0.56） mmol·L^-1;这2组的iPTH水平分别为（570.59±101.57）和（368.90±86.63） pg·mL^-1;这2组的TN-C水平分别为（63.66±5.15）和（56.48±5.66）μg·L^...     

持续不卧床腹膜透析的观察与护理

目的：总结持续不卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者的护理经验,减少并发症,提高患者生活质量。方法：对56例慢性肾功能衰竭患者施行CAPD。结果：56例患者顺利进行CAPD,行CAPD后血尿素氮,肌酐均不同程度降低。结论：精心护理,重视心理护理,饮食护理,加强病情观察,及时有效处理并发症,提高CAPD疗效。     

碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙治疗血液透析患者高磷血症的Meta分析

目的 系统评价碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙治疗血液透析患者高磷血症的有效性和安全性。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆,中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、维普中文期刊全文数据库（VIP）和万方数据库,纳入碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙治疗血液透析患者高磷血症的临床随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时限均为建库起至2020年10月,筛选文献并进行质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入12项RCTs,1 066例患者。Meta分析结果显示：（1）相对于醋酸钙或碳酸钙单用,碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙显著提高临床有效率[RR=1.32,95% CI=（1.22,1.42）,P<0.01]、降低血磷水平[MD=-0.35,95% CI=（-0.44,-0.27）,P<0.01]、血钙水平[MD=-0.17,95% CI=（-0.23,-0.11）,P<0.01]和免疫反应性甲状旁腺激素水平[MD=-50.44,95% CI=（-69.71,-31.16）,P<0.01],未显著增加不良反应发生率[RR=0.96,95% CI=（0.62,1.50）,P=0.87];（2）相对于碳酸镧单用,碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙显著提高临床有效率[RR=1.26,95% CI=（1.09,1.45）,P<0.01],降低血磷水平[MD=-0.24,95% CI=（-0.31,-0.17）,P<0.01]、免疫反应性甲状旁腺激素水平[MD=-30.09,95% CI=（-52.76,-7.43）,P<0.01],未增加血钙水平[MD=0.09,95% CI=（-0.04,0.23）,P=0.18]和不良反应发生率[RR=1.03,95% CI=（0.46,2.33）,P=0.94]。结论 碳酸镧联用醋酸钙或碳酸钙治疗血液透析患者高磷血症的临床疗效优于醋酸钙或碳酸钙单用和碳酸镧单用,且未显著增加不良反应发生率。     

碳酸镧对维持性血液透析患者并继发性甲旁亢的高血磷影响

目的观察碳酸镧对维持性血液透析患者并继发性甲旁亢的高磷血症的影响。方法将31例血清全段甲状旁腺素（iFFH〉300-500pg/ml的维持性血液透析患者随机分为2组,每组均口服骨化三醇1．0ug,2次／周冲击治疗。观察组给予口服碳酸镧咀嚼片（Fosren01）500mg,3次／d,14例。对照组给予醋酸钙片667mg,3次／d,17例。结果治疗8周后观察组血磷及iFFH较治疗前明显下降,血磷较对照组有明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论碳酸镧可有效降低MHD患者并继发性甲旁亢用骨化三醇冲击治疗时的血磷水平。     

碳酸镧治疗维持性血液透析患者高磷血症的临床疗效

目的 探讨碳酸镧治疗维持性血液透析患者高磷血症的疗效。方法 选择2014年1月至2015年12月在连云港市第一人民医院维持性血液透析的50例患者为研究对象（透析至少6个月）,随机分为碳酸镧组（LC组）和碳酸钙组（CC组）,每组各25例,治疗4周、24周后,分别比较两组治疗前后血磷、血钙、甲状旁腺激素水平,24周后两组间钙、磷、甲状旁腺激素水平。结果 47例患者完成治疗及随访。与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗4周后的血磷水平均下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗24周后的血磷水平下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。LC组整个治疗过程中血钙无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而CC组治疗24周后血钙水平升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者的甲状旁腺激素水平较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗24周后,LC组患者血磷、血钙、甲状旁腺激素水平低于CC组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 碳酸镧能安全有效治疗终末期肾衰透析患者高磷血症,降磷作用持久、副作用少,且更安全有效。     

药用炭片联合碳酸镧治疗血液透析高磷血症的临床研究

目的探讨药用炭片联合碳酸镧治疗血液透析高磷血症的临床疗效。方法选取2014年5月—2016年5月在驻马店市中心医院治疗的血液透析高磷血症患者160例,随机分为对照组(80例)和治疗组(80例)。对照组口服碳酸镧咀嚼片,1 g/次,3次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服药用炭片,1.5 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均经过12周。观察比较治疗前后两组患者临床疗效和血清学指标。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床总有效率分别为81.25%、93.75%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血磷、血钙、血甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、成纤维生长因子23(FGF-23)和钙磷乘积水平均明显降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组血清学指标低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论药用炭片联合碳酸镧治疗血液透析高磷血症可有效改善患者生存质量,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

A long-term,open-label extension study on the safety of treatment with lanthanum carbonate,a new phosphate binder,in patients receiving hemodialysis

ABSTRACT

Background: Lanthanum carbonate, a new phosphate binder, is effective in reducing serum phosphorus levels in patients with end-stage renal disease. A 1-year extension study to two randomized controlled studies was conducted to evaluate the long-term safety of lanthanum carbonate in patients who received hemodialysis.

Research design and methods: Patients from two previous lanthanum carbonate studies were eligible to continue treatment in a 1-year open-label extension. A total of 77 patients (N = 77; 11 from Study 1, 66 from Study 2) were enrolled in this extension. The mean age of patients was 60.9 years (SD ± 12.5 years); 65% were male and 35% were female. All patients received lanthanum carbonate at the optimal dose for phosphorus control, determined in their previous study. Safety and tolerability were assessed by monitoring adverse events, laboratory parameters, and vital signs. The number of patients who maintained serum phosphorus levels at ≤ 5.9?mg/dL (1.9?mmol/L) was recorded, along with serum calcium, calcium × phosphorus product, and parathyroid hormone levels.

Results: Lanthanum carbonate was well tolerated and was associated with few treatment-related adverse events. The most commonly reported adverse events were nausea (26.0%), peripheral edema (23.4%), and myalgia (20.8%). No treatment-related serious adverse events occurred. By Week 4, the mean serum phosphorus level had decreased by approximately 1?mg/dL to 5.7 ± 2.0?mg/dL (1.84 ± 0.7?mmol/L). At the end of the study, the mean pre-dialysis serum phosphorus level was 5.7 ± 1.4?mg/dL (1.84 ± 0.5?mmol/L); 53% of patients had controlled phosphorus levels. Calcium × phosphorus product decreased during Week 1 and remained within a clinically acceptable range thereafter. There were no clinically significant changes in serum calcium, or parathyroid hormone levels.

Conclusion: Lanthanum carbonate is well tolerated and is effective for the long-term maintenance of serum phosphorus control in patients with end-stage renal disease.     

醋酸钙联合碳酸镧治疗尿毒症血液透析高磷血症的疗效观察

目的探讨醋酸钙片联合碳酸镧咀嚼片治疗尿毒症血液透析患者高磷血症的临床疗效。方法选取2014年8月—2016年9月在青岛市市立医院进行尿毒症血液透析高磷血症患者134例,根据血磷水平随机分为醋酸钙组(43例)、碳酸镧组(45例)、醋酸钙和碳酸镧联合组(46例)。醋酸钙组口服醋酸钙片,2片/次,3次/d;碳酸镧组口服碳酸镧咀嚼片,2片/次,3次/d;联合组口服碳酸镧咀嚼片、醋酸钙片,2片/次,3次/d。3组患者均持续治疗12周。观察各组的临床疗效,比较各组的观察指标。结果碳酸镧组总有效率(75.5%)高于醋酸钙组(69.7%),但差异无统计学意义。联合组总有效率(94.5%)高于醋酸钙组、碳酸镧组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,各组血磷、血甲状旁腺素(PTH)均显著降低,碳酸镧组血钙、冠状动脉钙化积分(CACs)降低,醋酸钙组、联合组血钙、CACs升高,与同组治疗前比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,与醋酸钙组比较,碳酸镧组、联合组的血磷、血钙、血PTH、CACs均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与碳酸镧组比较,联合组的血磷、血PTH降低,血钙、CACs升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论碳酸镧和醋酸钙均能有效降低血磷,但碳酸镧对血钙的影响较小,并能明显延缓CACs的进展。碳酸镧联合醋酸钙控制血磷效果最好,但有增加CAC的进展的风险,有待于进一步研究。     

Pharmacokinetic studies of cefoxitin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Summary The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin was examined in 9 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure. Cefoxitin was administered intraperitoneally in the dialysate fluid every 6 h for 24 h, in two different concentrations, 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml.The plasma half-life of cefoxitin was 20.2 h. The major route of elimination was non-renal, with a clearance of 8.0 ml/min. Peritoneal clearance was 4.1 ml/min. As expected, renal clearance was negligible.The peak plasma concentrations of cefoxitin at the two dose levels used were 7 µg/ml and 15 µg/ml, respectively, when assayed by HPLC, and 12 µg/ml and 24 µg/ml when determined by a microbiological assay. The cefoxitin concentration in the dialysate decreased from 50 µg/ml to 14 µg/ml and from 100µg/ml to 37 µg/ml during the 6 h of its retention in the peritoneal cavity.     

Effect of lanthanum carbonate and calcium acetate in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients of chronic kidney disease

Objectives:

The tolerability and efficacy of lanthanum carbonate has not been studied in the Indian population. This study was, therefore, undertaken to compare the efficacy and tolerability of lanthanum carbonate with calcium acetate in patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease.

Design:

A randomized open label two group cross-over study.

Materials and Methods:

Following Institutional Ethics Committee approval and valid consent, patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease were randomized to receive either lanthanum carbonate 500mg thrice daily or calcium acetate 667 mg thrice daily for 4 weeks. After a 4-week washout period, the patients were crossed over for another 4 weeks. Serum phosphorous, serum calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum creatinine were estimated at fixed intervals.

Results:

Twenty-six patients were enrolled in the study. The mean serum phosphorous concentrations showed a declining trend with lanthanum carbonate (from pre-drug levels of 7.88 ± 1.52 mg/dL-7.14 ± 1.51 mg/dL) and calcium acetate (from pre-drug levels of 7.54 ± 1.39 mg/dL-6.51 ± 1.38 mg/dL). A statistically significant difference was seen when comparing the change in serum calcium produced by these drugs (P < 0.05). Serum calcium levels increased with calcium acetate (from pre-drug levels of 7.01 ± 1.07-7.46 ± 0.74 mg dL), while it decreased with lanthanum carbonate (from pre-drug levels 7.43 ± 0.77-7.14 ± 0.72 mg/dL). The incidence of adverse effects was greater with lanthanum carbonate.

Conclusion:

Lanthanum carbonate and calcium acetate are equally effective phosphate binders with trends obvious in the first 4 weeks of therapy. The decrease in serum calcium levels with lanthanum carbonate when compared to the increase in serum calcium levels due to calcium acetate is statistically significant. The drawback of lanthanum carbonate is its high cost and relatively higher incidence of adverse events during treatment.