福州市20岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学调查

目的 了解福州市20岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患病率及危险因素情况,为该病防治及开展前瞻性研究提供依据和基线资料.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法对福州市五区部分20岁以上常住居民5500名进行入户调查;随机抽取打鼾≥13级315名、打鼾2级100名被调查者,进行整夜多导睡眠呼吸监测,推算人群中OSAHS的患病率;并对OSAHS发生进行相关危险因素分析.结果 实际完成调查人数4595名,应答率83.55%,有效问卷4286份,有效率93.28%;习惯性打鼾606名(14.14%),以呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥5次/h加Epworth嗜睡量表评分≥9分为标准,推算人群中OSAHS患病率为4.78%;多元逐步回归分析发现年龄、吸烟量、打鼾家族史、颈围、腰围及上气道异常是OSAHS发生的危险因素.结论 鼾症、OSAHS发生率高,应根据其在福州市流行特点制定相应防治策略,降低OSAHS发生中可变危险因素的作用,使其患病率及危害降到最低.     

承德市区居民睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患病率入户调查

目的 了解承德市区30岁以上居民唾眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)的患病率，为该病的防治提供依据。方法 按照随机整群抽样法，对承德市双桥区部分30岁以上居民进行入户调查，对部分2级及2级以上打鼾进行整夜唾眠呼吸监测。结果 在调查的1168人中打鼾为53．76％，≥2级打鼾为28．25％。≥2级打鼾男性(39．27％)高于女性(17．65％)，统计学上差异有非常显性意义(P＝0．000)。随着年龄增加，打鼾率明显增加。≥2级打鼾在不同职业比较差异均有显性(P＝0．000)，司机组最高(42．00％)。≥2级打鼾中吸烟(41．23％)和饮酒(40．50％)均高于非吸烟(21．36％)和非饮酒(19．73％)。被调查中55．82％认为打鼾不是病，不需要治疗。按唾眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHU)≥5次/h为标准，OSAHS患病率为22．64％，按AHI≥5次/h加Epworth嗜唾量表(ESS)评分≥9分为标准判断，人群患病率为4．63％。结论 承德市30岁以上人群中SAHS患病率为4．63％，打鼾及SAHS是严重危害广大人民群众健康的疾病之一，但未引起人们重视．因此需要进一步搞好宣传教育工作。     

福州市区老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学调查

目的 了解福州市区老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患病率及危险因素情况. 方法采用随机整群抽样的方法对福州市5个市区≥60岁及常住居民904名进行入户调查;抽取打鼾≥3级115名及2级22名,进行整夜多导睡眠呼吸监测,推算人群OSAHS的患病率;并对OSAHS发生进行相关危险因素进行分析. 结果在904名老年人中,习惯性打鼾227名,鼾症发生率25.1%,以睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数≥5次/h加Epworth嗜睡量表评分≥9分为标准,推算老年人OSAHS患病率为10.3%;多元逐步回归分析发现,上气道异常、嗜睡、吸烟、肥胖、高龄、有打鼾家族史是OSAHS发生的危险因素. 结论福州市区老年人鼾症、OSAHS发生率高,应根据其流行特点制定相应防治策略,使其患病率及危害降到最低.     

重视阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征靶器官损害的防治研究

据报道我国香港地区阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患病率为4．10％；河北省承德市OSAHS患病率为4．63％；上海市OSAHS患病率为3．62％。据以上报道，如依照4％患病率估算，目前我国30岁以上人口中OSAHS患者至少有2000万人，实际患病人数肯定远不止这个数。     

肥胖与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征心血管并发症临床研究

正阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者睡眠时打鼾伴有呼吸暂停,夜间反复发生低氧血症、高碳酸血症和睡眠结构紊乱,导致心脑血管并发症乃至多器官损害。我国宁夏地区20岁以上常住居民OSAHS患病率为3.31%,上海市30岁以上人群OSAHS患病率为3.62%~([1-2])。肥胖与OSAHS的发病率具有很强的相关性~([3])。本研究比较肥胖组与非肥胖组间OSAHS患者常见心血管并发症的发     

上海市30岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学调查

目的 调查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(0SAHS)的人群患病率，为制定该病的防治策略提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样的方法对上海市卢湾区、徐汇区、杨浦区、浦东新区4区6个街道常住30岁以上居民9600人，进行问卷调查；根据打鼾程度，从中、重度组随机抽样150例，行整夜便携式多导睡眠检测仪监测，保守估计人群0SAHS的患病率。结果 实际调查人数8081人(应答率为84．18％)，其中有效问卷6826份(有效率为84．47％)。其中打鼾占57．11％，中、重度打鼾占23．73％。且随着年龄的增加，打鼾比例逐渐增加，70岁后呈下降趋势。男性高于女性，尤见于中、重度。吸烟和饮酒与打鼾程度相关。绝经和月经不规律打鼾的发生率及程度均较规律为高。不同程度打鼾患，日间的嗜唾评分有明显差异。按睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥5次h为标准，人群0SAHS的发生率为20．39％。结合日间Epworth嗜唾量表(ESS)评分≥9分为标准，保守估计人群0SAHS的患病率为3．62％。结论 我国大陆30岁以上人群0SAHS患病率保守估计为3．62％，是影响公众健康的重要问题之一，应当引起足够的重视。     

打鼾与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的关系研究

目的调查打鼾患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的患病率,探讨打鼾与夜间低氧的关系。方法采用流行病调查的方法对克拉玛依市天山社区1121例35岁以上常住居民进行人户睡眠问卷调查及夜间呼吸血氧监测。结果鼾症高危组与鼾症低危组在颈围、腹围、氧减指数、夜间最低氧饱和度、呼吸暂停指数等方面比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。鼾症组与非鼾症组在体重指数、颈围、腹围、氧减指数、夜间最低氧饱和度、呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。鼾症高危组与低危组间睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论打鼾与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征、夜间低氧相关,睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与鼾症分级有关,颈围和腹围是打鼾和睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的危险因素。     

对《阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊疗指南(草案)》的几点讨论

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（SAHS）是具有潜在危险的高发病率病症，可以涉及各年龄段人群。临床上以反复发作的严重打鼾、呼吸暂停、低通气、低氧血症和白天嗜睡为特征。成人SAHS包括阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）、中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征和睡眠低通气综合征。     

吸烟与打鼾及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征关系的调查研究

目的调查吸烟与打鼾及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的关系。方法于2010年3—5月采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法选择我市10个社区25岁以上常住居民进行入户调查,共调查3 624名,打鼾者1469名,从基线人群中随机选取打鼾2级且经多导睡眠图检查确诊为OSAHS的患者100例,根据其是否吸烟分为吸烟组(56例)和不吸烟组(44例)。采用问卷调查,内容包括人口学信息、吸烟行为、打鼾分级等。OSAHS患者采用美国ALICE3型多导睡眠仪进行整夜睡眠呼吸监测,记录两组患者呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)和SaO2。结果打鼾人群吸烟率为40.64%(597/1 406),高于非打鼾人群的33.17%(715/2 155)(P0.05);打鼾随着吸烟量的增加打鼾程度加重,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);OSAHS患者吸烟组AHI高于不吸烟组,平均SaO2低于不吸烟组(P0.05)。结论吸烟与打鼾及OSAHS的关系密切,吸烟量越大打鼾程度越严重。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的研究进展——阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的研究概述

睡眠呼吸障碍是与睡眠相关的呼吸道疾患,以睡眠中发生异常呼吸事件为特征,包括上气道阻力综合征、鼾症、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAHS）、中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征、睡眠低通气综合征及陈一施呼吸等,临床上以OSAHS最常见。OSAHS是以睡眠时反复呼吸暂停、间歇性低氧、睡眠结构紊乱和反复微觉醒为特征,伴或不伴低通气的临床综合征。近年来,随着对人群患病率的流行病学调查,该病患病率之高、并发症之严重越来越引起人们的关注。     

司机中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的患病率调查

目的 调查承德市司机OSAHS患病率. 方法 使用随机数字表法对2003年7-8月承德市进行车辆年检的汽车司机进行抽样问卷调查,对部分2级及2级以上打鼾者进行夜间多导睡眠监测仪监测.采用x2检验进行组间比较. 结果 在被调查的718名司机中,从不打鼾者占总数68.3%(490/718),有不同程度打鼾者占31.7%(228/718),其中≥2级打鼾者患病率为16.6%(119/718).随年龄增加,打鼾者的比例呈逐渐上升趋势.男性打鼾者占33.6%(217/646)高于女性15.3%(11/72).吸烟、饮酒、肥胖均增加打鼾患病率.在对鼾症的认知方面,其中43.2%(310/718)司机认为打鼾不是病;16.7%(120/718)认为打鼾是病但不需要治疗;40.1%(228/718)认为打鼾是病且需要治疗;仅1例进行治疗.按呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)35次/h为标准,司机OSAHS的息病率为12.3%(28/228).若结合日间Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分≥9分为标准,司机中OSAHS的患病率为4.1%(9/228). 结论 司机鼾症的患病率为31.7%,OSAHS的患病率为4.1%.     

高血压专科就诊患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的检出率调查

目的调查高血压人群的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的发生情况和在性别,年龄中的分布情况以及比较不同民族高血压患者中OSAHS的发生。方法 2009-04-01-06-30以高血压为主诉就诊于新疆自治区人民医院高血压专科的高血压患者3391例,经病史询问存在睡眠时打鼾、白天嗜睡,伴或不伴体格检查颈部粗短、下颌短小、舌肥大、无法解释的口舌发绀的疑似OSAHS患者279例,行多导睡眠监测,估算高血压人群的OSAHS的患病率,并分析OSAHS发生的相关危险因素。结果高血压患者中OSAHS的检出率为6.7%(228/3391),而多导睡眠监测的阳性率为81.7%(228/279),其中男性的OSAHS检出率为10.4%,明显高于女性的3.0%(P<0.01);男性OSAHS患者的平均年龄低于女性[(46.6±9.8)比(53.1±9.5)岁,P<0.01]。>30～60岁年龄段的OSAHS检出率最高(8.9%);老年患者重度OSAHS比例高于中青年患者(67.9%比37.5%,P<0.01)。汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族、回族和其他民族的OSAHS检出率分别为7.6%(174/2287)、4.7%(37/780)、4.2%(7/145)、4.2%(6/144)和11.4%(4/35),组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.297,P=0.023)。结论高血压专科就诊的中老年、男性高血压患者中OSAHS检出率较高,不同民族的OASHA检出率不同。     

A case-control study of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in obese and nonobese chinese children

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in adults. However, the prevalence of OSAHS in children is not clear, and the relationship between obesity and OSAHS remains controversial. METHODS: Obese children were recruited from the endocrinology, respiratory, and ear, nose, and throat clinics. Weight-matched, age-matched, and sex-matched children were recruited as control subjects. Standard questionnaires were administered, and a standardized physical examination was carried out. Lateral neck roentgenography, sleep polysomnography, full blood count, and arterial blood gas analysis were also performed. Children with body mass index z-scores of > 1.96 were considered to be obese. An adenoidal/nasopharygeal ratio of > 0.67 was considered to constitute adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH). OSAHS was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score of > 5 or obstructive apnea index (OAI) score of > 1. RESULTS: Ninety-nine obese children and 99 control subjects were recruited into the study. Obese patients had significantly higher AHI and OAI scores, and lower sleep efficiency and minimum arterial oxygen saturation (MinSao(2)) than control subjects. The prevalence of OSAHS was significantly higher in obese children with or without the ATH groups than their nonobese counterparts (odds ratio, 1.9 vs 108, respectively; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 4.7 vs 6.2 to 191, respectively). Obesity, tonsillar hypertrophy, and adenoid hypertrophy were independent risk factors for OSAHS (p < 0.001, p = 0.042, and p = 0.004, respectively). There was a positive correlation between the degree of obesity and AHI (r = 0.535; p < 0.001), and an inverse correlation between obesity and MinSao(2) (r = -0.507; p < 0.001). End-tidal CO(2), Paco(2), and bicarbonate levels were within the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is a risk factor for OSAHS, and the degree of obesity is positively correlated with the severity of OSAHS.     

Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing and sleep apnea in middle-aged urban Indian men

No data are available on the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in Indians. We conducted a two-phase cross-sectional prevalence study for the same in healthy urban Indian males (35-65 years) coming to our hospital in Bombay for a routine health check. We also investigated its risk factors and evaluated the significance of the most commonly asked questions that best correlated with the presence of OSAHS. In the first phase, 658 subjects (94%) returned completed questionnaires regarding their sleep habits and associated medical conditions. In the second phase, 250 of these underwent an overnight home sleep study. The estimated prevalence of SDB (apnea-hypopnea index of 5 or more) was 19.5%, and that of OSAHS (SDB with daytime hypersomnolence) was 7.5%. Multiple stepwise logistic regression determined body mass index, neck girth, and history of diabetes mellitus as the principal covariates of SDB. The presence of snoring, nocturnal choking, unrefreshing sleep, recurrent awakening from sleep, daytime hypersomnolence, and daytime fatigue was each statistically significant for identifying patients with OSAHS. The higher prevalence of OSAHS in urban Indian men is striking and may have major public health implications in a developing country.     

Prevalence of signs and symptoms suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Guangxi,China

Background

The prevalence, profiles, and potential risk factors of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in China are largely unknown.

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the prevalence, profiles, and potential risk factors for snoring and OSAHS in Guangxi, China, and the association between OSAHS and ethnicity.

Methods

Urban and rural population-based cluster samples were randomly selected in each of eight counties/cities. All residents aged 14 years or older in the selected clusters were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. A subject was considered to have clinically diagnosed OSAHS if snoring was loud and habitual, breathing pauses were observed, and the subject experienced excessive daytime sleepiness.

Results

Among 12,742 sampled subjects, 10,819 completed the questionnaire (response rate?=?84.9 %). The overall OSAHS prevalence was 4.1 % (men, 5.7 % (5.1–6.3 %); women, 2.4 % (2.0–2.9 %); Zhuang people, 3.2 % (2.8–3.7 %); Han people 6.0 % (5.2–6.8 %).The overall rate of habitual snoring was 11.5 % (men, 17.1 % (16.1–18.1 %); women, 5.6 % (5.0–6.2 %)). Univariate analysis showed that the OSAHS prevalence was significantly higher among the following groups: urban residents, elderly individuals, smokers, drinkers, those with higher body mass indexes (BMI), those with more years of schooling, those with nasal problems, those whose parents are Han, and those who usually sleep in prone position. However, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that only urban residency, age, smoking status, drinking status, and BMI were the risk factors for OSAHS.

Conclusions

OSAHS is prevalent in individuals aged 14 years or older in Guangxi, China. Han and Zhuang people differ significantly in their obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence, but this difference is explained by the combination of classic OSA risk factors.     

Demographic characteristics of 3,659 Japanese patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome diagnosed by full polysomnography: associations with apnea–hypopnea index

Information on obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in Japan has been limited. The purposes of this clinical study were to evaluate the demographic characteristics of Japanese OSAHS patients and to assess how demographic factors are associated with OSAHS severity. We analyzed 3,659 OSAHS patients who underwent polysomnographic evaluation between January 2000 and December 2004 at 11 hospitals in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Data consisted of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and demographic characteristics, including sex, age, and body-mass index, for statistical analysis. Levels of obesity were classified according to the WHO criteria. The male-to-female patient ratio for OSAHS was 4.6, and male patients presented more severe OSAHS than female patients. High AHI and a high proportion of moderate to serious OSAHS (AHI > or = 15) were found among the patients in their 30s, as well as female patients in their 70s and male patients in their 80s. The AHI and the proportion of moderate-to-serious OSAHS (AHI > or = 15) were greater in patients classified as underweight than in normal weight patients. In conclusion, there is a higher male predominance in the prevalence of OSAHS, and in both sexes, the results suggest different pathophysiological mechanisms of deteriorating OSAHS between adults under age 55 and adults 55 years or over. In addition, underweight patients exhibit more severe OSAHS than normal weight patients.