Acute schistosomiasis among Americans rafting the Omo River, Ethiopia

An outbreak of acute schistosomiasis occurred among a group of adventurers who took part in a rafting expedition on the Omo River in Ethiopia in November 1981. Six (55%) of the 11 members of the expedition experienced Schistosoma mansoni infection confirmed by stool examination. Five of these six had symptoms compatible with acute schistosomiasis. Eosinophilia was the most frequent sign of infection (five of six), and fever, the most common symptom (four of six). Despite medical evaluations, illnesses had remained undiagnosed until January 1982. This outbreak should alert physicians to the risk of schistosomiasis among travelers to this part of Africa and the difficulty of correct diagnosis early in the course of the disease.     

Intestinal parasites among young children in the interior of Guyana

Intestinal parasites contribute greatly to morbidity in developing countries. While there have been several studies of the problem in the Caribbean, including the implementation of control programmes, this has not been done for Guyana. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among young children in a town located in the interior of Guyana. Eighty-five children under the age of 12 years were studied prospectively for intestinal parasites in Mahdia, Guyana. Stool samples were transported in formalin to the Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica, for analysis using the formalin-ether concentration and Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Data on age and gender of the children were recorded on field data sheets. At least one intestinal parasite was detected in 43.5% (37/85) of the children studied and multiple parasitic infections were recorded in 21.2% (18/85). The most common intestinal helminth parasite was hookworm (28.2%; 24/85), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (18.8%; 16/85) and then Trichuris trichuria (14.1%; 12/85). Among the protozoan infections Giardia lamblia was detected in 10.5% (9/85) of the study population while Entamoeba histolytica appeared rarely. All stool samples were negative for Cryptosporidium and other intestinal Coccidia. There was no predilection for gender with any of the parasites. The pattern of distribution of worms in this area of Guyana was unlike that seen in other studies. Hookworm infection was the most common among the children and a large proportion had multiple infections. The study established the occurrence and prevalence of a number of intestinal parasites in the population of Guyana. This sets the stage for the design and implementation of more detailed epidemiological studies.     

EXCEL在村级血吸虫病查病资料中的应用

在村级血吸虫病查病资料的收集整理过程中,利用EXCEL的mid函数和自动筛选等功能,可以方便快捷地录入村民人口基本数据,并将纸质表中的数据快速录入到电子表中加以整理,工作效率大为提高.     

吉林省某乡村部分居民面部蠕形螨感染调查

目的:调查乡村居民蠕形螨感染情况。方法:采用透明胶带粘贴法,对受检者鼻部和额部进行检查。结果:蠕形螨感染率为45.0%,男女间及不同皮肤类型人之间感染率均无显著差异(P>0.05),而年龄、共用毛巾以及洗脸次数均影响蠕形螨感染率(P<0.05),且皮肤病患者蠕形螨检出率明显高于正常人群。结论:乡村居民蠕形螨感染率较高,同时,蠕形螨的感染与年龄及皮肤病有一定关系。蠕形螨感染存在家庭聚集趋向。     

SOS儿童村儿童自我意识与人格特征的研究

目的 探讨SOS儿童村儿童的自我意识及其人格特征.方法 采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)、艾森克人格问卷儿童版(EPQ)及自制一般情况调查表分别评定61名SOS儿童村儿童(SOS组)及性别和年龄相匹配的单亲家庭(单亲组)和完整家庭(完整组)儿童各61名.结果 SOS组男童的行为、躯体外貌与属性、幸福与满足及自我意识总分低于完整组男童[(10.69±2.74)分,(12.57±2.36)分,P=0.013;(6.51±2.63)分,(8.29±2.75)分,P=0.011;(6.54±1.93)分,(7.97±1.60)分,P=0.004;(48.09±10.88)分,(55.86±10.11)分,P=0.007)],3组女童自我意识因子分及总分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).SOS组女童的E分低于完整组女童(P=0.004).儿童自我意识状况与其人格特征、学习环境、家庭结构、家长学习期望、学习成绩、要好朋友数及亲子日常交流相关(-0.566相似文献   

Breakage and slippage of condoms among users in north Gondar Province, Ethiopia

This prospective study determined the frequency of condom breakage and slippage among male condom users and analyzed certain factors affecting condom breakage in north Gondar Province, Ethiopia. A total of 170 literate male condom users were instructed how to use a condom properly, and were requested to use one condom for each vaginal intercourse. Each participant was supplied with 9-12 Pabric condoms. Condom breakage was measured in terms of the number of condoms that broke while opening the package, while putting on the condom, during intercourse, or upon withdrawal. Meanwhile, condom slippage was measured in terms of the number of condoms that slipped off the penis during intercourse or withdrawal. Of the 170 participants, only data collected from 143 subjects were analyzed. Findings revealed that 26.6% of the participants experienced condom breakage. The total condom breakage rate was 4.6% and the slippage rate was 0.1%, half of which occurred at the tip. A high condom breakage rate was observed in less educated users (P 0.05). It was also found that breakage rate and experience in condom use were negatively correlated (r = 0.214, P 0.05). It is concluded that a user's knowledge and experience reduce condom breakage.     

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Pupils in Rural North Eastern, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: The study determined the prevalence of intestinal parasitism among pupils in rural schools (Almajiris) in Konduga local Government Area of Borno state. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 257 stool specimens were collected at random among pupils (Almajiris) in rural quranic schools; the stools were processed and examined both macroscopically and microscopically by concentration techniques. RESULTS: The prevalence of intestinal parasitism among the Almajiris was 80.9%. The highest prevalence rate was 97.8% while the least prevalence was 67.4%. The 6-8 years age group had the highest prevalence of 85.7% while the least prevalence of 77.7% in the 13-16years age bracket. Ascaris lumbricoides had the highest prevalence of (19.1%) while Trichuris trichiura had the least prevalence of (3.5%). Thirteen pupils in the 5-8 years had multiple parasites; multiple parasitism also occurred in 22 pupils aged 9-12 years and in 11 pupils aged 13-16 years. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence rate of intestinal parasites with attendant risk of intestinal obstruction among the Almajiris in rural north eastern Nigeria.     

马尔康市少数民族地区村医健康素养调查

目的 通过调查马尔康市少数民族村医健康素养现状，为促进少数民族地区健康教育提供科学依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法，2018年10月16日至11月1日以参加2018年四川省深度贫困县"一村一医"合格村医培训工程的村医76名作为调查对象，以《健康66条——中国公民健康素养读本》为基础，自编问卷开展调查。问卷包括健康基本知识和理念、健康生活方式和行为、健康基本技能3个维度。分析不同人口学特征村医三个评价纬度差异及各项问题知晓情况。结果 马尔康市少数民族村医达到健康素养水平基本要求的比例为0.0%；达到基本技能素养水平基本要求的比例为9.0%，达到基本知识和理念素养水平基本要求的比例为6.6%、达到健康生活方式和行为素养水平基本要求的比例为0.0%；不同年龄、不同学历的少数民族村医在健康素养总得分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；少数民族村医健康素养总得分与文化程度呈正相关（r=0.430，P<0.05）；不同人口学特征的少数民族村医在健康生活方式和行为得分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 马尔康市少数民族村医健康素养水平总体较低，应加强针对少数民族村医的健康教育工作。     

Impact of iron supplementation on schistosomiasis control in Zambian school children in a highly endemic area

Aim

To study impact of once weekly iron supplementation on praziquantel cure rate, Schistosoma haematobium reinfection, and haematological parameters in pupils aged between 9 and 15 years of age in Nchelenge district, Zambia.

Methods

Pupils in the intervention group received once weekly dose of ferrous sulphate at 200mg while those in the control received once weekly vitamin C at 100mg for up to 9 months. Both study groups received a single dose of praziquantel at baseline.

Results

S haematobium reinfection intensity was significantly lower in boys in the intervention group than in boys in the control group at 6 months (P<0.001) and 9 months (P<0.001) of supplementation. Significantly lower S haematobium reinfection intensity was found in girls in the intervention group than in girls in the control group only at 6 months of supplementation (P=0.018). Boys in the intervention group were 42% (Adjusted Risk Ratio =0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.39, 0.86) less likely to be reinfected with S haematobium than in the control group at 6 months follow up.

Conclusion

Once weekly iron supplementation can decrease S haematobium reinfection after 6 months and should be incorporated into school based schistosomiasis control programs in highly endemic areas.

Clinical trials.gov identifier

{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT 00276224","term_id":"NCT00276224"}}NCT 00276224, sponsored by DBL-Institute for Health Research and Development, Denmark.