围绝经期妇女饮食习惯与围绝经期综合征关系的研究

目的: 了解广东地区围绝经期妇女饮食习惯与围绝经期综合征发生的关系。方法: 采用分层整群抽样法对4 489名 40~65岁妇女进行围绝经期综合征与饮食习惯调查。结果: 文化程度高者和专业技术人员牛奶及豆制品的摄入量所占比例较大; 经常喝牛奶及经常吃豆制品者其围绝经期综合征较不喝牛奶及不吃豆制品者发生率低; 嗜好饮茶者占 37. 3%, 其围绝经期综合征、关节疼痛发生率低于不饮茶者。结论: 围绝经期综合征除药物治疗外, 改变饮食习惯, 增加牛奶及豆制品的摄入,可降低或减轻围绝经期综合征的发生。     

社区围绝经期妇女更年期症状影响因素分析

围绝经期是指妇女从40岁左右开始至停经后12个月内的时期。围绝经期女性由于激素水平的变化及事业、家庭、工作等压力的影响,很容易出现抑郁症。研究表明,>50%的更年期女性均有不同程度的更年期躯体症状^〔1〕。为探讨导致更年期妇女身心症状的影响因素,于2008年12月-2009年9月对全国17省1 101名45~57岁妇女进行调查,为预防和治疗干预提供科学依据。     

泰安市妇女膳食结构与围绝经期综合征关系

目的 探讨围绝经期妇女膳食结构、绝经综合征发生率及相关因素.方法 抽取就诊于山东省泰安市3家医院妇科门诊、年龄40～ 60岁、有子宫及一侧或双侧卵巢、有月经改变或有绝经期综合征表现的862名妇女为调查对象,采用自制调查表进行调查,使用改良Kupperman评分标准进行绝经症状评分,与《中国居民膳食指南(2007)》(以下简称《指南》)的标准相比较.结果 月经情况:初潮年龄为(14.8±1.9)岁,绝经年龄为(49.2±4.8)岁;799人出现了≥1种绝经症状,占92.69％;Kupperman症状评分与绝经综合征症状得分直线相关分析结果均有相关性(P＜0.05);围绝经期妇女膳食结构与《指南》相应项目比较,均不符合中国居民平衡膳食宝塔建议的推荐值.结论 围绝经期妇女膳食结构不够合理,围绝经期综合征的发生与饮食习惯可能有关.     

虹桥社区妇女围绝经期症状分析

目的分析虹桥社区妇女围绝经期症状的现况,为开展社区围绝经期保健知识健康教育提供理论依据。方法以40~60岁上海市户籍妇女为目标人群,采用整群抽样的方法,选取2016年4月1-30日上海市长宁区虹桥街道社区卫生服务中心下属的5个家庭医生工作室辖区内203名妇女为调查对象,采用问卷形式调查妇女的基本信息、月经状态及围绝经期相关症状。结果回收有效问卷196份,有效回收率为96.55%。196名调查对象中有70.92%的妇女存在不同程度的围绝经期症状。在7种常见症状中,患病率最高的前3位依次为潮热出汗(33.33%)、睡眠障碍(30.16%)和关节疼痛(25.40%)。不同月经状态妇女潮热出汗和关节疼痛的患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同文化程度妇女睡眠障碍的患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论虹桥社区妇女围绝经期症状患病率较高,需加强预防保健、及早干预。并积极开展健康教育活动,以改善围绝经期保健水平,提高围绝经期妇女生活质量。     

罗定市妇女围绝经期症状与保健需求调查分析

目的调查了解罗定市妇女围绝经期症状和保健需求,提出合理的围绝经期保健措施,提高妇女的健康水平和生活质量。方法采用统一调查问卷和分层整群随机抽样方法,选取罗定市560例40~65岁妇女进行问卷调查。结果在560例妇女中,出现围绝经期症状有374例,发生率为66.8%,发生的主要症状有失眠,烦躁,性欲下降,头晕,容易疲劳或乏力,肌肉、骨关节疼痛等。出现围绝经期症状而就医者仅有30.6%,在未就医者当中有1/3妇女采取了自我保健的方式;有2/3妇女认为没有必要采取治疗措施。结论罗定市妇女围绝经期症状发生率与全国平均水平(2/3)相近。因此,建议我市妇女保健工作要加强围绝经期保健知识教育,普及、加强自我保健,对严重影响妇女健康的围绝经期症状采取规范的性激素治疗,以提高围绝经期妇女的生活质量。     

北京市月坛社区妇女更年期相关症状调查

目的了解北京市月坛社区妇女主要更年期症状。方法 2013年9~12月,选取在月坛社区卫生服务中心自愿参加宫颈癌、乳腺癌筛查的妇女为研究对象,应用自行设计的调查问卷调查其一般状况,应用Greene评分表调查更年期相关症状的发生情况。结果被调查妇女更年期症状发生率为71.7%,发生率最高的前5位症状分别是感到疲倦或精力不足(37.3%),肌肉或关节酸痛(37.2%),失眠(34.4%),潮热(29.6%),对性缺乏兴趣(29.5%)。存在中重度症状者占1.1%~11.4%。不同年龄组间躯体症状和泌尿生殖道症状存在差异,56~岁组及51~岁组较高;不同年龄组间中重度泌尿生殖道症状存在差异,56~岁组及60~64岁组较高。结论城市社区40~64岁妇女更年期症状发生率较高,中重度症状的比例不高。更年期综合征在人群中存在普遍性和趋于轻症的特点,适合在社区开展干预。     

上海金山石化地区围绝经期妇女更年期症状的调查分析

由于围绝经期和绝经后妇女人数之多．并且人数还将以每年大于3％的速度增加，因而绝经相关症状和疾病的预防及治疗已成为当今全球医学和社会经济的重要问题。     

妇女围绝经期雌激素的变化与症状

围绝经期（perimenopausal period）是指从卵巢功能开始衰退直至绝经后1年内的时期[1]。围绝经期雌激素水平并非逐渐下降,在绝经过渡早期,FSH水平升高,导致雌二醇分泌过多;在卵泡完全停止生长发育后,雌激素水平迅速下降。雌激素水平降低,可出现月经紊乱、血管舒缩障碍和神经精神等症状,表现为潮热、出汗、激动易怒、抑郁或烦躁、失眠等。上述一系列症状的治疗,主要采用激素补充治疗,并鼓励锻炼身体和健康饮食,建立健康生活方式。     

妇女围绝经期症状及保健需求调查

目的:了解上海妇女围绝经期症状发生情况、对围绝经期的认识及围绝经期的保健需求,以指导干预。方法:以社区为基础进行抽样,采用入户面访的方式进行问卷调查。结果:平均绝经年龄(49.96±3.13)岁,围绝经期症状发生率为62.37%。50~和55~岁年龄组症状发生率分别为61.99%和62.85%。9.5%的人认为有必要进行定期的妇科检查,只有32.52%的人近两年做过妇科检查,对各种妇女保健知识需求选择“是”的均在70%以上,有52.13%的人希望医生来居委会提供服务。结论:妇女围绝经期症状发生比例较高,保健意识还有待提高,对社区的围绝经期卫生保健服务及有关知识需求较高。     

Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Menopausal Symptoms in Healthy Women: A Randomized,Placebo-Controlled,Double-Blind,Parallel-Group Trial

A reduction in estrogen levels in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods causes various symptoms in women, such as hot flushes, sweats, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Chlorogenic acids (CGAs), which are phenolic compounds widely present in plants such as coffee beans, have various physiological functions. However, the effects of CGAs on menopausal symptoms are unknown. To examine the effects of CGAs on menopausal symptoms, especially hot flushes, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial was conducted in healthy women. Eighty-two subjects were randomized and assigned to receive CGAs (270 mg) tablets or the placebo for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of intake, the number of hot flushes, the severity of hot flushes during sleep, and the severity of daytime sweats decreased significantly in the CGA group compared to the placebo group. The modified Kupperman index for menopausal symptoms decreased significantly after 2 weeks in the CGA group compared to the placebo group. Adverse effects caused by CGAs were not observed. The results show that continuous intake of CGAs resulted in improvements in menopausal symptoms, especially hot flushes, in healthy women.     

农村留守居民抑郁和生存质量现状及关系

目的了解农村留守居民抑郁症状,并探讨其与生存质量的关系,为提高农村留守居民的整体健康水平提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,使用中文版流调用抑郁量表(CES-D)和与健康相关的生存质量(SF-36)量表,对514名沈阳市农村留守居民的抑郁症状和生存质量进行调查,采用多元线性回归分析评价抑郁及其它变量和生存质量间的关系。结果沈阳市农村留守居民抑郁症状总发生率为21.8%,其中男性发生率为19.3%,女性发生率为22.8%;生存质量中的8个维度分值均与抑郁评分呈负相关,且在除了总体健康外的7个维度中拥有最高的标准化回归系数(范围是-0.28~-0.49)。结论沈阳市农村留守居民抑郁症状发生率较高,抑郁是农村留守居民生命质量下降的一个重要影响因素。提高生存质量要优先考虑对抑郁症状的评估和解决。     

A Population-Based Assessment of the Relationship Between Menopausal and Depressive Symptoms in Portuguese Women

Empirical research on the relationship between menopause and depression has found contradictory results. Some authors suggest that depression is related to menopausal symptoms and not to menopausal status per se. Our aim is to study the relationship between menopausal status and depressive symptoms in a sample (n = 728) of middle-aged Portuguese women, taking into account the presence of menopausal symptoms. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). There is a relatively high significant correlation between depressive and menopausal symptomatology (rs = .47). The increase of depressive symptomatology in perimenopause is still significant, even when adjusting for the presence of menopausal symptomatology.     

Temporal Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Cognition in Mid and Late Life: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

ObjectivesTo examine the bidirectional temporal relationship between depressive symptoms and cognition in relation to risk, reaction, and prodrome.DesignCross-lag analysis of longitudinal data collected online at baseline and 12-month follow-up.Setting and ParticipantsA United Kingdom population cohort of 11,855 participants aged 50 years and over.MeasuresPatient Health Questionnaire-9 (depressive symptoms), cognitive measures: Paired Associate Learning, Verbal Reasoning, Spatial Working Memory, and Digit Span.ResultsDepressive symptoms predicted a decline in paired associates learning [β = −.020, P = .013, (95% confidence interval [CI], ‒.036, −.004)] and verbal reasoning [β = −.014, P = .016, (95% CI ‒.025, −.003)] but not vice versa. Depressive symptoms predicted [β = −.043, P < .001, (95% CI ‒.060, −.026); β = −.029, P < .001, (95% CI ‒.043, −.015)] and were predicted by [β = −.030, P = < .001, (95% CI ‒.047, −.014); β = −.025, P = .003, (95% CI ‒.041, −.009)], a decline in spatial working memory and verbal digit span, respectively.Conclusions and ImplicationsDepressive symptoms may be either a risk factor or prodrome for cognitive decline. In addition, a decline in attention predicts depressive symptoms. Clinical implications and implications for further research are discussed.     

医生职业紧张、工作倦怠、抑郁症状关系的研究

目的探讨医生的职业紧张、工作倦怠对抑郁症状的影响,改善医生身心健康,降低抑郁症状的发生,提高医疗服务质量。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2010年10-11月随机抽取辽宁省具有代表性的三个大、中、小城市的6所综合医院工作六个月以上的373名医生进行自填式问卷调查。问卷包括付出-回报失衡问卷(ERI),工作倦怠问卷(MBI-GS),流行病调查用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)。应用多元分层回归分析探讨医生职业紧张、工作倦怠对抑郁症状的影响,验证工作倦怠在职业紧张对抑郁症状影响中的中介作用。结果外在付出、内在投入、情绪衰竭和消极怠慢与抑郁症状呈显著正相关,回报、个人成就感与抑郁症状呈显著负相关。外在付出和回报对抑郁症状的解释变异量为15.5%,加入工作倦怠后,解释变异量为43.7%。结论医生职业紧张、工作倦怠与抑郁症状密切相关,工作倦怠在职业紧张对抑郁症状影响中起中介作用。     

2007年河北省部分地区城乡居民总膳食研究

目的了解河北省唐山市、廊坊市文安县、承德市双塔区城乡居民膳食质量和居民膳食营养状况,为相关部门制定政策提供科学依据。方法应用总膳食研究的方法对河北省部分城乡居民的膳食组成及15种营养素(碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、胆固醇、维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、尼克酸、维生素C、钙、铁、锌、硒、钠)进行回顾性评价分析。结果食物消费总量及蔬菜、豆类消费城乡大致相当,谷类、饮水、调味品摄入量农村高于城市,其他各种食物消费量均是城市高于农村,城乡代表性膳食组成仍以粮谷类和蔬菜等植物性为主;城乡动物性食品单调,以猪肉为代表的肉类消费分别占城乡居民动物性食物消费总量的82.5%和47.1%;城乡居民的平均豆类、乳类、饮水摄入量显著低于中国居民膳食指南推荐摄入量(RNI),酒类、油脂、盐摄入量明显超过RNI,农村居民豆类、肉类、水产类摄入量严重不足;城乡居民平均热能的摄入量分别达RNI的94.8%、88.7%和90.7%,蛋白质分别达到RNI的109.3%、72%和84.5%;维生素C、铁、钠摄入量充足,但也存在城乡居民平均维生素A、核黄素、硫胺素、钙、锌、硒摄入不足及城市居民脂肪摄入过量,农村居民蛋白质摄入不足和质量较差的问题。结论河北省部分地区调查点城乡居民膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入不平衡,有计划地开展人群膳食营养指导十分必要。     

绝经后妇女股骨颈骨折与膳食蛋白质摄入量关系的研究

[目的]探讨绝经后妇女发生股骨颈骨折与膳食蛋白质摄入量的关系,以便采取相应的防治措施.[方法]采用12配比的病例对照研究方法,于1998年9月至1999年9月在天津医院骨科病房选取初发的股骨颈骨折的绝经后妇女30名,平均年龄为66.0岁,同时按12配比原则,从老年妇女健康体检中选取60名没有骨折的绝经后妇女作为对照组,平均年龄65.6岁,配比条件是年龄、民族、绝经年限和居住地.调查并比较两组近1年内膳食中蛋白质、热能与钙的摄入量.[结果]骨折组蛋白质的摄入量明显高于对照组,钙的摄入量则低于对照组(P＜0.05),并且两组的骨密度(BMD)、体质指数(BMI)的差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05),骨折组均低于对照组.[结论]绝经后妇女发生股骨颈骨折与膳食蛋白质的摄入量有关,提示应适量摄取蛋白质,当蛋白质摄入增加时,须适量提高钙的摄入量.     

Pregnant Women Living with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Dietary Quality and Pregnancy Outcomes

Good maternal nutrition is key to optimal maternal and foetal health. A poor-quality diet is often associated with obesity, and the prevalence and severity of maternal obesity has increased significantly in recent years. This study observed dietary intakes in pregnant women living with obesity and assessed the quality of their diet. In total, 140 women with a singleton pregnancy, aged > 18 years and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m², were recruited from antenatal clinics, weighed and completed food diaries at 16-, 28- and 36-weeks’ gestation. Clinical data were recorded directly from the women’s medical records. Nutrient intake was determined using ‘Microdiet^TM’, then compared to Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). Energy intakes were comparable with DRVs, but intakes of sugar and saturated fatty acids were significantly higher. Intake of fibre and several key micronutrients (Iron, Iodine, Folate and Vitamin D) were significantly low. Several adverse obstetric outcomes were higher than the general obstetric population. Women with obesity, often considered ‘over nourished’, may have diets deficient in essential micronutrients, often associated with poor obstetric outcomes. To address the intergenerational transmission of poor health via poor diets warrants a multi-disciplinary approach focusing away from ‘dieting’ onto positive messages, emphasising key nutrients required for good maternal and foetal health.