HIV‐associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: from bedside to the future

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life‐threatening complication of HIV infection. The prevalence of HIV‐associated PAH (HIV‐PAH) seems not to be changed over time, regardless of the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In comparison with the incidence of idiopathic PAH in the general population (1–2 per million), HIV‐infected patients have a 2500‐fold increased risk of developing PAH. HIV‐PAH treatment is similar to that for all PAH conditions and includes lifestyle changes, general treatments and specific treatments.     

Dysfunctional Attitudes, Coping, and Depression Among HIV-Seropositive Men Who Have Sex with Men

Several studies have documented elevated levels of psychological distress among HIV-seropositive (HIV+) symptomatic men who have sex with men (MSM). However, very little is known about the role of dysfunctional attitudes and coping strategies in maintaining and ameliorating distress levels in ways that can inform those developing psychosocial interventions for HIV+ persons. This study evaluated relations between dysfunctional attitudes and depression and examined the role of coping as a mediator of this relationship among 115 HIV+ symptomatic MSM. Higher Dysfunctional Attitude Scale scores were associated with more reported depressive symptoms. The use of adaptive coping strategies such as active coping was associated with lower depression, whereas use of maladaptive strategies such as denial was related to higher levels of depression. Both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies mediated the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and depression. Findings suggest that interventions aiming at reducing psychological distress in this population using cognitive restructuring and related techniques may achieve their effects by enhancing adaptive coping strategies on the one hand and reducing maladaptive strategies on the other.     

Suicidality in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Systematic Review of the Literature

This systematic literature review addresses risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempts in young men who have sex with men (YMSM). The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, PsychArticles, and PsychInfo yielded 14 articles. Risk factors included (1) not being enrolled in school, (2) earlier sexual debut, (3) substance use/abuse, (4) homelessness, (5) bullying and victimization, (6) fear of community violence, (7) and parental abuse. Protective factors included (1) positive sexual minority LGBT stereotypes, (2) family acceptance, (3) school and peer support, (4) high self-esteem, and (5) adaptive coping mechanisms.     

成都男男性行为人群中艾滋病患者合并其他传染病的调查分析

目的总结成都市某男男性行为人群(MSM)中人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者合并其他传染病的情况,为科学防治艾滋病提供依据。方法 2010年1月-12月,采用网络、现场、活动场所收发调查问卷,用Excel统计结果数据。结果共调查104例艾滋病患者,合并肝炎感染者11例(10.58%),其中乙肝病毒感染者8例(7.69%),丙肝病毒感染者3例(2.88%);合并性传播疾病感染61例(58.65%),其中梅毒感染26例(25%),尖锐湿疣感染者17例(16.35%),生殖器疱疹感染者10例(9.62%),淋病感染者2例(1.92%),沙眼衣原体感染者4例(3.85%),生殖道支原体感染者2例(1.92%);合并真菌感染者87例(62.14%),其中耶氏肺孢子菌感染者6例(5.77%),马尔尼菲青霉菌感染者2例(占1.92%),隐球菌感染者5例(4.81%),组织胞浆菌1例(0.96%);合并结核感染者23例(22.12%)及非结核分枝杆菌3例(2.88%);病毒感染14例(13.46%),全部为水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染;寄生虫感染(弓形虫)1例(0.96%)。结论在MSM人群中HIV患者性传播疾病感染比例高;真菌感染率高;结核感染率高;HCV感染和弓形虫感染率低。     

男男性接触梅毒感染患者50例的调查分析及护理对策

目的了解男男性接触(men who have sex with men,MSM)梅毒感染患者的病史资料,分析其性行为特征和相关危险因素,为该人群的性病/艾滋病护理干预提供依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷对2008年3月至2009年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院性病专病门诊诊断为梅毒并承认有MSM行为的50例患者进行问卷调查,结合近2年来的门诊随访资料进行整理分析。结果 50例MSM梅毒感染患者的平均年龄为(27.54±6.62)岁,80%为高中及以上文化程度,90%有固定职业,94%月收入为1 000元以上;性取向:自我认同同性恋29例(58%),双性恋21例(42%);最近3个月发生同性肛交行为47例(94%),最近3个月同性肛交频数≥3次31例(62%),肛交时从不使用安全套8例(17.0%),每次都使用安全套13例(27.7%);肛交同时伴口交43例(91.5%);最近3个月与女性发生性行为者12例(24%),其中从不使用安全套8例(66.7%);曾经通过MSM行为卖淫15例(30%)。50例患者均接受正规驱梅治疗,有随访记录的37例(74%),其中接受3个月后随访35例(50%)、6个月后随访20例(40%)、9个月后随访7例(14%)、1年后随访5例(10%)。结论 MSM梅毒感染患者普遍存在多性伴、临时偶遇性伴,肛交和口交时安全套使用频率低,并且存在双性恋、通知性伴意愿差、随访率低等情况,是HIV防控的重点人群。护理干预重点在于尊重患者,实施健康教育,提高其STD/AIDS感染的风险意识,避免不安全性行为的发生。     

Rosai Dorfman disease diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology in a young man with HIV infection

RDD (Rosai Dorfman disease) is a rare and benign histiocytic proliferative disorder of unknown etiology. FNAC (Fine‐needle aspiration cytology) is a useful and reliable tool for the diagnosis of RDD, and as such, biopsy is avoidable.     

Pneumococcal Vaccination in Europe: Schedule Adherence

Nonadherence to recommended pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules may have implications for protection against pneumococcal disease. In this commentary, we have assessed adherence to the recommended dosing schedules (the completion of the primary PCV and booster series) in different European countries. We found that adherence with the PCV schedule was lower than that for diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) and that higher adherence was observed in countries where PCV vaccination is recommended and funded. Adherence with the booster dose is often lower than that with the primary series completion, and it is often given after the recommended age. These data highlight the need to encourage timely vaccination of children with PCV, in line with local immunization schedules. There is no single solution to improve adherence; actions need to be tailored to the context of individual countries through initiatives at the national, regional, and local levels and should target different stakeholders.     

Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with bendamustine in an HIV‐infected patient on antiretroviral therapy: a case report and review of the literature

Few reports have described the coincidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and HIV. We administered bendamustine to an HIV‐positive refractory CLL patient and obtained a significant objective response. Our results indicate that bendamustine can be used in HIV‐infected CLL patients. We also reviewed 12 cases of CLL with HIV infection.