脾脏占位病变的CT和MRI表现

目的 分析脾脏占位病变（SSOL）的CT和MRI表现,提高对本病的认识和影像诊断水平。资料与方法 回顾性分析2013年4月—2020年12月遵义医科大学附属医院经病理证实的42例SSOL的CT和MRI表现,包括病灶大小、形态、密度/信号、强化方式等。其中33例行CT检查,8例行CT及MRI检查,1例行MRI检查。结果 42例SSOL中,非肿瘤性病变15例（囊肿6例、结核6例、戈谢病2例、隐球菌病1例）,良性肿瘤18例（脉管瘤13例、窦岸细胞血管瘤3例、硬化性血管瘤样结节转换2例）;恶性肿瘤（淋巴瘤）9例。囊肿CT表现多呈单发无强化囊性病灶。结核CT和MRI表现多样。戈谢病CT表现为多发低密度结节,中度强化。隐球菌病CT表现为脾脏增大并增强扫描多发结节、肿块。脉管瘤CT表现为单发或多发囊性病灶,强化方式多样;MRI表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号结节,强化与CT相似。窦岸细胞瘤CT表现为低密度结节,轻度渐进性强化或明显强化;MRI表现为T1WI、T2WI等信号结节,扩散加权成像呈高信号。硬化性血管瘤样结节转换CT表现为单发低密度结节,不均匀强化;MRI表现为T1WI等、稍低信号,T2...     

脑结核瘤的磁共振成像

目的 分析颅内结核的磁共振表现。材料与方法 对12例脑结核瘤MRI表现及Gd-DTPA强化的特点进行回顾性分析。T1WI和T2WI信号强度与正常脑灰质进行比较。结果 3例粟粒样脑结核瘤呈脑内散在的多发等或略长T1、长T2信号,结节样均匀强化或伴有少量小环状强化。9例31个成熟结核瘤由环壁和坏死的核心两部分组成,环壁呈等T1、短T2信号（5个病灶）和等或略长T1、等或略长T2信号（26个病灶）,单环或花簇状环状强化;14个未成熟结核瘤呈结节样等或略长T1、长T2信号,均匀强化。成熟结核瘤的核心部分因组织病理学的差异可有多种信号。颅内结核瘤以1个主灶伴多个小灶为其主要表现形式（77.8%,7/9）。结论 T1WI呈等或略高信号,T2WI呈轻度不均匀等或略低信号,不均匀单环或花簇环状强化是结核的主要MRI表现。而病灶的多发性符合脑结核系血行播散所致的发病机理,对确立诊断有非常重要的价值。     

肝结核的CT与MRI表现

目的 探讨肝结核的CT、MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的12例肝结核的CT和MRI表现。结果 （1）12例 CT表现：肝浆膜型1例,为肝包膜下多发结节性病灶。肝实质型10例,其中多发粟粒小结节状低密度灶伴点状钙化2例,单发略低密度大结了伴斑点状钙化及聚集多个结节样病灶形成“成簇征”或融合成窝状改变各3例,多发囊样病变及发粟粒状钙化伴单发大结节低密度灶各1例。肝内胆管型1例,肝内胆管明显扩张及肝门部多发斑点状钙化灶。（2）4例MRI表现：T1WI、T2WI低信号灶1例,T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号灶3例,增强后为轻度边缘强化或呈多环状强化。结论 各种类型肝结核均有其特定的影像学表现,典型的CT、MRI表现可提示该病的诊断。     

脑结核瘤的MRI诊断价值研究

目的：研究MRI对脑结核瘤的影像学诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析18例经临床治疗或手术确诊脑结核瘤病人的MRI表现。采用1．5T超导型MRI机，行常规T1WIT2WI FLAIR序列扫描并Gd—DTPA增强检查。结果：本组18例中单发病灶2例，多发16例。其中粟粒性脑结核瘤2例（未计数），共发现病灶96个，分布干幕上60个，幕下30个，脑干6个。T1WI上呈等或略高信号，T2WI上呈等或略低信号，增强后呈明显结节状强化或环形强化是脑结核瘤较具特征性的MRI表现，中心部分T2WI低信号对诊断更有价值。结论：脑结核瘤的MRI表现具有特征性，对于临床正确诊断及治疗有较高价值。     

颅内结核瘤的CT及MRI诊断

目的：通过总结36例脑结核瘤的CT与表现，分析并讨论了颅内结核瘤影像学表现及其鉴别诊断，以便于帮助影像医师提高脑结核瘤诊断准确率。方法：本文共收集颅内结核瘤36例，男12例，女24例，检查采用PHILIPS公司生产的Aura全身螺旋CT机及安科公司Open Mark2000核磁共振机。结果：病变位于顶叶及顶枕交界区16例，颞叶13例，小脑及脑干5例，垂体2例，1例病灶伴出血，10例病灶周围伴点状钙化，其中多发8例，单发28例。颅内共有52个病灶，本组中结核瘤位于幕上38个，幕下12个，垂体2个。CT平扫呈等或低密度病灶，部分可见略高密度及钙化影，病灶周围可有明显低密度水肿带，可呈现占位效应，增强扫描后呈环状或结节样强化。MRI上T1WI呈稍低或等信号(32例)，T2WI为高或等信号(30例)，增强后病灶呈均匀结节样或花环状强化，其中19例中心可见液化坏死区，T2WI表现为病灶中心为高信号，外围可见低信号环。结论：颅内结核瘤影像学有一定的特异性表现，较好的应用影像学手段并有效的结合临床，可以提高术前确诊率，为临床提供正确诊断并使病人得到早期治疗。     

脑多发性结核瘤的MRI诊断

目的：分析脑内多发性结核瘤的MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析11例经手术、病理或临床随访证实为脑多发性结核瘤的MRI表现。MRI采用T1flair、FrfseT2WI、T2flair及Gd-DTPA增强T1WI检查。结果：病灶绝大多数位于灰白质交界区及基底节区,未成熟结核结节呈长T1长T2信号,灶周水肿明显,结节状强化;成熟结核结节呈典型“环靶征”,灶周水肿较轻,环形强化。T2flair和增强扫描病灶显示较佳。结论：脑多发性结核瘤是颅内结核的一种特殊表现,MRI表现具有特征性。     

颅内原发淋巴瘤的MRI诊断和鉴别诊断

目的 分析颅内原发淋巴瘤的MRI表现，提高诊断及鉴别诊断的能力。方法对6例经病理证实的颅内原发淋巴瘤的常规MRI资料回顾性分析其病灶大小、分布、信号特点及强化特征。结果MRI显示4例为单发，2例为多发，共9个病灶，其中位于大脑半球深部4个，灰白质交界区5个，累及胼胝体2个。影像学形态多为类圆形团块或结节，边界较清晰，占位效应及瘤周水肿较轻。T2WI呈等或略低信号，T2WI为等或略高信号。增强后病灶呈团块状或结节状显著强化。结论颅内原发淋巴瘤MRI信号及强化形式具有一定特征，将影像学征象与临床资料相结合综合分析有助于提高诊断准确率。     

多层螺旋CT及MRI对肝脏结核性肉芽肿的诊断价值

目的：探讨MSCT及MRI对肝脏结核性肉芽肿的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析7例经手术或穿刺病理证实的肝脏结核性肉芽肿的影像表现。其中男5例,女2例,均行上腹部MSCT和MRI平扫及动态增强扫描,MRI扫描序列包括FSPGR T1WI、FRFSE T2WIF、SPGR T1WI动态增强和DWI（b=500 s/mm2）扫描。结果：7例中表现为肝实质内单发结节6例,多个粟粒结节聚集成簇状1例。5例CT平扫呈稍低密度,2例呈等密度,3例病灶内有点状或粉末状钙化。MRI平扫4例呈T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号,3例病灶T2WI上表现为中心低信号、周边高信号。DWI示病灶呈稍高信号,ADC值平均为（1.379±0.297）×10-3mm2/s,相对ADC为1.263±0.148。增强扫描示4例动脉期轻度不均匀强化,门静脉期及延迟期强化程度逐渐增加,其中3例病灶周围肝组织出现一过性晕状强化;3例动脉期未见明显强化,门静脉期及延迟期示病灶边缘轻度环状强化。结论：MSCT及MRI对肝脏结核性肉芽肿具有较高诊断价值,在一定程度上能反映病变所处的病理时期。     

节细胞神经瘤的CT、MRI诊断

目的 探讨CT和MRI在诊断节细胞神经瘤中的价值.方法 回顾性分析19例经病理证实的节细胞神经瘤患者的CT和MRI影像学表现及临床资料,其中15例行CT增强扫描,4例行MRI扫描(3例增强).结果 所有病灶均为单发.1例位于颈部,7例位于后纵隔,3例位于腹膜后间隙,8例位于肾上腺.边界均清楚,形态多呈椭圆形或不规则形.CT平扫呈均匀或不均匀低密度,动脉期无明显强化,静脉期呈渐进性不均匀强化.4例病灶内见斑点状、结节状钙化.MRI表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI不均匀高信号为主,增强后不强化或轻度强化.2例病灶内呈现"漩涡征".结论 节细胞神经瘤的生长方式及影像学表现具有一定的特征性,CT延迟增强及MRI扫描对其诊断和鉴别诊断有很大的价值.     

颅内多发性胶质瘤的CT与MRI特征

目的 分析颅内多发性胶质瘤（MCG）CT与MBI特征,探讨其在诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值。资料与方法 搜集经手术病理证实的MCG15例,其中CT检查4例,MRI检查7例,CT＋MRI检查4例。对其临床及CT、MRI资料进行回顾性分析。结果 15例共检出病灶34个,病灶主要分布于额叶、颞叶、顶叶。CT平扫病灶大多呈低密度或等密度,MR T1WI大多表现为低或等信号（96．1％）,T2WI均表现为高信号（100％）;瘤周多为轻度或中度水肿及占位效应;增强扫描病灶大多表现为明显不均匀或花环样强化。结论 MCG具有一定的CT与MRI特征,具有一定的诊断意义,但其在影像学诊断上仍需与转移瘤、多发性硬化、多发性淋巴瘤鉴别。     

脑结核瘤的MRI诊断及其临床价值

目的：研究磁共振成像(MRI)对脑结核瘤的影像学诊断及其临床价值。方法：回顾性分析了12例经手术、病理或抗结核治疗随访证实为脑结核瘤病人的MRI及其临床资料。采用0．3T低场永磁型设备，行常规SET1WI、FSET2WI，其中11例行钆喷替酸葡甲胺(Gd-DTPA)增强扫描。10例行CT检查，其中6例行CT增强扫描。结果：本组12例共发现病灶32个，单发7例，多发5例，其中1例合并粟粒性结核瘤。将脑结核瘤的MRI表现不同分为2种类型。T1WI呈等或略高信号、T2WI呈等或略低信号，明显结节样强化或不均匀环状强化是脑结核瘤较具特征性的MRI表现，环内核心部分呈T2WI低信号对诊断更有价值。针对脑结核瘤的不同类型采取抗结核药物或手术切除等不同的治疗方法。结论：脑结核瘤有较特征性的删表现，并可指导临床采取不同的治疗方法。     

脑内结核瘤Gd-DTPA增强MRI表现特点

目的总结和分析脑内结核瘤在Gd-DTPA增强MRI上的表现特点. 资料与方法对24例脑内结核瘤患者进行平扫和Gd-DTPA增强扫描,比较和分析平扫及增强扫描MRI上的表现特点,包括病灶检出数目、分布情况、病灶的形态、信号特点等.结果结核瘤在Gd-DTPA增强扫描自旋回波T1WI上强化明显,呈结节样或环形强化,有多个病灶聚合成团的特点;病变与周边组织分界清楚.结论脑内结核瘤在增强MRI上有一定的特征性表现,Gd-DTPA增强MR检查较平扫更敏感,能早期发现脑内结核瘤.     

脊髓结核瘤的MR I表现分析并文献复习

目的：分析脊髓结核瘤的 MRI表现并文献复习。方法回顾性分析5例经临床和影像证实的脊髓结核瘤患者 MRI表现,所有患者MRI检查包括T1 WI、T2 WI平扫和T1 WI增强扫描,观察病变的部位、信号特点、强化方式和形态。结果1例病变位于颈段脊髓,为稍长T1、短T2信号,呈结节样强化;3例病变位于下胸段脊髓,横断位T2 WI表现为典型的“靶征”,增强后呈环状强化,矢状位其长轴与脊髓长轴一致,其中1例增强后发现合并1个平扫不能显示的粟粒强化结节;1例病变位于脊髓圆锥,为长 T1、短T2信号,增强后呈环状强化。结论脊髓结核瘤 MRI表现具有多样性,其特征性表现包括 T2 WI 低信号或“靶征”、环状强化、病变长轴与脊髓长轴一致。     

Intracranial tuberculoma: CT and MRI

The appearances of intracranial tuberculoma on CT and MRI are described. Eight patients (6 males and 2 females) with intracranial tuberculomas studied over the past 4 years are presented. Four patients had AIDS and among the four non-AIDS patients 1 had undergone hepatic transplantation. All the cases were studied with CT and 6 underwent MRI. Five lesions were infratentorial, and 2 patients had double lesions. In 2 patients obstructive triventricular hydrocephalus was present. No patient had meningeal involvement. The stage of evolution was cerebritis in 1 case, incipient tuberculoma in 3 cases, mature tuberculoma in 1 case and tuberculous abscess in 5 cases. Diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma was determined histologically in 5 patients and by good response to specific therapy in the remaining patients. Although CT allows differentiation between incipient and mature tuberculoma, MRI allows a better determination of the evolutonary stage. In most cases combined CT and MRI examinations provide an accurate diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma.Correspondence to: N. Bargallo     

Intracranial tuberculoma: MR imaging

Summary MR studies of 6 patients with intracranial tuberculoma are reviewed. All patients also underwent CT scans which showed hypo- or isodense lesions with abnormal enhancement following contrast administration. MR showed lesions with prolongation of the T1 relaxation time in every case. On the T2-weighted sequences, the signal properties of the tuberculoma varied according to the stage of evolution of the lesion. Incipient tuberculomas appeared as scattered areas of hypointensity surrounded by edema. Mature tuberculomas were composed of a dark necrotic center surrounded by an isointense capsule which was, in turn, surrounded by edema. In one patient, the center of the lesion was hyperintense probably because of liquefaction and pus formation (tuberculous abscess). While both, CT and MR, were equally sensitive in visualizing the intracranial tuberculoma in every patient, MR was slightly superior in demonstrating the extent of the lesion, especially for brainstem tuberculomas. Nevertheless, the potential role for MR diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma is limited by the fact that other infectious or neoplasic diseases may present similar findings. The diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma should rest on a proper integration of data from clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and neuroimaging studies.Presented at the 23th Latinoamerican Congress of Neurosurgery, Acapulco, Mexico, 13–19 November 1988     

脑实质多发结核瘤的MRI诊断

目的：分析脑实质多发结核瘤的MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析7例经脑脊液、结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(PPD)实验及胸水等检查、胸片及抗结核治疗随访确诊的脑实质多发结核瘤的MRI表现，全部病例均行SET1WI、FSE T2WI、Gd-DTPA增强T1WI检查，其中3例采用了FLAIR序列。结果：病灶绝大部分位于灰白质交界区和基底节区，直径多在5～15mm。未成熟结核结节呈长T1、长T2信号，灶周水肿明显，结节性强化。成熟结核结节呈典型的“靶征”，由中心到外周分别为低信号靶心-高信号环-低信号环，灶周水肿较轻，结节状或环形强化。颅内其它结核感染征象有助于诊断。在各扫描序列中T2WI和增强扫描对病灶的显示较佳。结论：脑实质多发结核瘤是颅内结核的一种特殊表现，MRI的特征是多发病灶，并具靶征及环状强化。     

肝结核瘤的MRI征象

目的 分析肝结核瘤的MRI表现，探讨MRI在鉴别诊断中的价值。资料与方法 10例肝结核瘤患者行MR自旋回波序列T1WI、T2WI和快速多层面干扰梯度回波序列动态增强扫描。结果 10例共12个病灶，MRI表现：（1）自旋回波序列：T1WT上所有病灶为低信号，T2WI上10个病灶为不均匀低信号（8个病灶为中心低信号而边缘为环形或片状的高信号，2个为低信号中见到点状高信号），另2个病灶为高信号。（2）增强扫描：动脉期10个病灶无强化,2个病灶边缘有轻度强化。门脉期和延迟期所有病灶均有不同方式的强化，主要为边缘强化和分隔强化。结论 MRI可反映肝结核瘤的病理改变过程，在诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要价值。     

MRI findings of intracranial tuberculomas

PURPOSE: Tuberculosis involvement of the central nervous system continues to represent a serious problem, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to characterize the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of intracranial tuberculoma, a form of neurotuberculosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 27 patients with intracranial tuberculomas. These consisted of 17 women and 10 men with a mean age of 26 years (14-51). MRI was performed on all patients. RESULTS: A total of 64 tuberculomas were found in these patients, of which 41 were distributed in the cerebral hemispheres, 17 in the cerebellar hemispheres, and 6 in the brainstem. Accompanied meningitis was detected in three patients, hydrocephalus in five patients, and hydrocephalus with meningitis in one patient. CONCLUSION: MRI makes a significant contribution to diagnosis of intracranial tuberculomas and can objectively determine accompanying abnormalities.     

Role of magnetic resonance (MR) in the diagnosis and management of intracranial tuberculomas

Thirty-one patients with intracranial tuberculomas were diagnosed on the basis of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The diagnosis was confirmed in 30; one case was a false-positive. A total of 44 tuberculomas was found in these patients of which 41 were distributed in the cerebral hemispheres, two in the brainstem and one in the cerebellum. No correlation was found between the type of lesion seen on CT and those seen on MR imaging. CT was negative in one patient with a low brainstem tuberculoma. The final diagnosis was based on the response to antituberculous drug treatment as judged by serial MR imaging in 29 patients and by biopsy in one; and one was false-positive. Thirty-nine tuberculomas, all under 2.5 cm in size, showed complete resolution after 5-8 months of treatment. The remaining five lesions were larger than 2.5 cm; four showed a 50% reduction in size after 12 months of treatment and one was completely excised. Three types of response are described to the treatment with anti-tuberculous drugs. The diagnosis of intracranial tuberculomas can be made more objectively with MR imaging.