术前淋巴显像在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的作用

目的探讨术前淋巴显像在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB）中的作用。方法回顾性分析了716例联合术前淋巴显像与术中1探测仪和蓝染料检测乳腺癌SLNB的结果。结果全组SLNB成功率98．2％（703／716），验证组SLNB的假阴性率16．0％（15／94）。淋巴显像共成功地确定出620例患者（86．6％）的前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node，SLN），并在36例患者（5．0％）中发现了腋窝以外的前哨淋巴结。淋巴显像确定SLN的失败率与原发肿瘤的部位、肿瘤的病理类型和注射同位素到显像的时间无显著相关性（均P〉0．05）。注射示踪剂前已进行肿瘤切除活检的患者，其淋巴显像成功率低于未行肿瘤切除活检者；淋巴结转移患者淋巴显像的成功率低于淋巴结阴性患者。术中确定SLN的成功率在术前淋巴显像成功组和失败组之间存在显著的统计学差异（99．5％ vs 91．0％，P〈0．01）。术前淋巴显像是否成功确定SLN与SLNB的假阴性率无显著相关性（P=0．731）。结论乳腺癌SLN术前淋巴显像可以预测术中SLNB的成功率，同时术前淋巴显像有助于确定腋窝以外的SLN，但术前淋巴显像并非乳腺癌SLNB所必需。     

淋巴显像在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用

目的：评价淋巴显像在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的价值。方法：采用肿瘤周围或皮下注射^99mTc标记的硫胶体的方法,先行术前淋巴显像,术中γ探测仪引导下行前哨淋巴结活检,分析影响其检出率的相关因素。结果：95例患者中,有88例（92．6％）在术前的淋巴显像中显示淋巴引流,其中39例（44．3％）患者有腋窝淋巴结以外的淋巴外流。术中在γ探测仪引导下成功发现前哨淋巴结的有91例（95．8％）。术前淋巴显像是清楚与前哨淋巴结检出率显著相关（P＝0．025）。结论：淋巴显像能发现腋窝以外的前哨淋巴结,联合使用淋巴显像与γ探测仪行前哨淋巴结活检的方法是可行的,值得在临床上推广使用。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的研究体会

乳腺癌手术在历史上是肿瘤外科最具代表性的治疗 ,其手术方式 ,由经典根治手术到改良根治手术以及各种保留乳房的术式 ,体现了肿瘤外科思想观念的转变与方法的探索。最终目的为 :最大限度地追求良好的治疗效果 ,最大限度地降低复发率和并发症。近年来 ,关于前哨淋巴结活检技术的研究 ,正是这一探索的继续和延伸。作者曾在本刊 2 0 0 0年第 5期上发表了他们对 30例早期乳腺癌进行前哨淋巴结活检研究的报告 ,阳性检出率 96 .7% ;与腋窝淋巴结解剖的符合比较 ,准确性 93.3% ,灵敏度 88.9%。目前 ,此研究在国内尚属起步阶段 ,必将陆续出现更多的探索成果。这项研究的关键在 :前哨淋巴结是否能完全地、准确地反映腋窝淋巴结的状态 ,同时 ,如何才能安全地以其指导腋窝淋巴结解剖的选择。对此 ,尚需积累大量的临床资料 ,进行深入探索 ,以资佐证。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床研究

目的　探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检 (SLNB)的临床应用价值 ,分析影响检出率的相关因素。方法　在乳腺肿瘤表面或活检部位周围皮下组织注射99mTc标记的硫胶体 ,采用核素淋巴显像和γ计数器探测仪检测识别前哨淋巴结 (SLN ) ,先行SLNB ,随后行乳腺癌改良根治术。结果　 5 0例患者中SLN检出率为 96.0 % ;敏感度为 88.2 % ;准确性为 95 .8% ;假阴性为11.8% ;假阳性为 0。患者年龄 <5 0岁、原发肿瘤位于乳腺外上象限、术前穿刺活检确诊与SLN检出有关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;是否绝经、肿瘤大小、病理类型、雌激素受体 (ER)、孕激素受体 (PR)与SLN检出无关 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　SLNB具有安全可靠、敏感度和准确性较高等特点 ,可以正确反映大多数乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结 (ALN )有无转移     

核素淋巴显像识别前哨淋巴结在乳腺癌治疗中的应用

目的评价核素淋巴显像和γ探针定位在乳腺癌中确定前哨淋巴结(SLN)的应用价值,验证前哨淋巴结活检替代腋窝淋巴结清除术用于乳腺癌治疗的安全性与价值。方法选择1999年6月至2009年11月本院住院的女性乳腺癌患者206例(体检时腋窝均未扪及肿块),应用99Tcm-DX37～74 MBq或99Tcm-SC74 MBq经皮下注射,行核素淋巴显像后,术中注射专利兰1 ml和(或)术中用γ探针定位并行前哨淋巴结活检,与术中冰冻病理检查结果对照。若术中冰冻发现有前哨淋巴结转移,则行腋窝淋巴结清除术,若前哨淋巴结阴性,则不做腋窝淋巴结清除,术后定期随访。结果 206例乳腺癌术中成功活检SLN204例,成功率为99.0%(204/206)。本组有64例仅行SLN切除,术后病理检查证实64例SLN均阴性,故未行腋窝淋巴结清除,其中仅1例于术后1年时出现腋窝淋巴结转移,其余63例患者在随访期间均未发现腋窝淋巴结转移,也未出现同侧上肢水肿、感觉及活动异常;另140例行腋窝淋巴结清除,其中6例经病理证实SLN阳性但腋窝淋巴结为阴性,134例经病理证实SLN阳性35例,阴性99例,腋窝淋巴结阳性37例,阴性97例。核素淋巴显像和γ探针定位法的灵敏度为94.6%(35/37例),准确率为98.5%(138/140),假阴性为5.4%(2/37)。结论核素淋巴显像和γ探针定位应用于乳腺癌是切实可行和可能的,对预测腋窝淋巴结转移有很大的临床实用价值。如技术方法规范,早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检则能取代常规的腋窝淋巴结清除术,乳腺癌手术上肢并发症的发生率可大大降低。     

前哨淋巴结活检术检测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的效果评价

区域淋巴结是否转移是影响乳腺癌患者预后的独立因素。临床已证实,对于腋窝淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者,行常规腋窝淋巴结清除术(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)无任何治疗意义,而且可引起许多并发症。乳腺癌前哨淋巴结     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床探讨

目的:评估乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(Senital lymph node biopsy SLNB)对预测腋窝淋巴结转移状态的价值及其临床意义.方法:临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期原发女性乳腺癌41例,体检无腋淋巴结肿大或虽有肿大而估计非转移性.术中在原发肿瘤周围注射亚甲蓝示踪定位,行SLNB和腋淋巴结清扫(Axillary lymph node dissection ALND).术后对全部前哨淋巴结(SLN)和腋淋巴结(ALN)行常规病理检查.结果:41例中检出SLN者32例,检出率为78.0%.其中N0组25例准确度为96.0%:阳性预测符合率100%;假阴性0例,阴性预测符合率100%.N1组7例准确度仅57.1%,假阴性2例,阴性预测符合率0.结论:应用亚甲蓝示踪定位SLNB,能准确预测(T1、T2)N0M0乳腺癌患者的转移状态,宜于推广应用.     

99mTc-硫胶体术前淋巴显像在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用*

目的:探讨用99mTc- 硫胶体（99mTc-Sulfur colloid ,SC）术前淋巴显像在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy ,SLNB）中的临床应用。方法:选择2009年7 月到2010年1 月本院收治的70例乳腺癌患者,于乳腺肿块周围3 点、6 点和12点位置各注射99mTc-Sc37MBq 后15min、30min、1h、2h 行前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node ,SLN ）显像,术中用γ 探针探测“热点”淋巴结分析术前淋巴显像与术中探测检测乳腺癌SLNB的结果。结果:术前99mTc-Sc 淋巴显像成功确定60例患者（85.71%）的前哨淋巴结,5 例患者（7.15%）发现腋窝以外的前哨淋巴结。淋巴显像确定SLN 的成功率与原发肿瘤病理类型、临床分期、肿瘤部位等因素无显著性相关（均P>0.05）;与注射同位素到显像的时间有显著相关性（均P<0.05）。 术中确定SLN 的成功率在术前淋巴显像成功组与失败组之间有统计学差异（P<0.05）。 结论:乳腺癌SLN 术前淋巴显像在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中具有一定临床价值,99mTc-Sc对乳腺癌前哨淋巴结检测具有较高的检出率和导向性,能较好的指导手术方案的制定,值得临床推广。      

核素示踪乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的准确性与可行性

目的:探讨核素示踪乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检的准确性和可行性。方法:1999年4月-2001年10月期间,应用原发肿瘤周围皮下注射放射性核素示踪技术(99mTC-标记硫化锑胶体或99mTC-标记硫胶体),对79例早期乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结活检(SLND),随后,行包括腋窝淋巴结清扫(ALND)在内的根治性手术。分析评估两种核素淋巴示踪和SLND的准确性及其影响因素。结果:75例行术前淋巴闪烁照相,淋巴结显像67例(89.33%,67/75);术中应用γ探测仪成功证实SLNs 68例,成功率为86.08%(68/79),SLN预测腋窝淋巴结状态的准确性为95.59%(65/68),假阴性率为3/36(8.33%);前28例患者有9例不能证实SLN,3例假阴性;而后51例只有2例不能证实SLN,没有假阴性。两者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:本研究结果表明,99mTC-标记硫胶体作为示踪剂,手术当天(术前4-6小时)乳腺肿瘤上方皮下注药进行SLND,可以准确预测早期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结状态。     

术前淋巴结显像在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用价值

[目的]探讨术前淋巴显像在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用价值。[方法]回顾性分析2010年7月至2013年8月在河南省肿瘤医院行前哨淋巴结活检术的乳腺癌患者1041例,其中483例患者术前行淋巴结显像,558例患者未行淋巴显像而术中直接行前哨淋巴结活检术。[结果]在淋巴显像组中,84.3％（407／483）的患者显像成功,该组SLNB的成功率为98．9％（478／483）。而在未行淋巴显像组中SLNB的成功率为98．7％（551／558）。两组SLNB检出成功率差异无统计学意义（P=0．78）。即使术前淋巴显像失败,其SLNB的检出成功率仍达到98．7％。[结论]术前淋巴显像并不能提高SLNB的成功率。因此,临床工作中行前哨淋巴结活检前,淋巴显像不是必备条件。     

Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node biopsy in papillary thyroid cancer. A pilot study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lymphadenectomy for papillary thyroid cancer is a matter of debate. After showing its usefulness as a prognostic factor in both melanoma and breast cancer, the concept of sentinel lymph node biopsy was also recently applied to differentiated thyroid cancer. To date, all attempts to locate and remove the sentinel node were based on the intraoperative injection of a vital dye. The feasibility and the technical details of using preoperative lymphoscintigraphy coupled with intraoperative vital dye and gamma probe scanning were investigated and discussed. METHODS: Six patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer were submitted to preoperative lymphoscintigraphy with (99m)Tc-labelled colloidal albumin at different dosages. The operation consisted in a total thyroidectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy guided by intraoperative injection of a vital dye (Blu Patent V, 2.5%) and scanning with a hand-held gamma probe. Lymph node dissection was completed in the area in which the sentinel node was located. RESULTS: The sentinel node was identified using all the three methods in all cases (100%). Considering one of the methods alone, identification rates were 66, 50, and 83% for preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, vital dye, and probe scanning, respectively. One sentinel node was identified in four cases and two in the other two cases. The optimal dosage of the tracer appeared to be at 22 MBq. CONCLUSIONS: These results underline the necessity to use the combination of nuclear medicine imaging and lymphatic vital dye in order to enhance the identification rate of sentinel node also in thyroid cancer. It is now necessary to check the diagnostic accuracy of this procedure through a controlled trial involving a more extended lymph node dissection in the neck.     

Preoperative dynamic lymphoscintigraphy predicts sentinel lymph node metastasis in patients with early breast cancer

Background

Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is commonly used in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for patients with early breast cancer; however, its significance to predict SLN metastasis remains to be determined.

Patients and methods

Sixty patients were enrolled in a feasibility study of SLNB. Patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer were eligible for this study. Dynamic lymphoscintigraphy was performed before SLNB. All patients underwent SLNB followed by axillary lymph node dissection.

Results

A dual mapping procedure using isotope and dye injections was performed. SLNs were identified in 59 of 60 patients (98.3%), with a node-positive rate of 41.7% and a false-negative rate of 1.7%. No SLN was identified in 4 of 60 patients (6.7%) on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. Interestingly, abnormal accumulation of the radiotracer close to hot spots was observed in 29 of 56 patients (51.8%). Lymph node metastases were detected in 18 of 29 patients (62.0%) with this pattern and 5 of 27 patients (18.5%) without this pattern (P < 0.05). Micrometastases were more frequently detected in node-positive patients without this pattern than in those with this pattern (80 vs. 16.7%). Diagnostic parameters of this pattern to predict SLN metastases, including micrometastases, were 62.1% for sensitivity, 81.5% for specificity, and 71.4% for accuracy.

Conclusions

Abnormal accumulation of the radiotracer close to radioactive spots may indicate SLN metastasis. When dynamic lymphoscintigraphy shows this pattern, surgeons should consider the presence of SLN metastasis and carefully remove additional lymph nodes surrounding radioactive lymph nodes so as not to leave metastatic SLNs behind.     

前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌病人中的应用

目的 探讨前哨淋巴结（sentined lymph node,SLN）定位和活检（SLNB）及其对预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结（axillary lymph node,ALN）转移的准确性。方法 对本院自2004年6月至2006年6月收治的56例乳腺癌病人进行回顾,56例病人临床分期均为TmNoMo,术中在肿瘤周围或活检腔的正常乳腺组织皮下注射美蓝,进行SLN定位和活检。结果 SLNB的检出成功率为91．07％（51／56）,准确性为92．16％（47／51）,灵敏度为94．12％（32／34）,假阴性率为5．88％（2／34）,特异性为89．47％（17／19）。结论 用美蓝作SLN定位进行SLNB能准确预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结（ALN）转移状态。     

乳腺癌哨兵淋巴结检测

乳腺癌哨兵淋巴结(SLN)活检技术旨在提高生活质量,降低并发症及手术对患者损伤,并有望替代腋窝淋巴结清扫术.现综述有关乳腺癌哨兵淋巴结活检研究进展.     

前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌治疗中的应用价值

目的　探讨前哨淋巴结活检 (sentinel lymph node biopsy,SL NB)在乳腺癌治疗中的可行性及准确性。方法　术前在乳腺肿瘤周围部位皮下注射放射性胶体 99m Tc- DX,同时运用核素淋巴显像和γ计数器探测仪探测两种检测方法 ,识别放射性同位素浓聚的前哨淋巴结 (sentinel lym ph node,SL N) ,将 SL N和其余淋巴结分别行病理组织学检查 ,分析影响 SL N检出率的相关因素。结果　 5 0例患者进行 SL N识别定位 ,发现 SL N 4 8例 ,检出率为96 .0 % ;敏感度为 88.2 % ;准确性为 95 .8% ;假阴性为 11.8% ;假阳性为 0。患者年龄 <5 0岁 ,原发肿瘤位于乳腺外上象限 ,术前穿刺活检确诊与 SL N检出有关 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;组织学因素与 SL N检出无关 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　 SL N可以准确反映大多数乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结 (axillary lym ph node,AL N)的转移情况 ,有可能取代常规的腋窝淋巴结解剖 (axillary lymph node dissection,AL ND)。     

Role of routine preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer

Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is rapidly emerging as the preferred technique for nodal staging in breast cancer. When radioactive colloid is used, a preoperative lymphoscintiscan is obtained to ease sentinel lymph node (SN) identification. This study evaluates whether preoperative lymphoscintigraphy adds diagnostic accuracy to offset the additional time and cost required. 823 breast cancer patients underwent SNB based on lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative gamma probe detection, and blue dye mapping using 99 mTc-nanocolloid and Patent Blue V injected peritumourally. The SNB was followed by standard axillary treatment at the same operation. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was performed around 3 h after the radioisotope injection. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy revealed SNs in 593 (72%) of the 823 patients imaged. SN visualisation on lymphoscintigraphy was less successful in large tumours and tumours involving the upper outer quadrant of the breast (P=0.046, P<0.001, respectively). Lymphoscintigraphy showed internal mammary sentinel nodes in 9% (62/707) patients. The SN was identified intraoperatively in 98% (581) patients who had SN visualised on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, with a false-negative rate of 7%. In patients who did not have SN visualised on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, the SN was identified at operation in 90% (204) patients, with a false-negative rate of 7%. The SN identification rate was significantly higher in patients with SN visualised on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (P<0.001). SN identification rate intraoperatively using the gamma probe was significantly higher in the SN visualised group compared with the SN non-visualised group (95% vs. 68%; chi square (1 degrees of freedom (df)) P<0.001. There was no statistically significant difference in the false-negative rate and the operative time between the two groups. A mean of 2.3 (standard deviation (SD) 1.3) SNs per patient were removed in patients with SN visualised on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy compared with 1.8 (SD 1.2) in patients with no SN visualised on lymphoscintigraphy (P<0.001). Although SN visualisation on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy significantly improved the intraoperative SN localisation rate, SN was successfully identified in 90% of patients with no SN visualisation on lymphoscintigraphy. Given the time and cost required to perform routine preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, these data suggest that it may not be necessary in all cases. It may be valuable for surgeons in the learning phase to shorten the learning curve and in patients who have increased risk of intraoperative failed localisation (obese or old patients). A negative preoperative lymphoscintiscan predicts the inability to localise with the hand-held gamma probe. Therefore, if the SN is not visualised on lymphoscintigraphy then the addition of intraoperative blue dye is recommended to increase the likelihood of SN identification.