乳腺浸润性导管癌中Maspin、uPA的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Maspin蛋白和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)蛋白的表达及其临床意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测60例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Maspin、uPA蛋白的表达情况,并对其与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系进行统计学分析.结果:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Maspin蛋白的阳性表达率为46.7%,uPA蛋白的阳性表达率为61.7%,Maspin、uPA蛋白的表达存在显著负相关,r=-0.362,P<0.01.结论:乳腺癌的发生、浸润和转移可能和Maspin蛋白表达下调及uPA表达上调相关,Maspin表达的下调或缺失使得uPA对肿瘤细胞介导的纤溶酶原激活抑制作用丧失,uPA表达上调,成为促进乳腺癌细胞的侵袭和转移的途径之一.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中Maspin、uPA的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Maspin蛋白和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）蛋白的表达及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学法检测60例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Maspin、uPA蛋白的表达情况,并对其与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系进行统计学分析。结果：乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Maspin蛋白的阳性表达率为46．7％,uPA蛋白的阳性表达率为61．7％,Maspin、uPA蛋白的表达存在显著负相关,r=-0．362,P〈0．01。结论：乳腺癌的发生、浸润和转移可能和Maspin蛋白表达下调及uPA表达上调相关,Maspin表达的下调或缺失使得uPA对肿瘤细胞介导的纤溶酶原激活抑制作用丧失,uPA表达上调,成为促进乳腺癌细胞的侵袭和转移的途径之一。     

乳腺癌组织中uPA的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究乳腺癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（urokinase-type plasminogen activator,uPA）的表达与肿瘤浸润转移的关系,揭示乳腺癌的浸润转移机制.方法：应用SP免疫组化方法检测102例乳腺癌组织和30例乳腺非癌组织中uPA的表达情况及其与临床病理参数的关系.结果：在102例乳腺癌组织中,uPA的阳性表达率为70.6%（72/102）,与良性对照组比较差异有统计学意义,x^2=16.073 5,P=0.005;乳腺癌组织中uPA的阳性表达与腋窝淋巴结转移和临床TNM分期有关;uPA的阳性表达与年龄、肿瘤大小、病理分级无关.结论：乳腺癌uPA的阳性表达与肿瘤的浸润转移密切相关,uPA通过对基底膜和细胞外基质的降解,而促使癌细胞的浸润和转移.因此,检测uPA有助于判断乳腺癌的生物学行为,并提示可能是评估乳腺癌预后的一项有价值的指标.     

非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移相关因素的研究

目的：检测尿激酶纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）、尿激酶纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂（PAI-1）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和微m管密度（MVD）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中的表达以及与淋巴结转移的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法联合检测52例NSCLC组织中uPA、PAI—1、VEGF和MVD的表达水平。结果：uPA、PAI—1、VEGF和MVD在NSCLC中的表达显著高于正常肺组织，影响淋巴结转移的相关因素是TNM分期（P〈0．001）、肿瘤侵犯程度（P=0．034）、uPA表达（P=0．048）、VEGF表达（P=0．047）。多因素分析表明VEGF高表达是淋巴结转移的独立影响因素（P=0．043）。结论：uPA、VEGF高表达与NSCLC的淋巴结转移密切相关，促进了肿瘤转移。     

非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移相关因素的研究

目的肿瘤淋巴结转移与细胞外基质降解、浸润、迁移及肿瘤血管形成有关。检测尿激酶纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）、尿激酶纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂（PAI-1）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和微血管密度（MVD）在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达以及与淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法联合检测52例非小细胞肺癌组织中uPA、PAI-1、VEGF和MVD的表达水平。结果uPA、PAI-1、VEGF和MVD在非小细胞肺癌中的表达显著高于正常肺组织,影响淋巴结转移的相关因素是TNM分期（P〈0．001）、肿瘤侵犯程度（P=0．034）、uPA表达（P=0．048）、VEGF表达（P=0．047）。多因素分析表明VEGF高表达是淋巴结转移的独立影响因素（P=0．043）。结论uPA、VEGF高表达与NSCLC．的淋巴结转移密切相关,促进了肿瘤转移。     

乳腺癌组织中uPA的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究乳腺癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(urokinase-type plas-minogen activator,uPA)的表达与肿瘤浸润转移的关系,揭示乳腺癌的浸润转移机制。方法:应用SP免疫组化方法检测102例乳腺癌组织和30例乳腺非癌组织中uPA的表达情况及其与临床病理参数的关系。结果:在102例乳腺癌组织中,uPA的阳性表达率为70.6%(72/102),与良性对照组比较差异有统计学意义,χ2=16.073 5,P=0.005;乳腺癌组织中uPA的阳性表达与腋窝淋巴结转移和临床TNM分期有关;uPA的阳性表达与年龄、肿瘤大小、病理分级无关。结论:乳腺癌uPA的阳性表达与肿瘤的浸润转移密切相关,uPA通过对基底膜和细胞外基质的降解,而促使癌细胞的浸润和转移。因此,检测uPA有助于判断乳腺癌的生物学行为,并提示可能是评估乳腺癌预后的一项有价值的指标。     

乳腺癌尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其特异受体表达及意义

[目的]探讨乳腺癌和乳腺良性病变中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)及其特异受体(uPA-R)表达的生物学意义.[方法]免疫组化法分别检测uPA、uPA-R在57例乳腺癌和15例乳腺良性病变(对照组)中的表达.[结果]乳腺癌组较对照组uPA、uPA-R免疫染色阳性率明显升高(P＜0.05).在淋巴结转移病例中,uPA、uPA-R阳性率分别明显高于未转移病例(P＜0.05).uPA、uPA-R的表达与TNM分期及肿瘤大小相关(P＜0.05),与ER受体、PR受体无关.在病理分级较差分组中,uPA、uPA-R也有不同程度的升高,但无统计学意义.[结论]uPA、uPA-R的表达与乳腺癌浸润转移相关,可能是预测乳腺癌预后的一个强力生物学指标.     

子宫颈癌患者尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物和抑制物的表达及其临床意义的研究

目的：研究纤溶酶原激活物和抑制物在子宫颈癌的发生、发展及侵袭转移过程中的规律及对临床的指导意义。方法：采用ELISA法检测42例子宫颈癌患者和10例良性子宫肿瘤患者的血浆和组织中uPA和PAI-1含量，按良恶性、手术前后、临床分期和组织类型等分别进行对照分析。结果：子宫颈癌患者血浆中uPA和PAI-1含量随临床分期的升高逐渐增加。宫颈癌患者血浆uPA和PAI-1含量术后显著降低。淋巴结转移组血浆uPA含量高于无转移组。癌组织中的uPA和PAI-1含量高于癌周组织。正常宫颈、宫颈上皮内瘤变、宫颈鳞癌组织uPA含量呈上升趋势。腺癌的组织uPA含量高于鳞状细胞癌组，PAI-1含量无差异。结论：检测宫颈癌患者uPA和PAI-1含量可能对其侵犯范围、盆腔淋巴结转移情况、预后等有一定的参考价值。     

血浆uPA、PAI-1浓度与食管鳞状细胞癌临床病理因素的相关性

目的：探讨血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（urokinase-type plasminogen activator,uPA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1,PAI-1）浓度作为食管鳞状细胞癌预后指标的可能性。方法：收集20例健康人、54例食管鳞状细胞癌患者（手术前、后）及14例术后复发转移患者血浆标本,采用ELISA法测定其血浆uPA、PAI-1浓度,并分析血浆uPA、PAI-1浓度与食管鳞状细胞癌患者临床病理特征的关系。结果：健康人群血浆uPA、PAI-1浓度显著低于食管鳞状细胞癌患者手术前及手术后血浆uPA、PAI-1浓度（P〈0.05）。食管鳞状细胞癌患者手术前血浆uPA、PAI-1浓度显著高于术后血浆uPA、PAI-1浓度（P〈0.05）,显著低于术后复发转移患者血浆uPA、PAI-1浓度（P〈0.05）。食管鳞状细胞癌患者血浆uPA、PAI-1浓度与年龄、性别无关,不同性别及年龄组间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。与临床分期有关,临床分期越晚,浓度越高（P〈0.05）。与组织分化程度有关,分化程度越低,浓度越高（P〈0.05）。与有无淋巴结转移有关,有淋巴结转移组显著高于无淋巴结转移组（P〈0.05）。结论：uPA、PAI-1在食管鳞状细胞癌进展过程中发挥重要作用,血浆浓度可作为食管鳞状细胞癌的预后判断指标,浓度升高提示预后不良。     

肺癌患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活系统的研究

在乳腺癌、结肠癌、胃癌、甲状腺癌、肝癌及肺癌的研究中发现，在肿瘤细胞和肿瘤组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活系统各成分的表达水平和活性均高于正常细胞和正常组织，uPA、uPAR和PAI-1在癌细胞和肿瘤组织的高表达与癌细胞的增殖、浸润、侵袭和转移及肿瘤的预后相关，提示uPA、uPAR和PAI-1是肿瘤的促进因子。通过检测肿瘤组织和癌细胞尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活系统抗原成分表达水平或活性，与肿瘤分期、淋巴结或远处转移、生存状况和生存期等相关指标综合分析，可以反映不同类型肿瘤和各肿瘤不同亚型的生长和浸润潜能、侵袭性及肿瘤的转移和预后.     

Her-2/neu and urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor in breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Recent studies suggest that HER-2/neu specifically promotes the invasive capacity of tumor cells by up-regulating secretion of the proteolytic enzyme, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), or its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), in colon and gastric cancer. It was the purpose of this study to: (a) evaluate the association between HER-2/neu and uPA and PAI-1 expression in a large primary breast cancer cohort; (b) perform the first multivariate analysis, including HER-2/neu, uPA, and PAI-1 in breast cancer; and (c) define the effect of HER-2/neu overexpression on uPA and PAI-1 expression in breast cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: HER-2/neu, uPA, and PAI-1 were measured as continuous variables by ELISA in primary breast cancer tissue extracts from 587 patients with clinical follow-up and analyzed for correlations with clinical outcome. Furthermore, a full-length human HER-2/neu cDNA was introduced into five human breast cancer cell lines to define the effects of HER-2/neu overexpression on uPA and PAI-1 expression. In addition, we tested whether HER-2/neu antibodies could reverse any given alteration of uPA and PAI-1 levels. RESULTS: Our findings indicate a weak positive association between HER-2/neu and uPA (r = 0.147; P < 0.001) and no association between HER-2/neu and PAI-1 (r = 0.07; P = 0.085). HER-2/neu overexpression (> or =400 fmol/mg) and high levels of uPA/PAI-1 (> or =5.5 ng/mg and/or > or =14 ng/mg, respectively) were significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS; P < 0.001 and P = 0.003) and metastasis-free survival (MFS; P = 0.015 and P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed prognostic independence between HER-2/neu and the uPA/PAI-1 axis for DFS and MFS. Both uPA and PAI-1 had no significant discriminatory effect among HER-2/neu-positive patients for DFS. The prognostic value of HER-2/neu overexpression for MFS, however, was significantly enhanced by elevated uPA expression (P = 0.053). Stable transfection of the HER-2/neu gene into multiple human breast cancer cell lines resulted in consistent down-regulation of uPA or PAI-1 expression. In addition, anti-HER-2/neu antibodies did not significantly affect uPA or PAI-1 expression in human cancer cell lines naturally overexpressing HER-2/neu. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that the invasive phenotype elicited by HER-2/neu overexpression in breast cancer is not a direct effect of uPA or PAI-1 expression. HER-2/neu and the uPA/PAI-1 axis have been shown to affect the invasive capacity of breast cancer independently. Determination of uPA can provide significant additional prognostic information for MFS in HER-2/neu-positive and -negative patients.     

喉癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂及其抑制剂的表达及意义

目的:研究尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(urokinasetypeplasminogenactivator,uPA)和纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂1(plasminogenactivatorinhibitor1,PAI1)在喉癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:应用SABC法检测51例声门上型喉癌患者中的uPA与PAI1的表达,结合临床随访,分析其与临床病理指标的关系及预后的作用。结果:uPA和PAI1的染色阳性率分别为64.7%(33/51)和70.6%(36/51)。uPA和PAI1的表达均与临床分期和颈淋巴结状况相关,与肿瘤大小、T分期和病理学分级无关。单因素分析显示,uPA和PAI1的表达与颈淋巴结转移有相似预后作用;多因素分析显示,uPA和颈淋巴结转移是影响患者预后的独立因子。结论:uPA和PAI1的表达与喉癌的临床分期和颈淋巴结转移有关,uPA阳性表达者可能预后较差。     

uPA、PAI-1在食管癌发生、发展不同阶段的表达及意义

目的:探讨尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)在食管癌发生、发展中的作用及意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测正常食管黏膜上皮组织(18例)、食管黏膜上皮不典型增生组织(23例)及食管癌组织(68例)中uPA、PAI-1蛋白的表达,并分析其和食管癌临床病理特征的关系。结果:uPA蛋白在正常食管黏膜上皮组织、食管黏膜上皮不典型增生组织及食管癌组织中的阳性率分别为27.8%、39.1%、70.6%,三者间有显著性差异(P<0.05);PAI-1蛋白在正常食管黏膜上皮组织、食管黏膜上皮不典型增生组织及食管癌组织中的阳性率分别为22.2%、34.8%、64.7%,三者间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。uPA、PAI-1蛋白表达与年龄、性别、病理类型无关(P>0.05),在临床病理Ⅰ-Ⅱ期和Ⅲ-Ⅳ期间有升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与分化程度和淋巴结有无转移有关(P<0.05)。结论:uPA、PAI-1蛋白在食管癌发生、发展不同阶段的表达呈进行性上升的趋势,可能与食管癌的发生、发展相关,过度表达提示预后不良。     

子宫内膜腺癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活系统的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活系统在子宫内膜腺癌的发生、发展及浸润转移中的规律及其对临床的指导意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法测定24例正常子宫内膜、30例子宫内膜增生过长及62例子宫内膜腺癌组中uPA、uPAR、PAI-1的表达,并分析与良恶性、临床分期、组织学分级、基层浸润深度及淋巴结转移的关系。结果：uPA、uPAR、PAI-1在子宫内膜腺癌组中的表达较正常子宫内膜组和子宫内膜增生过长组中的表达显著升高（P均〈0．05）,而正常子宫内膜组和子宫内膜增生过长组中的表达无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。uPA、uPAR、PAI-1的高表达与肿瘤分化、临床分期、肌层浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）。结论：uPA、uPAR、PAI-1的表达与子宫内膜腺癌的发生、发展及浸润转移密切相关,可作为判断预后的重要指标。     

Prognostic value of uPA,PAI-1 and PAI-2 mRNA expression in primary breast cancer

BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 mRNA expression was studied in a retrospective series of 130 primary breast cancer patients (median follow-up 8.1 years). MATERIALS AND METHODS: UPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 mRNA were quantified by means of real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Comparison with the corresponding protein levels determined by ELISA was performed in 21 cases. RESULTS: Higher uPA protein values were found in cases with high mRNA values, but the relationship was of borderline significance. PAI-1 and PAI-2 mRNA were positively correlated to protein values. The mRNA expression of uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 was significantly correlated with one another. Higher uPA and PAI-1 mRNA values were significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.002; p = 0.03, respectively). Low and very high PAI-2 mRNA values tended to be associated with longer DFS. In Cox multivariate analyses, higher uPA and PAI-1 mRNA values were independently associated with shorter DFS. PAI-2 was not retained as a significant variable in the Cox model. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results indicate that, in breast cancer, uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 mRNA analysis by quantitative RT-PCR give results comparable to those obtained at the protein level.     

Clinical relevance of biologic factors in male breast cancer

There is ample information on the clinical role of biologic factors in female breast cancer: urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor uPAR, its inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2, cathepsin D and pS2-protein. However such reports are missing or very rare for male breast cancer. We determined the cytosolic levels of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), cathepsin D, pS2-protein, uPA, uPAR, PAI-1 and PAI-2 of the primary tumour tissues from 40 male breast cancer patients. The tumour levels were compared with those of 180 matched females and 4114 historic females with breast cancer. In male breast tumours the level of PgR was higher, those of uPA, PAI-1, PAI-2 and cathepsin D lower. The tumour level of ER in men was similar to those in the matched and postmenopausal women, but much higher than those in the historic women. Male breast cancer seems to be biologically different from female breast cancer. Correlation of the eight cell biologic factors with disease outcome showed that PAI-1 (p=0.03) was the only independent predictive factor for poor prognosis in male breast cancer.     

Immunolocalization of the components of the plasminogen activating system in breast carcinoma tissue

The plasminogen activating system plays an important role in the progression of carcinomas and the significance of this system in various carcinomas has been thoroughly investigated. To follow up these investigations, we examined the immunolocalization of the components of the plasminogen activating system, namely the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR), and two inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2), in 72 cases of breast carcinomas. uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 were uniformly expressed in 75.0%, 84.7% and 80.6% of the cases respectively, although their expression was less uniform in T3 or larger carcinomas (p<0.05). Furthermore, the immunoreactivities of these three proteins were often very similar in the lesions. PAI-2 expression was, to the contrary, statistically less extensive (p<0.01)than PAI-1, and only 52.8% of the cases were uniformly positive. The incidence of PAI-2 expression was statistically lower in T3 or larger carcinomas (p<0.01), and in stage III (p<0.01) and grade III carcinomas (p<0.05). Moreover, PAI-1 immunoreactivity was more commonly found in lymph node positive (p<0.05), T3 or larger and stage III carcinomas than PAI-2 immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that uPA, uPAR and PAI-1, whose expression should be regulated by carcinomas once they have grown to a certain degree, work in association with one another, probably promoting carcinoma progression, while PAI-2 might act as the inhibitor in this system. Furthermore, breast carcinomas containing more PAI-I than PAI-2 are more active in respect to both local proliferation and metastasis.     

甲状腺癌组织中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物和抑制物的表达及其临床意义

目的 :研究纤溶酶原激活物 (uPA)和抑制物 (PAI 1)在甲状腺癌组织中的不同表达 ,总结其在甲状腺癌的发生、发展及侵袭转移过程中的规律和对临床的指导意义。方法 :采用酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)法检测 4 2例甲状腺癌和 30例良性甲状腺肿瘤组织及正常甲状腺组织中uPA和PAI 1含量 ,从良恶性、临床分期、病理类型等不同方面分别进行对照分析 ,比较其有无差异。结果 :甲状腺瘤组织的uPA含量高于正常甲状腺组织 (P <0 0 5 ) ,PAI 1含量和正常甲状腺组织比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。甲状腺癌组织中uPA和PAI 1含量明显高于良性甲状腺肿瘤和癌旁组织 (P <0 0 1) ,且和临床分期呈正相关 (r分别为 0 72 3和 0 795 ,P <0 0 5 )。周围淋巴结转移组的uPA和PAI 1含量明显高于无转移组 (P <0 0 5 )。未分化癌的uPA和PAI 1含量高于乳头状癌和滤泡状癌 (P <0 0 5 ) ,乳头状癌和滤泡状癌uPA值和PAI 1含量比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,髓样癌的uPA值和PAI 1的含量最低。结论 :检测组织中uPA和PAI 1含量可能对甲状腺癌的侵犯范围、淋巴结转移情况及预后估计等有一定的参考价值     

Immunoassays of urokinase (uPA) and its type-1 inhibitor (PAI-1) in detergent extracts of breast cancer tissue

Two immunoassays for quantitation of the biological markers uPA and PAI-1 were evaluated for their use with detergent extracts of breast cancer tissue. Both assays were based on murine monoclonal capture antibodies and rabbit polyclonal detector antibodies. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibodies enabled measurement of the bound antigen. The detection limit of the uPA assay was 13 pg/ml, with a linear dose-response relationship up to 350 pg/ml. The assay detected free uPA as well as uPA in complex with PAI-1 and/or with its receptor. The detection limit of the PAI-1 assay was 50 pg/ml, with a linear dose-response relationship up to 1500 pg/ml. The assay detected both free PAI-1 and uPA:PAI-1 complex. Both assays were validated for detergent extracts using immunoabsorption and recovery tests. Highly significant associations between tumour tissue uPA and PAI-1 levels and prognosis were verified in a cohort of 164 lymph node-negative primary breast cancer patients. It is concluded that the two immunoassays are well-suited for the quantitation of uPA and PAI-1 in detergent extracts of breast cancer tissues.