5-羟色胺2A受体基因多态性与精神分裂症患者迟发性运动障碍的关联分析

目的　探讨5- 羟色胺2A( 5- HT2A)受体基因A 1 4 38G、T1 0 2C多态性与精神分裂症伴迟发性运动障碍(TD)的相关性。方法　先用异常不自主运动量表(AIMS)评定精神分裂症男性患者有无TD及其严重程度,有4 2例符合TD(AIMS总分≥3分)者和51例与TD组严格相匹配的非TD者入组,采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评定精神症状,应用聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性方法分析5 HT2A受体基因的A 1 4 38G、T1 0 2C多态性位点的多态性。结果　①5- HT2A受体基因A 1 4 38G和T1 0 2C两位点多态性呈完全连锁不平衡,TD组与非TD组的两多态性位点的基因型总体分布无显著性差异( χ2 =4 37,v =2 ,P >0 . 0 5) ,在TD组有更高的C/A等位基因频率,与非TD组有显著性差异( χ2 =4 . 36 ,v =1 ,P <0. 0 5)。②不同基因型间的人口学和临床学资料(如:病程、服药总时间、日服抗精神病药物剂量、AIMS和BPRS的评分)间无显著性差异(P >0. 0 5)。结论　5 -HT2A受体基因的A 1 4 38G、T1 0 2C多态性可能与男性精神分裂症患者的TD相关联。     

5-羟色胺2A受体基因多态性与利培酮治疗中国首发精神分裂症患者疗效关联

背景5-羟色胺2A受体基因已经证实为精神分裂症的候选易感基因,因为阐明其作为非典型抗精神病药物重要作用靶点减轻阴性症状已引起业界倍加关注.本研究试图探讨(1)5-HT2A受体基因T102C多态性在不同临床亚型之间等位基因和基因型频率的关系,(2)5-HT2A受体基因T102C在利培酮高剂量组和低剂量组之间基因型和等位基因分布频率的关系,(3)5-HT2A受体基因T102C多态性在治疗有效组与无效组之间的基因型和等位基因分布频率的关系,(4)5-羟色胺2A受体T102C基因多态性是否与中国首发精神分裂症患者利培酮疗效有关.方法对201例精神分裂症初发期患者分别进行利培酮治疗[3～5 mg/d,平均(3.2±1.3)mg/d],疗程8周.采用聚合酶链式反应扩增与限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测5-HT2A受体基因T102C多态性.以临床亚型将精神分裂症患者划分为偏执型、瓦解型、未定型和其他型,分析不同临床亚型等位基因和基因型频率的差异;按服用利培酮剂量划分低剂量组(＜4 mg/d)和高剂量组(≥4 mg/d),经比较利培酮高剂量组和低剂量组的5-HT2A受体基因T102C基因型和等位基因分布频率差异性;同时以阴性和阳性症状量表(PANSS)总减分率＞50%有效,≤50%为无效以分析治疗有效组与无效组之间的基因型和等位基因分布频率差异有无显著性;以PANSS评定患者治疗前及治疗后2周、4周、6周和第8周末的精神症状,比较5-HT2A受体T102C各基因亚型与年龄、发病年龄、PANSS总分值、阳性症状基线分、阴性症状基线分、一般病理症状基线分、PANSS总减分率、阳性症状减分率、阴性症状减分率和一般病理症状减分率的差异.结果5-HT2A受体T102C基因型在患者组分布频率均符合H-W平衡定律(P＞0.05);不同临床诊断亚型精神分裂症患者等位基因和基因型频率无显著性差异(χ2=0.415,P=0.937;χ2=1.705,P=0.941);高剂量组与低剂量组之间的基因型和等位基因分布频率差异均无显著性(χ2=2.402,P=0.301;χ2=2.465,P=0.116);治疗有效和无效组的基因型和等位基因分布频率的差异无显著性(χ2=1.995,P=0.369;χ2=1.939,P=0.164);各基因型亚组的年龄、发病年龄及其病程差异均无显著性(P均大于0.05);但基因亚组A1/A1的治疗前PANSS总分(χ2=4.076,P=0.018)和阴性症状分(χ2=3.946,P=0.021)以及治疗结束PANSS总分减分率(χ2=4.036,P=0.019)和阴性症状减分率(χ2=3.876,P=0.022)均显著高于A1/A2及A2/A2基因型.结论(1)首发精神分裂症患者不同临床亚型5-HT2A受体基因T102C基因型和等位基因频率无显著差异.(2)利培酮高剂量组和低剂量组5-HT2A受体基因T102C基因型和等位基因分布频率没有显著性差异.(3)治疗有效组与无效组之间5-HT2A受体基因T102C基因型和等位基因分布频率也无显著性差异.(4)5-HT2A受体T102C Ai/A1基因亚型可能影响中国首发精神分裂症患者对利培酮的治疗效应.     

5-羟色胺2A受体基因-1438A/G多态性与抑郁症的关联研究

目的探讨中国汉族人群中抑郁症患者与5-羟色胺2A(5-HT2A)受体基因-1438A/G多态性之间的关系。方法采用高温连接酶检测反应法,检测254例抑郁症患者和231例正常对照者的5-HT2A受体基因-1438A/G多态性的基因型和等位基因分布。结果(1)5-HT2A受体基因-1438A/G多态性的基因型和等位基因频率在患者组和对照组的分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)患者组-1438A/G多态性的三种基因型之间的汉密尔顿抑郁量表总分和各因子分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)-1438A/G多态性基因型及等位基因在性别和有无精神病疾病家族史之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论在中国汉族人群中未发现5-HT2A受体基因-1438A/G多态性与抑郁症存在关联。     

5-羟色胺转运体基因LPR及5-羟色胺1A受体C(-1019)G基因多态性的联合作用与重性抑郁症的关联研究

目的探讨5-羟色胺转运体基因LPR(5-HTT LPR)多态性和5-羟色胺1A受体(5-HT_(1A)R)C(-1019)G基因多态性的联合作用与重性抑郁症的关系。方法采用病例对照研究,以2005年10月-2007年5月在山西医科大学第一医院就诊的197例重性抑郁症患者为患者组,选取同期该院体检中心与患者组性别、年龄匹配的健康对照者197例为对照组。应用聚合酶链反应技术(PCR)、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)及DNA直接测序法对两组的5-HTT LPR及5-HT_(1A)R C(-1019)G基因多态性进行检测。应用UNPHASED软件进行统计分析。结果患者组与对照组的5-HTT LPR和5-HT_(1A)R C(-1019)G多态性位点基因型及等位基因分布频率差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。多态性联合作用分析显示,患者组G-S等位基因组合频率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(21.4%vs.12.4%,P=0.022)。结论在中国汉族人群中,5-HTT LPR和5-HT_(1A)R C(-1019)G的联合作用与重性抑郁症存在关联,G-S等位基因组合可能会增加重性抑郁症发病的危险性。     

强迫症与5-羟色胺受体基因的关联研究

目的探讨北方汉族人群中5-HT2A、5-HT2C、5-HT1Dβ受体基因与强迫症(OCD)的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态技术测定225例强迫症患者和175名正常对照的5-HT2A-1438G/A、5-HT2CCys23Ser、5-HT1DβG861C多态性的基因型,根据强迫症的共病情况、发病年龄、临床表现将OCD划分亚型进行与5-羟色胺受体基因多态性的关联分析。结果OCD组5-HT1Dβ等位基因861C频率与对照组有显著性差异(2=4.39,P=0.04),而5-HT2A、5-HT2C2个位点基因型和等位基因及5-HT1Dβ基因型的频率与对照组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);OCD共病其他精神障碍组5-HT1Dβ基因型与等位基因频率与对照组有显著性差异(2=7.12,P=0.03;2=7.56,P=0.006),而无共病组3个位点基因型与等位基因频率与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05);早发OCD组5-HT2A基因型和等位基因频率与对照组有显著性差异(Х2=8.97,P=0.01;Х2=8.05,P=0.005);强迫思维合并强迫行为的患者5-HT2A基因型与等位基因频率与对照组有显著性差异(Х2=9.15,P=0.01;Х2=8.38,P=0.004)。结论5-HT2A-1438G/A多态性与强迫思维合并强迫行为的OCD亚型及早发型OCD的发病存在关联;5-HT1DβG861C多态性与共病其他精神障碍的OCD相关,有/无共病强迫症可能有不同的发病机制。     

精神分裂症攻击行为与5-HT2A受体基因多态性的关联研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者的攻击行为与5-HT2A受体基因T102C和A1438G多态性的相关性。方法采用《修订版外显攻击行为量表》(MOAS)对精神分裂症患者进行评定,MAOS评分≥5分为研究组,MOAS≤4为对照组。并采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和限制性片断长度多态性(RFLP)技术,检测103例伴发攻击行为精神分裂症(研究组)和99例非攻击行为精神分裂症患者(对照组)5-HT2A基因型,并分别比较两组5-HT2A受体基因T102C位点多态性和A1438G位点多态性差异。结果研究组和对照组T102C位点多态性的等位基因频率和基因型频率分布统计学均具有显著性差异(P0.01),研究组基因型T/T频率和等位基因T频率均高于对照组(χ2=10.126,P=0.006),(χ2=8.176,P=0.004);A1438G位点多态性基因型频率分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而等位基因频率分布差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),研究组等位基因A频率高于对照组。结论 5-HT2A受体基因T102C位点和A1438G位点的多态性与精神分裂症的攻击行为均具有相关性,其等位基因T和A可能增加患者攻击行为的风险。     

5-HT_(2c)受体基因多态性与抗精神病药物疗效的关联分析

目的探讨5-HT2c受体基因-759C/T、-697G/C多态性与非典型抗精神病药物治疗首发精神分裂症患者疗效的关系。方法179例首发精神分裂症患者接受利培酮或氯氮平治疗8周,以PANSS量表评定患者的症状改善,以聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增及限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术,检测5-HT2C受体基因-759C/T及-697G/C多态性。结果女性患者携带-759C等位基因的总疗效较-759T好,C/C基因型的阴性症状改善及总疗效优于C/T及T/T基因型,没有发现男性组和女性组697C/G各基因型与疗效存在关联。结论5-HT2c受体基因-759C/T基因多态性可能与非典型抗精神病药的疗效相关,C/C基因型和等位基因C可能是总体疗效好和阴性症状疗效好的预测因子。5-HT2c受体基因-697G/C基因多态性可能与非典型抗精神病药的疗效无关。     

5-羟色胺1A受体、G蛋白β3亚基基因多态性与卒中后抑郁的相关性

目的 观察5-羟色胺1A受体(5-HTR1A)C(-1019)G基因与G蛋白β3亚基(GNβ3)基因C825T多态性在中国广州地区卒中后抑郁患者的分布情况及特点,探讨卒中后抑郁的遗传机制.方法 选取159例首发脑卒中患者并根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分分为卒中后抑郁组(53例)和卒中对照组(106例),采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术分析2组患者的5-HTR1A C(-1019)G和GNβ3 C825T基因多态性.结果 5-HTR1A C(-1019)G和GNβ3 C825T基因多态性在2组人群中的分布差异均有统计学意义,卒中后抑郁组5-HTR1A(-1019)GG基因型(8/53,15.1%)及G等位基因频率(44/106,41.5%)和GNβ3 825T等位基因频率(68/106,64.2%)均高于对照组(5/106,4.7%;35/212,16.5%;113/212,53.3%;×2=23.204、23.655、3.392,均P＜0.05).同时携带5-HTR1A(-1019)G和GNβ3 825T等位基因者罹患卒中后抑郁的相对危险度(OR=4.980,95%CI 2.429～10.210,P=0.000)比单独具有5-HTR1A(-1019)G等位基因者(OR=3.589,95%CI2.113～6.096,P=0.000)或GNβ3 825T等位基因者高(OR=0.638,95%CI 0.395～1.031,P=0.042).结论 5-HTR1A C(-1019)G和GNβ3 C825T基因均可能是卒中后抑郁的易患基因,而且两者在卒中后抑郁的发病中存在微效协同作用.     

中国南方汉族人群CYBA基因C242T多态性与精神分裂症的关联

目的 探讨中国南方汉族人群NADPH氧化酶p22phox亚基基因(CYBA)C242T多态性和精神分裂症的易感性及疾病严重程度的关联.方法 本研究利用SNaPshot技术对906例中国南方汉族人群精神分裂症患者和982名健康对照者进行CYBA基因C242T多态性检测,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)对患者组进行精神症状严重程度评定.结果 (1)CYBA基因C242T多态性位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在精神分裂症患者和健康人群中的分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)C242T多态性位点CT+TT基因型患者PANSS量表的阴性量表分及总分高于CC基因型患者(P<0.05).结论 CYBA基因C242T多态性与中国南方汉族精神分裂症的易感性无明显关联,C242T多态性位点T突变可能会加重精神分裂症患者的阴性症状.     

5—羟色胺2A受体基因多态性与精神分裂症阳性症状相关性研究

目的:探讨中国汉族人群精神分裂症阳性症状患者与5-羟色胺2A受体基因T102C多态性之间的关系.方法:采用AmP-RFLP方法,检测精神分裂症患者对照组的5-HT2A受体基因频率分布.结果:精神分裂症阳性症状患者5-HT2A受体基因型频率,等位基因频率与对照组无明显差异,但有精神病家族史精神分裂症患者A1A1基因型频率,A1等位基因频率明显高于对照组.结论:实验结果提示,5-HT2A受体基因多态性与有精神病家庭史的精神分裂症阳性症状患者密切相关.A1等位基因可能是精神分裂症发病的风险基因之一.     

Prefrontal executive function and D1, D3, 5-HT2A and 5-HT6 receptor gene variations in healthy adults

OBJECTIVE: The Val158Met polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene has been demonstrated to be associated with prefrontal executive function explaining 4% of variance in perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Studies suggest that dopamine D(1) and D(3) and serotonin 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(6) receptors may also be involved in prefrontal cognitive function and that genetic polymorphisms (D(1) A-48G, D(3) Ser9Gly, 5-HT(2A) T102C, and 5-HT(6) T267C) of these receptors may be associated with brain glucose metabolism or neurophysiological function. The current study's objective was to investigate whether executive function varies with these genetic variations. METHODS: A sample of 216 healthy Han Chinese adults were measured with the WCST and genotyped for the 4 genetic polymorphisms. RESULTS: Kruskal-Wallis tests showed a significant difference in WCST perseverative errors among the genotypes D(3) Ser9Gly (p = 0.009), 5-HT(2A) T102C (p = 0.038) and 5-HT(6) T267C (p = 0.010), but not in the genotype D(1) A-48G. Multiple regression analysis for the WCST natural logarithm values (i.e., for fulfilling the normal distribution requirement) showed that subjects' perseverative errors were significantly influenced by D(1) A-48G, D(3) Ser9Gly, 5-HT(2A) T102C and 5-HT(6) T267C polymorphisms after adjustment of other variables. CONCLUSION: The preliminary data suggest that D(1), D(3), 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(6) genetic mutations may influence prefrontal executive cognition in healthy adults. Further studies in larger samples with other ethnicities or in mentally ill patients are warranted.     

Effect of 5-HT1A-receptor functional polymorphism on Theory of Mind performances in schizophrenia

Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities are known to be impaired in schizophrenia and data from functional brain imaging studies showed that ToM deficit is correlated to prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction. Moreover, several lines of evidence suggest a critical role for dopaminergic-serotoninergic interactions at the PFC level. In this view, we aimed to analyse the specific effect of the -1019 C/G functional polymorphism of the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A-R), involved in both serotonin and dopamine transmission regulation. A total of 118 clinically stabilised schizophrenia patients was assessed with a neuropsychological battery, including evaluation of IQ, verbal memory, attention and executive function and a ToM task; they also underwent 5-HT1A-R genotyping. We observed a significant effect of the 5-HT1A-R genotype on ToM performances, with the CC genotype performing significantly better. The finding suggests an effect of the 5-HT1A-R polymorphism on ToM cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients, probably through complex interactions between dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems, involved in mentalising.     

Association of muscarinic m1 receptor genetic polymorphisms with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function in schizophrenic patients

OBJECTIVE: The cholinergic system is important in the search for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia due to its role in cognitive function, interaction with the dopamine system in brain regions relevant to schizophrenia, side effects of antipsychotic medication and potential antipsychotic effect of muscarinic receptor antagonists. This study investigated the association of type I muscarinic receptor (CHRM1) genetic polymorphisms with the clinical characteristics of chronic schizophrenic inpatients. METHODS: We determined the genotype of CHRM1 genetic polymorphisms in 243 schizophrenic patients hospitalized in chronic care wards. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and cognitive function was assessed using the Folstein Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) test. Sixty of the 243 subjects also completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the number of correct responses and the percentage of perseverative errors in the WCST in the CHRM1 C267A genotype group of schizophrenia patients. There was no significant association between age at onset, chlorpromazine equivalents, BPRS scores, MMSE or schizophrenia per se in patients with the CHRM1 C267A genotype. The full exon of the CHRM1 gene was screened out with single-strand conformation polymorphism, and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (C267A and C1353T) were identified in our patients and control subjects. These 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms were linked together without exception. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that in schizophrenic patients, the heterozygote group of CHRM1 C267A polymorphism (267C/A) had more correct responses and less perseverative errors on the WCST performance than the 267C/C homozygote group, implicating that this polymorphism may be related to prefrontal cortical function. Our results also suggested that the C267A polymorphism plays no major role in the susceptibility to and clinical manifestations of schizophrenia.     

Schizophrenia and the serotonin-2A receptor promoter polymorphism

Serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptors have received much investigative attention in schizophrenia because (1) several studies have shown a decrease in the number of 5-HT2A receptors in the prefrontal cortex of postmortem brains of schizophrenic patients; (2) atypical antipsychotic drugs are antagonists for 5-HT2A receptors; and (3) a positive association between a T to C polymorphism at position 102 of the 5-HT2A receptor gene and schizophrenia has been reported. A G to A polymorphism at position -1438 of the 5-HT2A receptor gene was studied in 119 schizophrenic patients and 106 healthy control subjects, all of whom were Japanese. The genotype and allele frequencies did not differ between the patients and control subjects. Furthermore, the genotype frequency did not differ according to diagnostic subtype, family history, age at onset of illness, or daily dosage of antipsychotic medication. Our results suggest that the polymorphism does not contribute to the etiology or clinical characteristics of schizophrenia. However, the gene is greater than 20 kbp in length, and thus it is possible that other areas that affect expression of the gene may vary. We found that the -1438G/A variant was in linkage disequilibrium with the T102C polymorphism.     

The C(-1019)G 5-HT1A promoter polymorphism and personality traits: no evidence for significant association in alcoholic patients

The 5HT1A receptor is one of at least 14 different receptors for serotonin which has a role in moderating several brain functions and may be involved in the aetiology of several psychiatric disorders. The C(-1019)G 5-HT1A promoter polymorphism was reported to be associated with major depression, depression-related personality traits and suicidal behavior in various samples. The G(-1019) allele carriers are prone to depressive personality traits and suicidal behavior, because serotonergic neurotransmission is reduced.     

有暴力行为男性精神分裂症患者执行功能研究

目的:研究有暴力行为的男性精神分裂症患者的执行功能。方法:对75例有暴力行为史的男性精神分裂症患者(暴力组)和43例无暴力行为史的男性精神分裂症患者(对照组)收集一般资料,评定阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS),采用言语流畅性测验、连线测验(TMT)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)和Stroop色词测验评定受试者的执行功能。结果:暴力组的Stroop卡五2min内正确数成绩比对照组显著为差(t=-2.58,P=0.01),暴力组的WCST分类数成绩比对照组显著为差(t=-2.27,P=0.02)。其余认知指标(SIE正确数、SIE时间、卡四2min内正确数、卡四完成时间、卡五完成时间、WCST正确数、WCST错误数、WCST持续错误数、TMT-A时间、TMT-B时间、言语流畅正确数)两组间差异无统计学意义(P均≥0.05)。结论:有暴力行为史的男性精神分裂症患者执行功能较没有暴力行为史的损害明显。     

No association of C-1019G promoter polymorphism of 5-HT1A receptor gene with migraine

It is well known that migraine has a strong genetic component, although the type and number of genes involved remains unclear. There is evidence to suggest that serotonin-related genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine. To investigate whether the 5-HT1A receptor gene contributes to the risk of migraine we performed an association study of C-1019G promoter polymorphism of the gene in 102 migraineurs and 93 controls. Subjects were of Han Chinese origin. No significant differences in allele (P=0.82) or genotype frequencies (P=0.71) were seen in migraineurs compared with the controls. When migraine with aura, without aura, with family history, without family history were analyzed separately, the frequencies did not vary significantly. Our results suggest that C-1019G in 5-HT1A is not a major genetic risk factor for migraine.     

T102C polymorphisms at the 5-HT2A receptor gene in Turkish schizophrenia patients: a possible association with prognosis

BACKGROUND: Serotonergic system abnormalities have been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The 5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphism has long been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. AIM: In this study, we assessed the relationship of schizophrenia and its subgroups with 5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphism, and attempted to evaluate a possible correlation between the severity and prognosis of the illness and 5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphism. METHOD: Our study comprised 141 unrelated subjects who strictly met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, and 79 healthy unrelated controls, all of Turkish origin. A clinical evaluation of all patients was accomplished applying the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) test. The analysis of 5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphism was performed using the polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS: Regarding 5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphisms, no statistically significant difference was found between schizophrenic patients and control subjects (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the average of BPRS points of the patients and 5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphisms (p > 0.05). Although there was no correlation between the duration of illness and polymorphism (p > 0.05), the frequency of hospitalization was found to be higher in the patients with T/C and T/T genotypes compared with the patients with C/C genotype (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the T102C polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene does not play a substantial role in schizophrenia nor help evaluate susceptibility to schizophrenia. Since the 5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphism is associated with the frequency of hospitalization of the patients, it may be an indicator of prognosis in schizophrenia or help differentiate the patients who are somewhat refractory to antipsychotic treatment.