定量组织速度成像评价自主神经病变对Ⅰ型糖尿病患者左室功能的影响

目的应用定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术评价自主神经病变对Ⅰ型糖尿病患者左室舒张功能的影响。方法应用QTVI软件测定糖尿病组(60例)及正常组(30例)二尖瓣环水平后间隔、侧壁、前壁、下壁、后壁、前间隔6个部位的收缩期(Vs)、舒张早期(Ve)、舒张晚期(Va)室壁运动峰值速度,比较两组间各参数的差异性。根据心率变异分析(HRV)将糖尿病组进一步分为心自主神经功能正常组(CAN-)(22例)及心自主神经功能异常组(CAN )(38例),比较两组间Ve/Va<1的检出率是否有统计学意义。结果糖尿病组Ve低于对照组,二者有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ve/Va明显低于正常组(P<0.001),二者有统计学意义。在CAN-组中的Ve/Va<1的节段数明显少于CAN 组(χ2=82.8,P<0.001),二者有显著性差异。结论QTVI能够准确定量评价糖尿病自主神经病变患者的左室舒张功能,并能敏感反映自主神经损害对左室舒张功能的影响,为临床选择合理的治疗措施及对疗效的评判提供了定量的指标。     

定量组织速度成像测定二尖瓣环运动速度对尿毒症患者左心舒张功能的评价

目的应用定量组织速度成像(QTVI)测定二尖瓣环运动速度评价尿毒症病患者左室舒张功能。方法应用定量组织速度成像测定30例正常人和32例尿毒症患者的二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)、左房收缩期峰值速度(Va),计算Ve/Va比值;并用脉冲多普勒测定二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值血流速度E峰、舒张晚期峰值血流速度A峰,计算E/A值。结果正常组舒张早期峰值速度(E)>左房收缩期峰值速度(A),E/A>1;二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)>左房收缩期峰值速度(Va),Ve/Va>1,正常组与尿毒症患者组二尖瓣口血流频谱及二尖瓣环运动组织速度成像测值有显著性差异,尿毒症患者组中二尖瓣环运动速度Ve/Va与二尖瓣血流频谱V/A无显著性差异。但在检出病例数中QTVI阳性例数明显高于血流频谱。结论应用定量组织速度成像测定二尖瓣口运动速度能较准确估计尿毒症患者左室舒张功能。     

定量组织速度成像对糖尿病下肢动脉病变患者左室收缩及舒张功能的评价

目的 应用定量组织速度成像(QTVI)评价糖尿病下肢动脉病变患者左心室收缩及舒张功能.方法 选取糖尿病下肢动脉病变患者50例及正常对照组50例,应用QTVI技术测量二尖瓣环左心室侧壁、前间隔、前壁、下壁、后间隔、后壁二尖瓣水平的收缩期(Vs)、舒张早期(Ve)、舒张晚期(Va)室壁峰值运动速度,比较糖尿病组及正常组的差异,并进行统计学分析.结果 糖尿病下肢动脉病变组Ve低于正常组,二者有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Vs低于对照组,Va高于对照组,但无显著性差异(P＞0.05).Ve/Va明显低于正常组,二者有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 QTVI为定量评价糖尿病下肢动脉病变患者左室收缩及舒张功能提供了一种准确实用的新方法.     

定量组织速度成像技术评价老年高血压病患者左室舒张功能的研究

目的应用定量组织速度成像技术(QTVI)对老年高血压病患者的左室舒张功能进行评价。方法应用定量组织速度成像技术测定20例健康老年人(对照组)及22例老年高血压患者(异常组)左室壁各节段的快速充盈期、心房收缩期的心肌运动速度Ve、Va和Ve/Va比值。比较两组间的差异并进行显著性检验。结果高血压组其基底段左室前壁、后壁及下壁Ve低于正常组(P<0.01,P<0.05),基底段后间隔、后壁及下壁Va低于正常组(P<0.05),中间段后间隔、后壁Ve及Va均低于正常组(P<0.05),Ve/Va比值与正常组比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论QTVI可于同一时相对不同的节段心肌进行多点取样,获得局域性心肌运动速度曲线,为评价左室整体和局域性舒张功能提供了新手段。但对于老年高血压患者,根据Ve/Va比值无法评判局域性舒张功能。     

组织多普勒速度图评价高血压左室心肌运动

目的探讨定量组织速度成像在评价高血压左室心肌运动方面的临床价值。方法运用彩色组织多普勒速度图对55例健康者及32例高血压患者的左室各心肌节段的速度曲线进行分析,测量舒张期左室心肌的收缩期运动速度(Vs)、舒张早期的运动速度(Ve)、舒张晚期运动速度(Va),并计算Ve/Va数值。结果正常人室壁的Vs与高血压组无显著差异,Ve明显高于高血压组(P<0.001),而Va则明显低于高血压组(P<0.001),Ve/Va明显高于高血压组(P<0.001)。高血压患者的左室心肌收缩速度曲线因病史、年龄、血压控制状况不同而形态各异,舒张期曲线以E波相似文献   

定量组织多普勒技术评价糖尿病患者左室功能

目的探讨定量组织多普勒技术(QTVI)技术评价糖尿病(DM)患者左室心肌收缩与舒张功能的价值.方法应用QTVI获取35例正常人和48例DM患者左室长轴方向不同室壁节段即左室前壁、后壁、下壁、侧壁及室间隔的心肌多普勒速度曲线,分别比较以下参数1.不同室壁中部心肌运动收缩期峰值速度(Vs)、快速充盈期和心房收缩期的速度(Ve和Va);2.二尖瓣舒张期血流频谱E/A值、左室射血分数(LVEF)、LVMI(左室质量指数)、Vs/Ve比值.结果 (1)DM患者Vs、Ve、Va、Vs/Ve 、LVEF均比正常人降低(P＜0.05);(2) 若以Vs>4.5 cm/s、Vs/Ve>0.80、LVEF>45%作为判定患者心功能符合临床NYHA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、客观评分A～B级的界定值,其敏感性80%,特异性85%,阳性预测值86%;(3)DM患者Vs 的测值越低,临床NYHA分级越差,它们之间有一定的负相关性(r＝-0.75).结论 QTVI定量评价DM患者左室心肌功能,为进一步了解DM局部心肌收缩舒张功能变化及其局部与整体心肌功能的变化提供较为敏感、精确的方法.     

定量组织多普勒技术在评价早期2型糖尿病左心室舒缩功能中的临床应用

目的探讨组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术在评价早期2型糖尿病患者(T2DM)左室功能方面的临床应用价值。方法对早期T2DM患者(T2DM组)及正常组(NC组)各45例,应用TDI技术检测二尖瓣环左室壁侧运动频谱,测量收缩期、舒张早期、舒张晚期运动峰值(分别为Vs、Ve、Va),并计算Ve/Va;应用脉冲多普勒(PDE)检测二尖瓣口血流频谱,测量二尖瓣口舒张早期、舒张晚期血流速度(分别为E、A),并计算E/A;常规超声心动图用Simpson′s法测量左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果收缩功能指标:T2DM组与NC组的LVEF均在正常范围,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而T2DM组二尖瓣环室壁侧Vs低于NC组(P<0.05)。舒张功能指标:T2DM组Ve、Ve/Va、E/A均低于NC组(P均<0.05);T2DM组Va、A均高于NC组(P均<0.05);T2DM组舒张功能异常检出率TDI法为51.1%,高于PDE法的26.7%(P<0.01)。结论 T2DM患者早期即存在舒张、收缩功能异常,TDI技术测量二尖瓣环运动速度可为评价左心室功能提供新的、更为敏感的定量指标。     

定量组织速度成像评价2型糖尿病患者左心功能

目的应用定量组织速度成像技术观察2型糖尿病患者是否存在左心舒张和收缩功能异常.方法运用定量组织速度成像技术观测33例2型糖尿病患者和24例健康人心尖左心长轴、二腔和四腔切面二尖瓣环运动速度曲线,测量收缩期峰值速度Vs,舒张早期峰值速度Ve和舒张晚期峰值速度Va,计算Ve/Va比值;彩色多普勒血流显像法测量二尖瓣口舒张早期血流频谱E峰速度,舒张晚期血流频谱A峰速度,计算E/A比值.结果糖尿病组收缩期峰值速度Vs与健康人无显著差异 (P＞0.05);糖尿病组舒张早期峰值运动速度Ve较健康人减低(舒张早期峰值速度Ve糖尿病组/健康人:9.96±3.10/13.29±3.99,P＜0.05);舒张晚期峰值速度Va较健康人升高(舒张晚期峰值速度Va糖尿病组/健康人:11.58±2.21/10.13±1.36,P＜0.05),Ve/Va比值较健康人明显减低(Ve/Va比值糖尿病组/健康人: 0.88±0.32/1.33±0.40,P＜0.01).结论糖尿病患者早期即存在左室舒张功能异常,运用定量组织速度成像技术检测糖尿病患者左室舒张功能可检出松弛延迟和血流频谱假性正常化的病例.     

超声心动图组织多普勒技术对2型糖尿病左心室功能的研究

目的讨论组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术在评价2型糖尿病患者(T2DM)左室功能方面的应用价值,分析T2DM患者左室功能变化。方法对T2DM患者50例(T2DM组)及正常组50例(NC组)人员,常规超声心动图测量左室各数值后,Simpson's法测量射血分数(LVEF);应用脉冲多普勒(PDE)检测二尖瓣口舒张期血流频谱,分别为E、A,并计算E/A。应用TDI技术获取二尖瓣环平面左室运动频谱,分别为Vs、Ve、Va,并计算Ve/Va,然后计算六个壁平均值分别为mVs、mVe、mVa、mVe/Va。对以上结果进行比较分析。结果收缩功能:T2DM组与NC组的LVEF均在正常范围,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而T2DM组二尖瓣环mVs明显低于NC组(P0.05)。舒张功能:T2DM组Ve、Ve/Va、E/A均低于NC组(P0.05);T2DM组Va、A均高于NC组;T2DM组舒张功能异常检出率TDI法为68.3%,高于PDE法的33.3%(P0.01)。结论 T2DM患者存在左室收缩、舒张功能异常,TDI技术可为评价左室功能提供更为敏感的定量指标。     

定量组织多普勒速度成像评价肥厚型心肌病左室功能的研究

目的:探讨定量组织多普勒速度成像技术(QTVI)评价肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者左室心肌收缩与舒张功能的价值。方法:应用QTVI获取30例正常人和30例HCM患者左室长轴方向不同室壁即左室前壁、后壁、下壁、侧壁及室间隔的心肌多普勒速度曲线。分别测量正常人与HCM患者上述不同左室壁心肌运动收缩期峰值速度(Vs)、加速度(a)、快速充盈期和心房收缩期的速度(Ve和Va)、收缩期内外膜峰值速度阶差(MVG)、二尖瓣舒张期血流频谱E/A值、左室射血分数(LVEF)、Ve/Va值。比较正常人与HCM患者室间隔、HCM患者室间隔与左室其它室壁间的上述参数的差异。结果:①HCM患者肥厚室间隔的Vs、Ve、Va、MVG、a均比正常人室间隔明显降低(P<0.05);②HCM患者E/A比正常人低,Ve?蛐Va与E?蛐A有轻度的相关关系(r=0.734)。③非梗阻型HCM患者肥厚室间隔厚度IVSt与Ve/Va有负相关关系(r=-0.614)。④HCM患者E/A值比正常人低(P<0.05)。结论:QTVI可定量评价HCM患者左室心肌功能,为进一步了解HCM局部心肌收缩舒张功能变化及其局部与整体心肌功能变化关系提供较为敏感、精确的方法。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。