生长激素在高龄病人腹部手术后的应用

目的:探讨高龄病人腹部手术后生长激素的应用. 方法:将近2年我院收治26例腹部手术的高龄病人随机分为治疗组及对照组,于手术后第2天开始,每天皮下分别注射重组人生长激素8 U或等渗盐水2 ml,连续7天,并应用肠外营养.术前及术后第3、8天测体重、血清清蛋白、右手握力、睡眠时间及拆线天数. 结果:术后血清清蛋白水平提高、体重增加、右手握力及睡眠时间的恢复,实验组均明显优于对照组(P<0.01).拆线时间实验组也短于对照组. 结论:生长激素能使高龄病人蛋白质合成增加,促进切口愈合,并可减轻术后疲劳综合征.     

The relationship between the acute changes in the systemic inflammatory response, lipid soluble antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxidation following elective knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of the present study was to examine the time course of the change in the concentrations of plasma retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein, lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene (antioxidant vitamins) and malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation) in patients following elective knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Patients (n=20) who underwent an elective knee arthroplasty, had venous blood samples withdrawn pre-operatively and at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h after the start of surgery for the analysis of circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and malondialdehyde and also the lipid soluble antioxidants vitamins. RESULTS: Over the study period of 0-168 h there was a significant increase in circulating C-reactive protein concentrations (peak 48 h, P<0.001) and a significant fall in albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (trough 48 h, P<0.001). Malondialdehyde concentrations fell by approximately 35% (P<0.001) during the study period. However, they did not alter significantly over the study period when adjusted for triglyceride (P=0.309). The plasma concentrations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein, lycopene, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene all fell (P0.001). When adjusted for cholesterol, the reductions in plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, lutein, lycopene, and beta-carotene in the post-operative period were no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that, in apparently healthy subjects undergoing an acute inflammatory insult, circulating lipid soluble vitamin antioxidants are transiently reduced. However, when corrected for lipids the concentrations were similar to those of baseline. In the absence of an increase in lipid peroxidation such falls in plasma concentrations of lipid soluble vitamins are unlikely to be a reliable measure of status.     

Postoperative insulin resistance and circulating concentrations of stress hormones and cytokines

Insulin sensitivity was determined before and after elective surgery in 31 otherwise healthy patients undergoing elective surgery for open cholecystectomy (n = 24) or inguinal hernia repair (n = 7) and compared with concomitant plasma concentrations of stress hormones and cytokines. Insulin sensitivity was determined employing the normoglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp at a plasma insulin concentration of 380 pmol/I and a blood glucose concentration of 4.5 mmol/I. Five of the patients undergoing cholecystectomy were studied again on days 5, 9 and 20 after surgery. Preoperative insulin sensitivity ranged from 2.2 to 14.3 mg/kg/min. All patients exhibited reduced insulin sensitivity on the first postoperative day and the mean value fell from 4.7 (0.4) to 2.7 (0.5) mg/kg/min. More pronounced reductions were found after cholecystectomy. A significant increase was found in plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) postoperatively as compared to preoperative values. However, no significant changes were seen in the postoperative plasma concentrations of any of the hormones studied in patients undergoing hernia repair, while minor increments were seen in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy. There was a significant (r = 0.50, P = 0.005) linear relationship between the reduction in relative insulin sensitivity and the concomitant plasma levels of IL-6. However, no such relation could be confirmed between the changes in plasma hormone concentrations (neither absolute nor relative changes) and the simultaneous alteration in relative insulin sensitivity. In addition, after including three patients who had undergone ileo-anal pouch construction surgery, the relationship between postoperative insulin sensitivity and IL-6 levels was even stronger (r = 0.62, P = 0.001). These results suggest that the immunomodulating effects of endogenous IL-6 is of importance in the acute response after surgery and are associated with the development of insulin resistance, while simultaneous plasma concentrations of stress hormones seem to be less sensitive markers of the degree of postoperative metabolic disturbance.     

Alpha-ketoglutarate-supplemented enteral nutrition: effects on postoperative nitrogen balance and muscle catabolism

Enteral feeding in the early postoperative phase may improve gut integrity and reduce infectious complications after trauma and surgery. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of alpha-ketoglutarate enrichment of enteral feeding and the effect on protein metabolism after major surgery.Patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to receive a standard whole-protein-based enteral nutrition solution (n = 9) or an isonitrogenous, isocaloric solution enriched with alpha-ketoglutarate (n = 11) for 5 d postoperatively. The nutritional goals by day 4 were 25 kcal and 0.17 g of nitrogen, respectively, per kilogram of body weight every 24 h. Standard blood analysis, including prealbumin and C-peptide, was performed preoperatively and on days 1, 3, and 6. Urine was collected daily for nitrogen and 3-methylhistidine analyses.Due to restricted tolerance to enteral feeding, the nitrogen delivery reached only 0.10 g of nitrogen per kilogram of body weight. Transthyretin decreased by 25% in both groups, and albumin decreased significantly in the enriched group compared with the standard nutrition. There were no significant differences in nitrogen balance, excretion of 3-methylhistidine, or clinical outcome between groups.Enrichment of a whole-protein-based formula with alpha-ketoglutarate did not improve protein metabolism or decrease muscle catabolism after major abdominal surgery.     

The relationship between plasma and red cell concentrations of vitamins thiamine diphosphate, flavin adenine dinucleotide and pyridoxal 5-phosphate following elective knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Water soluble vitamins B1, B2 and B6 are essential precursors for a wide variety of coenzymes involved in intermediary metabolism and their status is usually assessed from blood samples. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between plasma and intra-cellular B-vitamins following the systemic inflammatory response of surgery. METHODS: Patients (n = 10) who underwent an elective knee arthroplasty, had venous blood samples withdrawn pre-operatively and at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h after the start of surgery for the analysis of circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein and albumin and also plasma and/ or red cell thiamine diphosphate (TDP), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) as indicators of vitamins B1, B2, and B6 status respectively. RESULTS: Pre-operative, baseline vitamin assessments were all within population reference ranges. Over the study period of 0-168 h there was a significant increase in circulating C-reactive protein concentrations (peak 48 h, P < 0.001) and a significant fall in albumin concentrations (trough 48 h, P < 0.001). Plasma FAD and PLP concentrations fell transiently (P < 0.001) by approximately 40% reaching their nadir at approximately 48 h. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that plasma concentrations of FAD and PLP are transiently reduced following an inflammatory insult and therefore unlikely to be a reliable measure of status in the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. It may be that during such a response red cell concentrations provide a more reliable measure.     

Nutritional, respiratory, and psychological effects of recombinant human growth hormone in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been shown to have powerful anabolic effects and to reduce or even prevent nitrogen catabolism in stressed patients. The effects of rhGH on functional parameters are less clearly defined. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of perioperative rhGH on nutritional markers, skeletal muscle function, and psychological well-being in patients undergoing infrarenal, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. METHODS: Thirty-three patients undergoing elective infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair were randomized to one of three groups: (1) control (n = 12): placebo for 6 days before and after surgery; (2) preop + postop (n = 10): rhGH (Genotropin; Pharmacia Ltd, Uppsala, Sweden) 0.3 IU/kg/d for 6 days before and after surgery; and (3) postop (n = 11): placebo for 6 days before and rhGH 0.3 IU/kg/d for 6 days after surgery. Patients were assessed on days -7 and -1 before surgery and days 7, 14, and 60 after surgery. RESULTS: Administration of rhGH resulted in increased insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, the increase being significantly more marked in the group given rhGH preoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative rhGH reduced the postoperative decrease in both serum transferrin and grip strength at day 7 by 30% and 70%, respectively. Postoperative respiratory function and arterial oxygenation also were improved, with significant differences in arterial oxygenation between rhGH-treated and untreated groups. No difference in mood was seen between groups after surgery, nor was there any difference between subjective assessment of fatigue scores between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study indicates that rhGH administered preoperatively has beneficial effects on skeletal muscle and respiratory function and may be more useful than postoperative rhGH administration alone.     

The short and long term effect of gastric partitioning surgery on serum protein levels

The morbidly obese who undergo elective gastric partitioning surgery serve as models of surgical stress and subsequent severe protein calorie restriction. The short and long term effects of gastric partitioning surgery on circulating proteins and the specific micronutrients carried by the proteins were studied in 22 such patients (ages 23-56 years). Serum micronutrient values paralleled the levels of their carrier proteins. Mean concentrations of both short and long turnover proteins decreased significantly in the early postoperative period, whereas the acute phase reactant ceruloplasmin reached preoperative levels by the seventh postoperative day. Transthyretin and retinol binding protein remained depressed with long term reductions in protein and calorie intake, whereas ceruloplasmin and transferrin were somewhat less sensitive to prolonged protein-calorie restriction. Mean serum albumin, after an initial postoperative fall, rose to the baseline level by 1 month after surgery. Serum albumin levels remained within the normal range despite low protein and calorie intakes.     

The short and long term effect of gastric partitioning surgery on serum protein levels.

The morbidly obese who undergo elective gastric partitioning surgery serve as models of surgical stress and subsequent severe protein calorie restriction. The short and long term effects of gastric partitioning surgery on circulating proteins and the specific micronutrients carried by the proteins were studied in 22 such patients (ages 23-56 years). Serum micronutrient values paralleled the levels of their carrier proteins. Mean concentrations of both short and long turnover proteins decreased significantly in the early postoperative period, whereas the acute phase reactant ceruloplasmin reached preoperative levels by the seventh postoperative day. Transthyretin and retinol binding protein remained depressed with long term reductions in protein and calorie intake, whereas ceruloplasmin and transferrin were somewhat less sensitive to prolonged protein-calorie restriction. Mean serum albumin, after an initial postoperative fall, rose to the baseline level by 1 month after surgery. Serum albumin levels remained within the normal range despite low protein and calorie intakes.     

全胃切除术后早期管饲效果研究

目的评价全胃切除术后早期管饲的安全性，比较术后短期管饲与标准肠外营养支持的疗效。方法对我院1998年1月～2000年1月20例全胃切除术后病人随机分为管饲营养组和肠外营养组，试验周期为术后7天。全部病人均为全胃切除空肠p型代胃，食管空肠吻合口距远端空肠吻合口为40cm，鼻肠管放置于远端空肠吻合口以下。管饲营养组术后第2天开始管饲，第1次滴入生理盐水500ml，4小时后滴入安素250ml(250kcal)，再4小时后滴入安素250ml(250kcal)，速度均为40～50ml/h。以后每日分为三次，间隔3～4小时。术后第3天，滴入安素750～1000ml(750～1000kcal)，速度为60～80ml/h。第4～7天，滴入安素1500～1750ml(1500～1750kcal)，速度为100～120ml/h。肠外营养组能量25～30kcal*kg-1*d-1供给。检测体重、机体测量指标、水电解质变化(包括出入量、尿比重、尿糖、尿丙酮、血清电解质、血糖)、血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血清尿素氮、肌酐、血清总胆固醇、血清甘油三脂和外周血淋巴细胞。结果本组病例均未发生吻合口瘘，管饲营养组和肠外营养组在体重、机体测量指标、血浆蛋白浓度、氮平衡指标、外周血淋巴细胞均无显著差异。讨论全胃切除术后早期管饲营养的方法安全有效，管饲营养与肠外营养效果基本相近。管饲营养密切观察护理，及时调节滴入速度，不会引起误吸、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、低蛋白血症和电解质紊乱的症状发生。费用低，适合于基层医院开展。     

Decreased plasma fibronectin during starvation in man

This study evaluated the effect of 5 days of starvation followed by 5 days of refeeding on immunoreactive plasma and serum fibronectin and associated opsonic activity as studied by peritoneal macrophage monolayer bioassay in 12 healthy women volunteers. The temporal alteration of fibronectin was compared with the serum albumin, total iron-binding capacity, and retinol-binding protein levels. Fibronectin concentration and opsonic activity were also determined in two cachectic patients who were 61 and 78% of their ideal body weight. Prior to starvation, plasma fibronectin was 292 +/- 20 micrograms/ml and serum fibronectin was 182 +/- 16 in all subjects. After 5 days of starvation, immunoreactive fibronectin decreased (p less than 0.05) by 20-25%. This decrease was not great enough to impair opsonic activity as tested by the in vitro macrophage assay. Starvation caused no decrease in serum albumin or total iron-binding capacity, although retinol-binding protein decreased by 35%. During refeeding, subjects were randomized to a diet with (n = 6) and without (n = 6) carbohydrate. After 5 days of refeeding, fibronectin levels were normalized on the carbohydrate-containing diet, but were still low (82% of normal) on the carbohydrate-free diet. Retinol-binding protein did not fully normalize after 5 days of refeeding. In the two cachectic patients, fibronectin levels prior to total parenteral nutrition were 25 and 75% of normal. Thus, starvation can lower fibronectin levels and this protein is rapidly restored with adequate nutrition.     

Postoperative hypoproteinemia in cancer patients following extensive abdominal surgery despite parenteral nutritional support

Determination of the predictors of hypoproteinemia among cancer patients following extensive surgery may enhance their nutritional management and clinical outcome. This study evaluated the predictive factors of postoperative hypoproteinemia among cancer patients following extensive abdominal surgery. An age- and gender-matched case-control study (n = 115) was conducted among cancer patients undergoing extensive (cases; n = 81) and moderate (controls; n = 34) abdominal surgery. Case patients received total parenteral nutrition (TPN), including 3 units of fresh frozen plasma and 200 mL 5% human albumin solution, for 8 postoperative days (POD). Case patients had lower mean total serum protein (TSP) levels throughout POD 8 (F value = 13.81; P = 0.001). Despite TPN, cases had greatest mean (±SD) TSP percent change on POD 1 (-24.6% ± 13.0, vs. -12.6% ± 9.2; P < 0.0001) and did not regain preoperative levels (POD 8: -14.3% ± 12.5 vs. 6.9% ± 13.4; P = 0.006). The likelihood of hypoproteinemia in this group was greatest on POD 3 (OR = 30.57; 95% CI 5.44-171.83). Multivariate regression analyses indicated that the determinants of postoperative hypoproteinemia were age [Adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08), preoperative TSP (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI 0.23-0.92), and extensive surgery (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.01-6.95). Tailored nutritional support, regarding extent of surgery, preoperative TSP, and patient age are needed to deter the occurrence of postoperative hypoproteinemia and consequent adverse surgical outcome among cancer patients.     

含橄榄油脂肪乳剂在肝叶切除患者术后肠外营养中的应用

目的 研究含橄榄油脂肪乳剂在肝叶切除患者术后肠外营养中应用的安全性和有效性.方法 31例选择性肝叶切除术后患者按入院顺序用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=16)和研究组(n=15),两组患者在术后48～72 h后接受连续6 d的等氮、等热量的肠外营养支持.研究组使用含橄榄油脂肪乳,对照组使用标准的中/长链脂肪乳.分别于术前和术后第1天、第7天取患者清晨空腹外周静脉血,检测肝功能指标和血浆蛋白水平,并观察脂肪乳的安全性和术后患者恢复情况.结果 两组患者术前总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、白蛋白和前白蛋白具有可比性(P均>0.05).两组患者术后的安全性及肝功能指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),但研究组术后第7天血浆总蛋白、自蛋白和前白蛋白较对照组更快恢复到正常水平,与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义[(57.57±9.84)g/L比(47.76±6.53)g/L,P=0.000;(31.29±3.11)g/L比(26.34±4.87)g/L,P=0.000;(0.188±0.059)g/L比(0.103±0.037)g/L,P=0.000],住院时间也明显缩短[(13.1±1.2)d比(15.2±1.1)d,P=0.041].研究组与对照组的并发症发生率分别为26.7%和31.3%.结论 含橄榄油脂肪乳剂具有很好的耐受性,能够促进术后血浆蛋白的恢复;可能有益于缩短术后住院时间,但对术后并发症发生率无明显影响.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of an olive oil-based lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition in patients after hepatectomy.Methods Thirty-one postoperative patients with elective hepateetomy were randomized to receive isonitrogenous,isocalorie parenteral nutrition over 6 days after liver lobectomy(48-72hours)with either olive oil-based lipid emulsion(study group,n=15)or standard soybean oil emulsion(control group,n=16).The liver function and plasma protoins were assessed using peripheral venous blood collected before surgery,one day after surgery,and 7 days after surgery.The safety profiles of emulsion supports and postoperative rehabilitation were also assessed.Results The preoperative serum levels of total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,alanine amiotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,total protein,albumin,and prealbumin were comparable between the two groups(all P>0.05).Although the Postoperative safety profile and liver function were not significantly different between two groups(all P>0.05),plasma total proteins,albumin,and prealbumin returned to the normal levels significantly faster in the study group than in control group[(57.57±9.84)g/L vs.(47.76±6.53)g/L,P=0.000;(31.29±3.11)g/L vs.(26.34±4.87)g/L,P=0.000;(0.188±0.059)g/L vs.(0.103±0.037)g/L,P=0.000]on the 7th Postoperative day,and the Postoperative hospital stay was also significantly shorter in the study group[(13.1±1.2)d vs.(15.2±1.1)d,P=0.041].The incidence of postoperative complications in study group and control group was 26.7%and 31.3%.respectively.Conclusions Treatment with the new olive oil-based lipid emulsion is weU tolerated in hepatectomy patients.It can speed up plasma proteins recovery and may shorten postoperative hospital stay,although it does not remarkably decrease the incidence of postoperative complications.     

川芎嗪对体外循环心脏手术血浆神经元特异性烯醇化酶及术后认知功能障碍作用的初步探讨

目的探讨川芎嗪对体外循环(CPB)心脏手术围术期血浆神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)及术后认知功能障碍(POCD)发生率的影响。方法选择择期CPB下行二尖瓣人工瓣膜置换术患者24例,随机分为对照组和川芎嗪组,每组各12例。川芎嗪组:CPB转流前及循环开放后经中心静脉5min内静滴川芎嗪注射液4mg/kg,术后两天每天继续静滴4mg/kg。对照组以等量生理盐水代替。两组分别于CPB前、主动脉开放后30min、术毕、术后24h、术后48h采血测定NSE浓度,在术前1天和术后第7天进行神经心理测试。结果 23例患者完成研究。两组在主动脉开放后30min、术毕的NSE浓度较CPB前明显升高(P<0.05),其余时间无明显差异;川芎嗪组在主动脉开放后30min、术毕时的NSE浓度比对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。对照组与川芎嗪组术后7天POCD发生率分别为27%和25%,两组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论本研究剂量的川芎嗪能有效降低CPB期间血浆NSE浓度,但对术后POCD发生率未见显著影响。     

The protein metabolic response to short-term starvation in man

Plasma protein concentrations, in particular the serum albumin concentration, are often quoted as indicators of nutritional state in surgical patients. Injury also affects the circulating concentrations of these proteins. Twenty students were subjected to a 3-day total fast and the concentration of plasma proteins, generally affected by trauma, determined before and after the fast. The only protein to show any negative response was retinal binding protein which fell by 16% during the starvation period (p < 0.001). Albumin, the protein often used as a nutritional index, demonstrated a significant (p < 0.001) increase during this period. This was not related to changes in the hydration state of the subjects.     

Limited effects of micronutrient supplementation on strength and physical function after abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy

BACKGROUND: Tissue injury following ischemia-reperfusion is mediated in part by free oxygen radicals. We hypothesized that perioperative micronutrient supplementation would augment antioxidant defenses, minimize muscle injury, and minimize postoperative decreases in muscle strength and physical function following abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. SETTING: A university-affiliated hospital and regional referral center. DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of supplementation with beta-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc, and selenium for a period of 2-3 weeks prior to surgery and 1 week thereafter. STUDY POPULATION: Patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy (n=18 per group). PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS: Handgrip and other measures of strength and physical function. RESULTS: Handgrip and quadriceps strength decreased following surgery, but not to a significantly different extent in the placebo and supplemented groups. Self-rated physical function decreased following surgery in the placebo group and was preserved in the supplemented group. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative supplementation with micronutrients with antioxidant properties has limited effects on strength and physical function following major elective surgery.     

Corticotropin-releasing factor is present in intestinal tissue of patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction following shock and abdominal surgery

ObjectiveCorticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is implicated in stress-related gastrointestinal dysfunction, possibly causing gut dysfunction following trauma and surgery. We investigated plasma and intestinal tissue CRF levels and gut function in patients with traumatic shock or those undergoing elective abdominal surgery.Research methods and proceduresIn a prospective, parallel, observational study in a university hospital surgical intensive care unit (ICU), 8 shocked patients (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg and/or acidosis and/or urine output <1 mL/kg/hr and/or requiring >2 L of intravenous fluid resuscitation) undergoing small bowel resection during emergency laparotomy following abdominal injury and 17 stable patients undergoing elective hepatobiliary surgery were included if they required postoperative ICU management. Serial plasma and intestinal CRF was measured and postoperative gastric emptying and intestinal permeability were evaluated.ResultsPlasma CRF was significantly increased in the shocked patients compared with the elective surgery patients at all times. CRF peptide was quantified in intestinal tissue at similar levels in both groups. Intestinal permeability was increased and associated with shock and resuscitation fluid volume. Gastric emptying was retarded and correlated significantly with shock but not with plasma CRF. Delayed gastric emptying in shocked patients was associated with longer ICU stay.ConclusionsThe novel finding is the presence of CRF in the small bowel of both elective and emergency gastrointestinal surgery patients with concomitant gastrointestinal dysfunction. Circulating CRF is associated with poor gastric emptying, which prolongs ICU stay, whereas shock significantly impairs gastric emptying and gut permeability.     

Repeatability of grip strength and dexterity tests and the effects of age and gender

OBJECTIVES: Users of hand-held vibratory tools report reductions in grip strength and manual dexterity. This study quantified the test-retest repeatability of grip strength and manual dexterity tests, investigated effects of gender and age, and determined normative measures in different subject groups. METHODS: A total of 72 subjects in four groups (both genders and two age ranges) participated: men and women aged 18 to 25 years and 45 to 55 years. Grip strength was measured with a hand-held dynamometer, and dexterity measured with the Purdue pegboard. We assessed repeatability using one subject group (18 to 25-year-old men) who attended over three successive weeks. RESULTS: Repeated measures of grip strength were correlated for both hands and for each combination of weekly tests (P=0.01), and there were no significant changes in strength over weeks. Repeated measures of dexterity were correlated in both hands (P=0.01) for all test combinations, except between weeks 1 and 3 in the non-dominant hand (P=0.15). Further analysis suggested an improvement in dexterity, consistent with a practice effect. In both age groups, grip strength of the men was significantly greater than that of the women (P<0.01), but there were no gender differences in dexterity scores (P>0.1). There were no significant effects of age for either grip strength or dexterity (P>0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Both tests showed sufficient repeatability, with no age effect on either grip or manual dexterity (between approximately 20 to 55 years), although a decline in grip and dexterity is expected at greater ages. Dexterity scores were similar in both genders for the groups studied. Grip strength was greater in men. Occupational effects might exist for both tests, irrespective of any occupational disorder, and might be reflected in increases or decreases in grip strength and dexterity.     

广州市6~9岁儿童握力及握力指数研究

目的 探讨广州市6~9岁儿童握力及握力指数大小,为儿童肌肉和力量发育评估及临床测试标准提供参考依据。方法 2016年1-12月在广州市招募474名6~9岁儿童,采用Jamar握力计进行握力测试,并测量体重,计算握力体质量指数。结果 以1岁为一个年龄段,6~9岁男童左(右)手握力均值±标准差分别为7.9±1.7(8.5±1.9),9.5±2.0(10.3±2.3),11.0±2.8(11.6±3.0),12.3±2.5(13.2±2.8)kg;女生分别为7.3±2.0(7.7±2.0),8.3±1.6(8.9±1.7),9.8±2.3(10.7±2.5),10.2±2.2(11.4±2.7)kg;男童左(右)手握力指数均值±标准差分别为36.1±7.3(38.9±7.5),39.1±7.7(42.3±8.0),38.7±7.9(41.2±8.7),38.5±9.6(41.0±10.0);女童则分别为35.2±8.8(36.6±8.3),36.1±6.5(38.7±6.3),37.0±7.7(40.3±8.0),37.4±7.6(41.6±9.0)。男、女童右手握力、握力指数均显著高于左手,同侧手男生握力、握力指数在各年龄段均显著高于女生(P<0.05)。随着年龄增加,男女童握力均显著增高。男生左右手握力指数及女生左手握力指数在各年龄段间差异无统计学意义。结论 初步建立了广州市6~9岁学龄儿童握力、握力指数的参考值范围。     

腹部手术病人早期少量肠道喂养的临床研究

目的观察少量早期肠道喂养(EEF)对腹部手术病人的安全性和作用.方法行腹部大中型手术病人48例,分对照(PN)组24例,研究(PN加EEF)组24例.2组采用等氮等热卡,研究组术后20小时给予肠内营养.结果2组病人术后3天、7天体重,血浆白蛋白、氮平衡比较,差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).结论术后早期少量进食能增强PN的营养支持和治疗效果,无副作用,病人有无腹胀是能否进行EEF的重要指标.     

腹部手术病人在肠外营养基础上早期少量肠道喂养的临床研究

目的观察腹部手术后早期少量肠道喂养的作用和安全性。方法选取我院99年7月至1月的腹部大中型手术病人30例,随机分为研究组15例(肠外营养+早期喂养),男9例,女6例,平均50.1岁(24～68)。对照组15例(单纯肠外营养)男10例,女5例,平均为48.2岁(23～70)。病种研究组和对照组肠道病分别为3例,5例,胃病分别为4例、3例,结肠疾病为5例、4例,直肠为3例,3例,两组采用等热量等氮量的肠外营养。研究组于术后24小时给予少量小于总能量的15%)。术后3天,7天对患者的体重,血浆白蛋白,氮平衡和胃肠功能恢复时间进行比较。结果2组病人术后3天体重均有下降,而对照组下降明显,与治疗组比较差异有显著性P<0.05,术后7天病人体重回升,治疗组更明显,与对照组比较差异有显著性P<0.05。两组血浆白蛋白明显下降,与术前比较差异有显著性P<0.05,术后7天治疗组升高至34.2±3.0与对照组31.9±3.05比较差异有显著性P<0.01。氮平衡术后3天,7天治疗组均比对照组获得更好的氮平衡,两组对比差异显著P<0.01。治疗组肠蠕动恢复时间对照组提前,两组对比差异显著P<0.01。治疗组置胃管时间缩短,减少肺部并发症发生。结论术后早期少量肠道喂养能辅助肠外营养的支持和治疗作用,促进胃肠功能恢复,维护胃肠粘膜屏障功能,减少术后并发症,无副作用。