TRICKS血管造影与常规MRI结合在四肢软组织病变中的应用价值

目的：研究TRICKS血管造影与常规MRI结合在四肢软组织病变中的应用价值.材料和方法：对67例四肢软组织病变患者先行常规MRI平扫,注入对比剂后用对比动力学时间分辨率成像（Time resolved imaging of contrast kinetics,TRICKS）技术进行动态血管造影,最后用腹部常用的LAVA技术进行增强扫描.扫描结束后,人为将67例分成2组,A组为常规MR组（平扫＋增强）,B组是在A组的基础上增加TRICKS血管造影,2组分别对病变进行定性诊断,并各自与手术病理进行对照.结果：所有病例均顺利完成TRICKS血管造影和常规MRI检查,TRICKS血管造影能清晰显示病变区域动静脉的充盈情况和动态变化.A组诊断肿瘤与非肿瘤病变的准确性为89.5％,敏感性和特异性分别为96.2％、64.2％;B组诊断肿瘤与非肿瘤的准确性为95.5％,敏感性和特异性分别为98.1％、85.7％.两组间在肿瘤和非肿瘤判定上有显著差异（P＜0.05）.A组对良恶性病变诊断的准确性为83.5％,敏感性和特异性分别为92％、78.5％;B组对良恶性病变诊断的准确性为94％,敏感性和特异性分别为96％、92.9％.两组间在病变的良恶性判定上有显著差异（P＜0.05）.结论：TRICKS血管造影技术与常规MRI结合能提供更全面的病变信息,TRICKS血管造影可以作为四肢软组织病变检查的常规序列并替代DSA检查.     

GE1.5T磁共振TRICKS成像技术在颈部动脉血管成像中应用研究

目的:探讨GE1.5T磁共振时间分辨对比动态成像(TRICKS)技术在颈部动脉血管成像中应用价值.方法:选择2018年8月至2021年3月来我院就诊及住院治疗60例疑似颈部动脉供血不足及颈部动脉血管异常患者,均行TRICKS成像技术、数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查.以DSA检查结果为金标准,分析TRICKS技术对不同位...     

TRICKS技术在四肢肌肉骨骼疾病中的应用

目的 研究时间分辨对比剂动态显像技术(TRICKS)在四肢肌肉骨骼肿瘤中的应用价值.方法 对22例四肢肌肉骨骼肿瘤行常规平扫,注入对比剂后应用TRICKS技术行动态血管造影,最后行常规增强扫描,分析全部病例的图像质量和病变显示情况并与手术病理对照.结果 所有病例均顺利完成TRICKS检查,TRICKS图像动态显示了动静脉的充盈情况和动脉结构.定性诊断与病理诊断相符.结论 TRICKS技术操作简单,能够在不影响常规增强扫描的情况下动态的观察血管情况,可以作为四肢骨骼软组织肿瘤MR检查的常规序列.     

磁共振对比增强血管成像联合常规磁共振成像对脊髓血管母细胞瘤的诊断价值

目的:分析磁共振对比增强血管成像(CE-MRA)联合常规磁共振成像(c MRI)对脊髓血管母细胞瘤显示的影像学特征,旨在提高对脊髓血管母细胞瘤的诊断。方法:搜集经术后病理证实17例脊髓血管母细胞瘤c MRI和CE-MRA影像学资料,回顾性分析脊髓血管母细胞瘤影像特征。结果:17例脊髓血管母细胞瘤患者中病灶分布于颈髓5例,于胸髓12例。呈实质性结节型6例,囊肿伴空洞型11例。病灶直径<10mm 11例,病灶直径>10 mm 6例。对于病灶直径较大的患者,c MRI可以发现其周围迂曲的流空血管信号。CE-MRA可以清晰显示病灶实质、供血动脉及粗大的引流静脉。结论:脊髓血管母细胞瘤的CE-MRA及c MRI具有特征表现,CE-MRA可以显示肿瘤的供血动脉和引流静脉,是确诊脊髓血管母细胞瘤的有益补充。     

门静脉海绵样变的MRI表现

目的探讨门静脉海绵样变(CTPV)的MRI表现,评价MRI诊断CTPV的临床价值及意义.方法分析38例经手术病理或DSA证实的CTPV患者的MRI平扫、动态增强及动态对比增强磁共振血管成像(DCE-MRA)表现.结果CTPV的MRI平扫,所有病例门静脉主干或分支闭塞,周围可见由侧支静脉形成的团块状、网状异常软组织信号影;动态增强MRI,动脉期17例出现肝实质灌注异常,门静脉期全部病例见异常侧支静脉强化;DCE-MRA能直观显示上述改变.结论MRI平扫、动态增强及DCE-MRA检查对CTPV诊断具有重要价值,门静脉闭塞及其周围海绵样侧支静脉扩张为其特征性征象.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的MRI表现与病理对照分析

目的：分析肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）的平扫和动态增强的MRI表现及诊断价值，提高FNH诊断的准确率。方法：回顾性分析15例（16个病灶）经病理证实的FNH的平扫及动态增强MRI表现。结果：16个病灶于T1WI呈略低信号或等信号，T2WI呈略高信号或等信号。增强扫描动脉期呈明显强化，在门脉期及延迟期呈等或略高强化。5个病灶在平扫MRI上显示中央瘢痕，11个病灶在动态增强MRI上显示中央瘢痕，均见延迟强化。结论：平扫和动态增强MRI检查能较全面显示FNH的病理特征和血供特点，明显地提高与其他富血管恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断能力。     

脑静脉窦血栓形成的影像学特征分析

目的探讨脑静脉窦血栓(CVST)形成的电子计算机断层扫描(CT)及磁共振成像(MRI)表现特征。 方法回顾性分析2014年11月至2018年3月,江苏省丰县人民医院神经内科收治的14例CVST患者的临床及影像学资料。所有患者均行CT及MRI平扫,3例行MRI增强扫描,5例行磁共振静脉血管成像(MRV),2例行磁共振动脉血管成像(MRA)。观察CVST累及区域范围及周围情况、平扫密度或信号特征及颅内伴发病变等。 结果全部患者均累及2个以上静脉窦,7例患者CT平扫见受累静脉窦明显高密度,MR平扫10例患者可见受累静脉窦T1WI明显高信号或混杂信号,T2WI及FLAIR均可见受累静脉窦高信号。3例行MRI增强扫描患者中,受累及静脉窦呈完全强化2例,部分性强化1例。CT及MRI提示左颞叶出血性梗死1例,矢状窦旁占位2例,丘脑出血性梗死1例,皮层蛛网膜下腔出血2例。MRV均可见受累静脉窦显影不规则、狭窄或完全不显影及侧支代偿血管形成。 结论MRI平扫可显示CVST的特征,CT平扫部分患者显示CVST的特征,CT及MRI平扫均可显示CVST的颅内伴发病变。识别CVST的静脉窦CT及MRI平扫特征及可能的颅内继发病变影像学表现,并结合MRV检查有助于准确诊断。     

常规磁共振成像结合磁共振泌尿系水成像对膀胱癌及其分期的诊断价值

目的:探讨在对膀胱癌诊断及分期判定中,采取常规磁共振成像(M R I)联合磁共振泌尿系水成像(M R U)的诊断价值.方法:选取50例经由病理检查确诊为膀胱癌的患者作为研究对象,对患者均进行常规MRI平扫、增强扫描,并实施MRU价检查,对影像进行分析,探讨MRI联合MRU诊断同病理诊断对膀胱癌的检出及分期判定的价值,且...     

旋转DSA三维重建技术在肝脏肿瘤介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨旋转DSA三维重建技术在肝脏肿瘤介入治疗中的应用价值。方法应用Philips Allura Xper FD20数字减影血管造影(DSA)系统对47例肝脏肿瘤患者行常规DSA及旋转DSA检查,并将旋转DSA图像传至3DRA工作站进行图像三维重建,运用多种后处理软件显示血管及病灶。结果 47例患者中,旋转DSA三维重建技术均能较好的显示肿瘤供血血管与肿瘤之间的关系,在3DRA工作站上能清楚看到供血动脉的角度;有8例肝癌患者常规DSA无法清晰显示肿瘤供血动脉,行旋转DSA三维重建后,肿瘤供血动脉全部清晰显示;2例肝癌患者在大的主病灶周围有较小的子病灶,其供血动脉常规DSA观察不清,旋转DSA三维重建后显示清楚。结论旋转DSA三维重建技术在肝脏肿瘤介入治疗中有较大优势,在显示肿瘤与供血动脉关系上优于常规DSA,是对常规DSA的重要补充。     

MRI常规平扫结合动态增强扫描诊断肾细胞癌

目的探讨MRI常规平扫结合动态增强在诊断肾癌中的价值.方法45例共46个肾细胞癌和7例血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者行MRI常规平扫及动态增强扫描,与手术病理结果对照分析MRI常规及动态增强表现.结果肾细胞癌(73.9%,34/46)平扫以混杂信号为主要表现,但颗粒细胞癌(83.3%,5/6)以等或低信号为主.82.6%(38/46)可见假包膜,60.9%(28/46)可见肿瘤滋养血管,47.8%(22/46)出现坏死或囊性变.动态增强,皮质期明显增强42.5%(17/40),轻中度增强57.5%(23/40).7个血管平滑肌脂肪瘤中4个出现脂肪或脂质信号,动态增强皮质期明显增强28.6%(2/7),轻度增强71.4%(5/7).结论MRI常规平扫结合动态增强可以反映肾癌组织学和血供特性,可鉴别其与血管平滑肌脂肪瘤.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.