18F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像在胃癌的应用价值

目的:探讨18SF-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像对于胃癌诊断和转移灶探查及治疗后随访的价值.方法:60例疑似胃癌患者行18F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像,以术后病理结果作为金标准,对18F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像用于原发灶及转移灶诊断的灵敏性、特异性、准确性进行分析,并用于30例胃癌患者治疗后随访.图像分析采用视觉及T/N值(靶与非靶比值).结果:对胃癌原发病灶的定性诊断,灵敏性为80.8%,特异性为90%,准确性为81.7%;30例证实有转移的患者中,局部淋巴结转移20例,12例18F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像为阳性,灵敏性为60%(12/20);对肿瘤远处组织或器官转移的检出,10例中8例为阳性,灵敏性为80%(8/10).30例胃癌治疗后随访患者,对于复发及转移灶的检测,18F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像灵敏性为90%(18/20),特异性为100%(10/10).结论:18F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像对胃癌诊断的灵敏性高,特异性好;对局部及远处转移的探查有很好的价值,可为临床分期和制定治疗方案提供有益的参考;亦可以用于治疗后随访,早期发现复发和转移灶.     

呋塞米介入^(18)F-FDG PET/CT双时相显像在宫颈癌复发、转移中的应用价值

目的:探讨口服呋塞米介入(~18)F-FDG PET/CT双时相显像在宫颈癌复发、转移中的应用价值。方法:搜集临床可疑宫颈癌复发、转移患者132例。所有患(~18)F-FDG PET/CT常规全身显像后,口服40 mg呋塞米并多饮水,多次排尿,服呋塞米后约2 h憋尿充盈膀胱,再进行(~18)F-FDG PET/CT盆腔延迟显像。评价呋塞米介入(~18)F-FDG PET/CT双时相显像诊断宫颈癌复发的有效性和可靠性。结果:132例患者经组织病理或临床随访证实105例肿瘤复发和转移。(~18)F-FDG PET/CT常规显像诊断宫颈癌术后复发的灵敏度为42.59%(23/54),特异性为98.72%(77/78),准确性为75.76%(100/132),阳性预测值为95.83%(23/24),阴性预测值为71.30%(77/108);(~18)F-FDG PET/CT延迟显像诊断宫颈癌术后复发的灵敏度为98.15%(53/54),特异性为97.44%(76/78),准确性为97.73%(129/132),阳性预测值为96.36%(53/55),阴性预测值为98.70%(76/77);(~18)F-FDG PET/CT常规显像与延迟显像对诊断复发的灵敏度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。105例复发、转移患者中,因排除复发病灶累及临近器官、发现小于1 cm的淋巴结转移灶及发现腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移,因此临床放疗方案改变,占25.8%;因出现远处转移者放弃原来的治疗方案,采用姑息化疗,占16.2%。结论:呋塞米介入(~18)F-FDG PET/CT双时相显像可提高宫颈癌复发和盆腔淋巴结转移的灵敏度,对宫颈癌复发后临床决策、治疗后随访及再分期具有重要的临床应用价值。     

18F-FDG PET/CT诊断浸润性乳腺癌和淋巴结转移的效果

目的:研究并探讨18氟-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT诊断浸润性乳腺癌和淋巴结转移的效果。材料与方法:选取我院2013年1月~2015年12月期间收治且经手术病理确诊的120例浸润性乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均接受18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查、钼靶X线检查,以手术病理诊断结果作为对照,比较18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查、钼靶X线检查对浸润性乳腺癌的阳性检出率,并计算18FFDG PET/CT显像检查、钼靶X线检查对浸润性乳腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性。结果:18FFDG PET/CT显像检查对浸润性乳腺癌的阳性检出率为93.33%,钼靶X线检查对浸润性乳腺癌的阳性检出率为90.83%,两种检查方法相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查对浸润性乳腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为97.70%、96.97%、97.50%,均明显高于钼靶X线检查(P0.05)。结论:18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查对浸润性乳腺癌具有较高的诊断准确性,还可对浸润性乳腺癌的淋巴结转移进行准确诊断。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在宫颈癌中的应用价值

目的：探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT显像在宫颈癌诊断、监测治疗后肿瘤复发与转移中的应用价值。方法：宫颈癌患者60例,均行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像,所有PET、CT及PET/CT融合图像均通过融合软件进行帧对帧对比分析。肿瘤病灶根据病理学检查、影像学检查及临床随访结果确诊。结果：18F-FDG PET/CT显像对宫颈癌病灶检出的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为91.4%（32/35）、92.0%（23/25）、91.7%（55/60）、94.1%（32/34）、88.5%（23/26）。其中7例治疗前患者,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的敏感性为85.7%（6/7）;宫颈癌根治术后尚未进行其他治疗的患者27例,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为90.9%（10/11）、87.5%（14/16）、88.9%（24/27）;经宫颈癌根治术及放化疗综合治疗后的患者26例,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为93.8%（15/16）、100%（10/10）、96.2%（25/26）。与同期其他影像学检查比较,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的敏感性更高,12例提高临床分期,特异性更高,7例降低临床分期。结论：18F-FDG PET/CT显像对于宫颈癌的诊断及残余病灶、复发病灶、转移灶的检出具有重要价值。     

18F-FDG PET/CT对非小细胞肺癌治疗策略的影响

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在妇科恶性肿瘤诊断及综合治疗后复发和转移中的临床价值.方法 对接受18F-FDG PET/CT显像并具有完整临床资料的83例妇科肿瘤病例进行回顾性分析,其中19例为初诊患者,64例为恶性肿瘤综合治疗后患者.结果 ①19例初诊患者中,PET/CT显像均为阳性,其中1例为假阳性,诊断准确性为94.74%(18/19);64例治疗后患者中,PET/CT诊断肿瘤复发或残余的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为95.24%(20/21)、100%(43/43)和98.44%(63/64);②PET/CT诊断淋巴结转移的准确率分别为腹主动脉旁淋巴结98.78%,盆腔淋巴结97.56%、腹股沟淋巴结98.78%;③11例接受2次及2次以上PET/CT检查的患者中,6例根据PET/CT结果更改治疗方案.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT可以早期发现可疑复发或转移病灶,在检测远处转移和小淋巴结转移方面具有独特优势,是监测妇科恶性肿瘤复发和转移的有效检查方法,对于临床制定和调整治疗方案有重要意义.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在评估宫颈癌根治术后转移或复发的价值分析

[目的] 分析18F氟脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG )正电子发射断层显像术/计算机体层摄影术(PET/ CT)评估宫颈癌根治术后转移或复发的临床价值.[方法] 可疑宫颈癌术后复发或转移患者60例,均为宫颈癌根治术术后患者,且有明确病理结果,均进行18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查,与病理及随访结果对照,评定18F-FDG PET/CT在宫颈癌术后转移、复发诊断中的应用价值.[结果] ①18F-FDG PET/CT显像检出宫颈癌根治术后转移或复发阳性47例,阴性13例,其中30例肿瘤转移,17例肿瘤局部复发,其诊断灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为97.83%、85.71%、95.00%,阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为95.74%、90.31%;②18F-FDG PET/CT与病理及随访检查结果一致性较高(P=0.000).[结论] 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对宫颈癌根治术后复发、转移诊断价值高,有其较高的敏感度、特异性、准确性,可为患者的临床治疗提供有效参考.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在恶性黑色素瘤诊断及分期中的应用价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在恶性黑色素瘤诊断及分期中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析61例恶性黑色素瘤患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像,对原发恶性黑色素瘤5例、原发灶未明的淋巴结转移性恶性黑色素瘤16例及恶性黑色素瘤原发灶(不全)切除40例,分别研究PET/CT诊断恶性黑色素瘤原发灶及转移瘤的应用价值.结果 5例原发恶性黑色素瘤病灶均异常摄取FDG, SUV 3.52～14.76,其中2例示区域淋巴结转移并经病理确诊.3例原发灶未明的淋巴结转移性恶性黑色素瘤经18F-FDG PET/CT检出原发灶,原发灶检出率18.75%,其中2例示远处多发转移;另2例患者临床体检发现原发灶,18F-FDG PET/CT未见原发征象.40例恶性黑色素瘤原发灶(不全)切除患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT诊断原发灶残留8例,经病理确诊5例,准确率62.50%;18F-FDG PET/CT示区域淋巴结转移7例,病理确诊5例,阳性预测价值 71.43%;18F-FDG PET/CT 示远处多发转移14例,远处转移率35.00%(14/40);40例患者中,2例因PET/CT显像降低临床分期,11例提高分期,18例患者治疗方案改变.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT在恶性黑色素瘤准确分期方面有较大临床价值,但在淋巴结转移性恶性黑色素瘤寻找原发灶的价值有限.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在泌尿系统肿瘤转移灶寻找中的应用

目的:探讨18F-FDG显像在泌尿系统恶性肿瘤转移病灶方面诊断的价值.方法:58例原发泌尿系统恶性肿瘤患者,其中肾脏透明细胞癌33例、肾脏肉瘤1例、膀胱移行细胞癌20例、输尿管移行细胞癌4例,进行常规18F-FDG PET/CT检查.所有病例均行独立的PET、CT评价,比较PET与CT在泌尿道肿瘤转移灶方面的诊断价值.所有病例均经过1年以上随访观察.结果:58例患者共发现68处病灶,最后证实为转移病灶共61处(45例患者).PET敏感性为98.3%,特异性85.7%,阳性预测值98.36%,阴性预测值98.36%,准确性94%.CT敏感性为88.52%,特异性71.43%,阳性预测值96.43%,阴性预测值41.67%,准确性86.5%.PET/CT的敏感性为95%,特异性100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值70%,准确性96.5%.结论:18F-FDG PET/CT融合显像对泌尿道肿瘤转移病灶的定性、定位诊断有更大的临床意义.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像对胃癌的诊断价值及对临床决策的影响

目的:探讨18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像在胃癌治疗前诊断的价值以及显像结果对治疗决策的影响。方法:对临床怀疑为胃癌的81例患者在治疗前进行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像,通过阅片和半定量分析图像,以手术或经胃镜活检病理及临床随访(>6个月)为确诊依据,评价PET/CT显像对胃癌的诊断价值及对临床治疗决策的影响。结果:81例患者中,胃癌51例,胃良性病变30例。18F-FDG PET/CT诊断胃癌的灵敏度、特异度和准确性分别为94.1%、83.3%和90.1%。对区域淋巴结转移的灵敏度和特异度分别为82.3%和82.4%。21例患者存在腹腔及其他部位转移,PET/CT显像的灵敏度为61.9%(13/21)。8例(15.7%,8/51)胃癌患者显像后更改了治疗方案。结论:18F-FDG PET/CT对胃癌治疗前的诊断具有重要的临床意义,对制定治疗方案有一定的指导价值。     

18F-FDG PET显像在诊断消化道良恶性肿瘤和术后随访中的应用价值

目的通过18F-FDG PET显像在消化道良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断和随访结果,与CT/MR和手术病理结果的对比研究,以评价PET在消化道肿瘤中的临床应用价值.方法消化道恶性肿块13例(胰腺癌10例,直肠癌2例和肝癌1例)、良性肿块5例和恶性肿瘤(胃癌5例,直肠癌4例和肝癌1例)手术治疗后10例共28例患者进行18F-FDG PET全身显像,采用双盲法将PET诊断结果与同期的CT/MR影像结果进行比较.结果 13例消化道恶性肿块PET和CT/MR均见原发灶病变,10例PET显像结果与CT/MR相同,另外3例胰腺癌患者PET显像见腹腔淋巴结和脊柱转移.5例良性消化道占位性病变PET全身显像均阴性,其中1例病例病理诊断为直肠腺瘤.10例消化恶性肿瘤术后随访中有3例PET阳性结果与CT/MR相同,4例PET全身显像阴性,另外3例PET显像见其他部位病灶.结论18F-FDG PET显像对原发性恶性肿瘤的诊断、良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断具较高的准确性和特异性,对恶性肿瘤治疗后随访确认或排除肿瘤残留和复发以及发现全身部位的转移等具有良好的临床应用价值,其对全身转移病灶的定性和定位诊断优于CT/MR.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。