虹膜支撑型有晶状体眼人工晶状体植入术研究进展

虹膜支撑型人工晶状体是近年来矫正有晶状体眼屈光不正的一项新技术.它具有矫正屈光范围广、预测性及稳定性好、可逆性和保留调节功能等优点.虹膜支撑型人工晶状体植入可矫正高度近视眼、高度远视眼、屈光参差、穿透性角膜移植术后屈光不正等疾病.复曲面有晶状体眼人工晶状体可矫正2.00 D以上的散光.手术并发症包括角膜内皮损伤、白内障、一过性高眼压、眩光和光晕、人工晶状体偏中心或脱位等.随着人工晶状体设计的改良和临床经验的积累,初步临床观察显示近期效果满意、手术并发症逐渐减少,远期效果有待进一步观察.     

有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术的研究进展

随着有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens,PPCIOL)制作材料、设计和工艺的日趋改善,PPCIOL植入术在治疗中高度近视、远视及散光方面,与激光手术比较具有明显优势,术后屈光状态稳定,并且手术具有可逆性,手术并发症发生概率低.因此越来越多的医生和患者将其作为矫正屈光不正的首选手术.本文就PPCIOL的设计、手术适应证及禁忌证、手术方法、术后观察、并发症及其防治等方面进行综述,以期为临床应用提供参考.     

有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术的研究进展

随着有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens,PPCIOL)制作材料、设计和工艺的日趋改善,PPCIOL植入术在治疗中高度近视、远视及散光方面,与激光手术比较具有明显优势,术后屈光状态稳定,并且手术具有可逆性,手术并发症发生概率低.因此越来越多的医生和患者将其作为矫正屈光不正的首选手术.本文就PPCIOL的设计、手术适应证及禁忌证、手术方法、术后观察、并发症及其防治等方面进行综述,以期为临床应用提供参考.     

透明角膜切口有晶状体眼虹膜夹型人工晶状体植入治疗高度近视

目的：研究透明角膜切口有晶状体眼虹膜夹型人工晶状体植入治疗高度近视的临床疗效和安全性。

方法：对20例28眼高度近视患者表面麻醉下行透明角膜切口虹膜夹型人工晶状体植入术,观察术中和术后并发症、术后视力、眼压、屈光度数、角膜内皮计数、人工晶状体稳定性及晶状体混浊情况。

结果：高度近视患者28眼均顺利植入了虹膜夹型人工晶状体,术中无并发症发生,术后裸眼视力均达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力。术后随访6mo,所有植入的人工晶状体均基本位于正位,无明显倾斜、偏位。未发现白内障、葡萄膜炎、黄斑囊样水肿及视网膜脱离等并发症。

结论：在具备熟练的眼科显微手术技巧的前提下,有晶状体眼虹膜夹型人工晶状体植入,有较好的预测性及稳定性,可获得满意的术后视力,术后并发症较少,是治疗高度近视患者安全、有效的方法。     

虹膜支撑型有晶状体眼人工晶状体植入术矫正屈光不正临床观察

目的 探讨虹膜支撑型有晶状体眼人工晶状体PIOL(phakic intraocular lens) 植入术治疗矫正屈光不正的有效性、安全性及可预测性.方法 33例(58只眼)屈光不正,高度近视眼患者植入Verisyse虹膜嵌夹VRSM60型PIOL.术后观察患者的视力,眼压,角膜内皮细胞计数,人工晶状体位置及手术并发症等.结果 术后3个月患者裸眼视力≥0.5者占98.2%(57/58),6个月时98.2%(57/58),术后6个月时患者裸眼视力≥0.8者占74.1%(43/58).6个月时占89.6%(52/58).术后裸眼视力较术前最佳矫正视力明显提高,术后3个月占93.1%(54/58),6个月占98.2%(57/58).差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)术后裸眼视力较术前最佳矫正视力提高2行以上者,3个月时占81%(47/58),6个月时占89.6%(52/58).患者术后3个月时眼压与术前相比右眼t=0.709,P=0.485左眼t=0.949 P=0.351,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义.术后4只眼出现眼压升高,经降眼压治疗3只眼一周内恢复,1只眼压升高持续2个月,眼压在22～30 mmHg,经治疗后缓解,恢复正常.3个月后未再出现眼压升高,但该眼瞳孔增大约6 mm,大于IOL光学区,偶有单眼复视存在.患者术后3个月角膜内皮细胞计数同手术前相比,右眼t=3.562 P=0.006 左眼t=3.051 P=0.012 P<0.05,差异有统计学意义,这说明手术过程及前房型人工晶状体对角膜内皮细胞是有损伤的;术后6个月2只眼可见PIOL表面炎性反应物沉积;6只眼可见嵌夹在晶状体攀处的虹膜局限性萎缩;2只眼出现一侧人工晶状体攀从嵌夹于虹膜处脱离.结论 PIOL植入术治疗矫正屈光不正高度近视眼具有良好的有效性,安全性及可预测性,是补充角膜屈光手术不足的有效眼内屈光手术,但其远期效果尚有待进一步观察.     

有晶状体眼人工晶状体植入术的治疗现状

有晶状体眼人工晶状体（phakic intraocular lenses，PIOLs）植入术治疗屈光不正的优越性引起了越来越多的关注。效果明显，患者满意度高。但也存在一些术后并发症，如晶状体浑浊、角膜内皮细胞减少、眼内压增高等。本文就有晶状体眼人工晶状体植入术的治疗现状及并发症加以综述。     

有晶状体眼屈光性人工晶状体及其手术进展

有晶状体眼屈光性人工晶状体植入用于矫正屈光不正的研究始于20世纪50年代，至今已经历了几十年的发展。近20年，随着显微手术的普及，人工晶状体设计和材质的不断改良优化，检查手段和手术操作技术的完善，该手术已经成为矫正某些屈光不正可供选择的手段之一。本对有晶状体眼屈光性人工晶状体及其手术方法近年的研究进展作一综述。     

有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入治疗屈光不正的研究进展

屈光不正(refractive errors)是常见的眼科疾病,可以通过配镜、激光屈光手术等方法为患者进行矫正,但是这些方法对高度屈光不正、圆锥角膜等疾病的治疗有一定的局限性。有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(ICL)植入术是矫正屈光不正的主要方式之一,目前主要应用于矫正高度近视和散光,为探讨ICL植入术矫正低、中、高度近视及远视等的安全性和有效性,本文将会对ICL植入术矫正屈光不正的研究进展进行综述。     

有晶状体眼Verisyse虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入矫正超高度近视

目的 探讨有晶状体眼Verisyse虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术矫正超高度近视的远期有效性、安全性、稳定性及患者满意度.方法 前瞻性队列研究.选取2005年6月至2012年3月就诊于山西省眼科医院超高度近视患者37例(65眼),年龄17 ～44(27.5±8.0)岁,等效球镜度-9.00～-27.00 D,平均(-18.55±4.19)D,行有晶状体眼Verisyse虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术,术后平均随访时间3～62(42.3±16.7)个月.对比观察术前及术后1d、1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年、2年、3年、5年患者视觉效果.观察指标包括:视力(UCVA、BCVA、近视力)、屈光度、眼压、前节OCT测量IOL位置、角膜内皮细胞计数、对比敏感度、手术并发症及问卷调查患者满意度.定义安全性指数为术后平均BCVA与术前平均BCVA的比值,有效性指数为术后平均UCVA与术前平均BCVA的比值.不同时间点间差异采用重复测量设计的方差分析进行比较.结果 所有患者在整个术后随访过程中,安全性指数始终＞1.术后1个月和2年时有效性指数＜1,其余时间点均＞1.随访5年内93％患眼实际等效球镜度与预期等效球镜度差值在±1 D以内,84％患眼实际等效球镜度与预期等效球镜度差值在±0.5 D以内.患眼术前近视力为0.9±0.2,眼压为(15.2±2.7)mmHg,术后随访各时间点与术前相比差异无统计学意义.随访5年内角膜内皮细胞计数丢失率平均为3.0％±2.5％(0.07％～9.1％).前节OCT测量Verisvse人工晶状体中心与角膜内皮和晶状体间垂直距离分别为(2.20±0.15)mm(＞2.0 mm)及(0.73±0.08)mm(＞0.5 mm).术后与术前相比各空间频率对比敏感度均明显提高,差异有统计学意义.随访期间2只眼可见Verisyse人工晶状体表面炎性反应物沉积,1只眼瞳孔呈轻度横椭圆形,1例(2眼)因剧烈运动导致IOL半脱位,后经手术复位,＞80％患者人工晶状体夹持处虹膜脱色素.经问卷调查,患者满意度为100％.结论 Verisyse虹膜夹持型人工晶状体植入术矫正超高度近视具有良好的有效性、安全性、可预测性、稳定性及患者满意度,是有效眼内屈光手术之一,但是其更长期的安全性评价有待进一步研究.     

Angle-supported phakic intraocular lenses in hyperopia

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of angle-supported phakic intraocular lenses (PIOLs) in hyperopia. SETTING: Private practice, Siena, Italy. METHODS: A prospective noncomparative single-surgeon interventional case series comprised 42 consecutive hyperopic eyes of 22 patients having implantation of a type PIOL (Morcher) through a sclero-corneal 5.5 mm x 3.0 mm tunnel along the steepest meridian, with surgical iridectomy. The mean preoperative defocus equivalent (DEQ) was 7.30 diopters (D) +/- 1.89 (SD). The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was 6.61 +/- 1.47 D (range 4.0 to 10.5 D), and the mean refractive astigmatism was 1.51 +/- 1.33 D (range 0 to 5 D). The mean age was 29.9 +/- 6.0 years (range 22 to 42 years). Thirteen patients (59%) were men. RESULTS: Postoperative mean SE was 0.38 +/- 0.52 D (range 0 to 2 D); mean DEQ 0.93 +/- 0.98 D; mean astigmatism 0.95 +/- 1.17 D; mean surgically induced astigmatism (vector analysis) 0.67 +/- 0.58 D (95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.85); 38 eyes (90%) were within +/-2 D of DEQ, 34 eyes (81%) within +/-1 D, and 24 eyes (57%) within +/-0.5 D. Safety index was 1.05; efficacy index 0.85. Complications were night halos 10%; pupil ovalization 7%; pupillary block reversed by neodymium:YAG laser 7%; monocular anterior subcapsular opacity 5%; monocular iridocyclitis 5%; and intraocular pressure rise due to topical steroids 2%. Endothelial cell loss at 12 month was 6% (range +2.5% to -11%). CONCLUSION: High hyperopia was corrected safely and predictably by an angle-supported PIOL with limited complications.     

Toxic anterior segment syndrome after Verisyse iris-supported phakic intraocular lens implantation

We report a case of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) after implantation of a Verisyse (AMO) iris-supported phakic intraocular lens (IOL). The patient presented the day after surgery with significant decreased visual acuity and severe, persistent, limbus-to-limbus corneal edema. After treatment with topical steroids, oral steroids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, and hypertonic solution, the edema resolved over the course of 2 months and best corrected visual acuity improved to 20/20. Toxic anterior segment syndrome has been reported after implantation of IOLs previously, but this new case of TASS should alert surgeons to the possibility of the syndrome after phakic IOL placement.     

Use of Verisyse iris-supported phakic intraocular lens for myopia in keratoconic patients

We report 2 patients with stable keratoconus and high myopia who benefited from implantation of an iris-supported phakic intraocular lens (Verisyse, AMO) for correction of their refractive error. Both patients had a postoperative uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40. Endothelial cell density showed at most a 4% decrease, and no evidence of keratoconus progression was witnessed. The use of the Verisyse lens may be beneficial for certain keratoconic patients as an alternative step between rigid gas-permeable lenses and penetrating keratoplasty.     

Retinal complications of phakic intraocular lenses

High myopia has always been a challenge for refractive correction. Current laser surgical techniques, however, fall short of correcting high refractive errors due to lack of predictability, regression, corneal ectasia, and introduction of high order optical aberration. Phakic intraocular lenses (IOL) have been proposed as an effective refractive surgical procedure for the correction of severe myopia, but, despite recent advances in implant material technology and design, their concept is still under clinical investigation. Most of the concern regarding the complications of phakic IOLs focuses on the anterior segment of the eye. This review examines the posterior segment complications associated with phakic IOL implantation, evaluates possible pathogenetic mechanisms and discusses posterior segment complications, prevention and management.     

Retinal complications of phakic intraocular lenses

High myopia has always been a challenge for refractive correction. Current laser surgical techniques, however, fall short of correcting high refractive errors due to lack of predictability, regression, corneal ectasia, and introduction of high order optical aberration. Phakic intraocular lenses (IOL) have been proposed as an effective refractive surgical procedure for the correction of severe myopia, but, despite recent advances in implant material teachnology and design, their concept is still under clinical investigation. Most of the concern regarding the complications of phakic IOLs focuses on the anterior segment of the eye. This review examines the posterior segment complications associated with phakic IOL implantation, evaluates possible pathogenetic mechanisms and discusses posterior segment complications, prevention and management.     

Magnification and accommodation with phakic intraocular lenses

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The calculation of phakic lenses (PL) was described by van der Heijde et al. [Klin. Monatsbl. Augenheilkd (1988) Vol. 193, pp. 99-102], but a formalism for estimating relative magnification compared with spectacle correction and accommodation effects are not yet published. The purpose of this study was to describe a mathematical strategy for calculating PL and relative magnification as a function of object vergence (phakic accommodation). METHODS: Parameters used for the calculations are the spectacle refraction before and after (target refraction) surgery, the vertex distance, corneal refraction, and the predicted position of the phakic intraocular lens. The lens power is determined as the difference in vergences between the spectacle-corrected eye and the uncorrected eye at the reference plane of the predicted lens position. If we simplify the crystalline lens to a single refracting surface located at the principal plane of the crystalline lens, the vergence of the eye with spectacle correction and with PL is determined as a function of object distance [object vergence 0 D (infinity) to 10 D (object at a distance of 10 cm)] to evaluate accommodation effects of the crystalline lens. RESULTS: The method was applied to two clinical examples. In example 1 we calculated the power of a PL for correction of a 10-D myopia and determined the relative magnification and the vergence at the principal plane of the crystalline lens as a function of object vergence. Magnification gain increases with objects at near from 17% to 26%, whereas the vergence at the principal plane of the crystalline lens changes by 3.04 D less than in the spectacle-corrected eye. In example 2, a 20-D myopia was corrected with a PL. The gain in magnification changed from 33% to 58% with nearer objects. The change in vergence at the principal plane of the crystalline lens with objects at near was much higher with the PL compared with the spectacle correction, which implies that the refractive change necessary for focusing objects at near distance is much higher in the PL correction. CONCLUSIONS: Even if the predictability of postoperative refraction with PL is comparable or better than in other methods of correcting high or excessive ametropia, the effects of lateral magnification change and accommodation have to be considered to avoid image-size disparities (aniseikonia) and to maintain binocular vision, especially with monocular PL implantation and anisometropia.     

Iridocyclitis associated with angle-supported phakic intraocular lenses

PURPOSE: To evaluate incidence, features, risk factors, and prognosis of iridocyclitis after angle-supported phakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. SETTING: Private practice, Siena, Italy. METHODS: This retrospective analysis comprised 356 consecutive eyes of 212 patients. In myopic eyes, the ZSAL-4 IOL (205 eyes of 125 patients) or the ZSAL-4 Plus IOL (106 eyes of 63 patients) was used. In hyperopic eyes (45 eyes of 24 patients), the Type 54 IOL was implanted. Haptic posterior angulation was 19 degrees (ZSAL-4), 23 degrees (ZSAL-4 Plus), and 14 degrees (Type 54). RESULTS: Clinically significant iridocyclitis occurred in 11 eyes (3.1%) of 11 patients. Mean patient age was 37.3 years +/- 9.4 (SD). Sixty-four percent were male (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 7.4, not statistically significant). Iridocyclitis was observed in 4.4% of hyperopic eyes (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.3 to 7.4; not statistically significant) and in 2.9% of myopic eyes. In myopic eyes, it followed the implantation of ZSAL-4 IOL in 3.9% of eyes (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 0.5 to 33.6; not statistically significant), and of ZSAL-4 Plus IOL in 1%. Mean time from surgery was 8.5 +/- 10.6 months). Presentation included aqueous flare (100%), posterior synechiae (82%), blurred vision (82%), redness (36%), pain (27%), IOL precipitates (18%), and angular synechiae (9%). Only 1 patient had recurrences, leading to IOL explantation and cataract surgery. After topical therapy, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was fully recovered in 9 of 11 eyes. CONCLUSION: Iridocyclitis can occur months or years after the implantation of angle-supported phakic IOLs. No statistically significant risk factors were identified. Functional prognosis is generally good.     

Occurrence and prognosis of nonpenetrating injuries in eyes with Verisyse iris-supported phakic intraocular lens

We report 8 cases of blunt trauma in patients with a Verisyse phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) (AMO). Two cases resulted in dislocation of the pIOL that required repositioning; the other 6 were managed conservatively. In all cases, the outcomes were satisfactory, with no further complications. The cases represent scenarios that patients and physicians might encounter postoperatively and describe ways to manage the complication.