HPLC法测定刺五加中刺五加苷B的含量

目的:对不同生长年限、不同药用部位的刺五加中刺五加苷B进行了含量测定,为合理开发、利用这一药用植物资源提供了理论依据。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,研究了不同生长年限、不同药用部位的刺五加中的刺五加苷B含量的变化规律。结果:3年生的刺五加中刺五加苷B的含量高于1年生的剌五加,且均以茎皮中含量较高,茎中含量次之,根中最低。结论:对刺五加药材的合理采收提供了参考依据。     

高效液相色谱法测定儿童Ⅱ号中龙胆苦甙的含量

目的建立测定儿童Ⅱ号中的龙胆苦甙含量的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,以DiamonsilTM–C18(4.6×200mm,5μm)为色谱柱,以乙腈水(1288)流动相流速1.0mL/min,检测波长270nm,外标法定量。结果此法线性关系良好,平均加样回收率为98.94%RSD为2.95%重复性RSD为1.49%。结论本方法精密度高,分离度良好,可为测定儿童Ⅱ号中龙胆苦甙的含量提供可靠的分析方法。     

高效液相色谱法检测心宁片中丹酚酸B的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定丹酚酸B含量的方法。方法采用Agilent 1200色谱仪;流动相为乙腈甲醇-甲酸-水(体积比为10:30:1:59);流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为286 nm。结果丹酚酸B在0.05～0.5 mg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999);平均回收率为98.1%,RSD为0.5%。结论高效液相色谱法测定丹酚酸B含量简便、准确、重现性好,可用于丹酚酸B样品的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定消毒剂中对氯间二甲苯酚含量的观察

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定消毒剂中对氯间二甲苯酚含量的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,对复方消毒剂中对氯间二甲苯酚含量进行了测定观察。结果用高效液相色谱方法检测对氯间二甲苯酚含量,其检出限为20.8 ng,相对标准偏差为1.29%,回收率为93.0%~101.2%。结论所建立的高效液相色谱法能准确检测对氯间二甲苯酚含量,方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血清中褪黑素的浓度

目的用反相高效液相色谱法测定血清中褪黑素的含量。方法采用荧光检测器检测20例自愿者血清中的褪黑素。结果血清中褪黑素最低检测浓度为0.5pg·ml-1,检测限0.2pg,褪黑素在1.0～500pg·ml-1之间呈线性关系,回归方程Y=65744.7x-220.6(r=0.9989,P<0.05),回收率>94.7%,日间、日内变异系数均在10%以下。结论用反相高效液相色谱法测定血清中褪黑素的含量灵敏、快速、准确,为褪黑素在体内代谢等研究提供方法,对临床合理补充外源性褪黑素具有指导性。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方消毒剂中三氯生含量观察

采用高效液相色谱法测定复方消毒剂中三氯羟基二苯醚(三氯生)含量,对该方法进行了观察。结果,在C18色谱柱和甲醇-水流动相条件下,用高效液相色谱法测定复方消毒剂中三氯生,定量范围为3.0～250.3μg/ml,回收率为99.85～100.43%,最低检测量为0.3μg/ml。结论,高效液相色谱法测定复方消毒剂中三氯生含量,定量范围宽,回收率高,专一性好。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定消毒剂中聚六亚甲基双胍和醋酸氯己定含量

目的 建立一种同时测定复方消毒剂中聚六亚甲基双胍(PHMB)和醋酸氯己定(CHA)含量的高效液相色谱方法。方法 采用氰基色谱柱反相高效液相色谱法，通过梯度洗脱，对复方消毒剂中PHMB和CHA进行测定。结果 本方法能将不同聚合度的PHMB合并为一个峰，并与CHA分离，在2.0～10.0 mg/L范围内峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r>0.999);定量限分别为1.0和0.5 mg/L,检出限分别为0.3和0.15 mg/L;PHMB加标回收率为99.6%～107.8%,CHA加标回收率为95.6%～104.8%。结论 本研究建立的测定复方消毒剂中PHMB和CHA含量的反相高效液相色谱法操作简单、准确可靠，具有实际应用价值。     

血药浓度监测

应用荧光分光光度法测定血清及组织中阿霉素含量;分离胶处理标本不适合高效液相色谱法监测氯氮平、去甲氯氮平浓度;离子选择电极法测定血清锂的临床应用。     

离子交换高效液相色谱法测定糖化血红蛋白的初步评价

目的 评价离子交换高效液相色谱法测定糖化血红蛋白(GHbA1C)的临床应用.方法 采用离子交换高效液相色谱法测定糖化血红蛋白.结果 参考范围在4.1%～6.1%,批间CV≤2.35%,批内CV≤0.81 %.结论 离子交换高效液相色谱法测定糖化血红蛋白(GHbA1C)的准确度高、精密度好、速度快,为临床医生调整糖尿病治疗方案提供了及时可靠的依据.     

高效液相色谱法测定滋心阴口服液中芍药甙的含量

目的 :探讨高效液相色谱法测定滋心阴口服液中芍药甙的含量。方法 :色谱柱为YWG C18(10 μm ,4 6mm× 30 0mm) ,流动相为乙腈 0 1%磷酸溶液 异丙醇 (15∶85∶0 5 ) ;在 2 30nm波长处检测。结果 :在 0 0 4～ 1 0 2 μg范围内具有良好线性关系 (r=0 9998) ,样品平均回收率为 97 3% (n =5 ,RSD为 2 0 % )。结论 :该法结果准确 ,专属性强     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.