血清缓激肽与前列腺癌的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清缓激肽在前列腺癌的诊断及鉴别诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 收集68例前列腺癌患者和32例前列腺增生患者,以同期体检的健康男性32例为对照组,收集其血清,酶联免疫吸附试验(enzymelinked immuno sorbent assay,ELISA)法检测血清中的缓激肽水平,比较各组血清缓激肽水平的差异以及前列腺癌患者在不同年龄、临床分期、病理分期(Gleason评分)、前列腺特异抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)水平、肿瘤体积以及骨转移、淋巴结转移、局部侵犯与否状态下血清缓激肽水平的差异.比较血清缓激肽与PSA联合诊断前列腺癌和PSA独立诊断前列腺癌的敏感度差异.结果 前列腺癌组血清缓激肽水平[(16.44 ±0.91) μg/L]低于对照组[(19.72±1.10) μg/L]和前列腺增生组[(20.93±1.80) μg/L],差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).在肿瘤体积较大的前列腺癌患者血清缓激肽水平较低(P＜0.05),而血清缓激肽水平在年龄、肿瘤临床分期、病理分期(Gleason评分)、PSA水平及骨转移、淋巴结转移、局部侵犯与否方面比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).血清缓激肽与PSA联合诊断前列腺癌较单独诊断敏感度提高(P＜0.05).结论 前列腺癌患者血清缓激肽表达水平较低,且与肿瘤体积相关.血清缓激肽与PSA联合诊断前列腺癌敏感度较单独诊断高.     

血清PSA及超声引导穿刺活检对前列腺癌病理分期预测价值研究

目的 研究血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)及超声引导穿刺活检对前列腺癌病理分期的预测价值.方法 选取200例经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检确诊为前列腺癌的患者的临床资料进行研究.分析患者的血清PSA、穿刺活检阳性百分数及Gleason评分3个参数与前列腺癌病理分期的相关性;同时对比性分析以上3个参数在不同病理分期前列腺癌患者中的差异情况.结果 血清PSA、穿刺活检阳性百分数及Gleason评分均与前列腺癌患者的病理分期呈正相关(P﹤0.001);D期前列腺癌患者的血清PSA水平明显高于A期、B期、C期前列腺癌患者(P﹤0.05),而A期、B期、C期前列腺癌患者的血清PSA水平两两之间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);C期与D期前列腺癌患者的穿刺活检阳性百分数比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),而其他各分期间穿刺活检阳性百分数两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);A期与C期、B期与C期、A期与D期、B期与D期前列腺癌患者的Gleason评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),而A期与B期、C期与D期前列腺癌患者的Gleason评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 血清PSA、穿刺活检阳性百分数及Gleason评分均可单独用于前列腺期病理分期的预测,同时该3个参数在区分前列腺癌病理分期方面也发挥一定辅助作用.     

海南地区Gleason评分≥7分的前列腺癌患者血清PSA和睾酮水平与预后相关性探讨

目的:分析海南地区Gleason评分≥7分的前列腺癌（prostatic cancer,PCa）患者血清前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)和总睾酮（total testosterone,TT）水平与5年总生存率的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2009年01月至2019年12月我院收治的前列腺癌患者106例作为PCa组,选取同期良性前列腺增生症（benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH）患者120例作为BPH组,比较两组患者临床资料、血清PSA、TT水平;再根据PCa组患者5年生存情况分为生存组（n=81）和死亡组（n=25）,比较两组患者临床资料、Gleason评分、血清PSA、TT水平;采用多因素COX回归分析影响前列腺癌患者预后的独立危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC）,分析血清PSA、TT水平早期评估前列腺癌患者预后的预测价值;采用Spearman相关性模型分析血清PSA、TT水平与病理Gleason评分的相关性。结果:PCa组患者年龄、前列腺体积、血清PSA水平高于BPH组,血清TT水平低于BPH组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;生存组患者Gleason评分、血清PSA水平、骨转移发生率、TNM分期低于死亡组,血清TT水平高于死亡组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;Spearman相关性分析显示,血清PSA水平与病理Gleason评分呈正相关（r=0.634,P＜0.05）,血清TT水平与病理Gleason评分呈负相关（r=-0.755,P＜0.05）;多因素COX回归分析显示,高PSA水平（HR=1.352）、高Gleason评分（HR=4.576）、高TNM分期(HR=2.937)和骨转移（HR=1.258）是前列腺癌患者预后的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）,高TT水平（HR=0.063）是前列腺癌患者预后的保护因素（P＜0.05）;ROC曲线显示,血清PSA、TT水平及两者联合早期预测前列腺癌患者预后的曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）为0.811、0.887和0.934,敏感度为88.00%、96.00%和92.00%,特异度为68.73%、72.84%和82.72%,截点值分别为21.51 ng/mL和3.74 ng/mL。结论:前列腺癌患者血清PSA、TT水平可作为早期评估患者预后的重要指标,其与病理Gleason评分存在高度相关性。     

前列腺特异性抗原4~10μg/L患者前列腺癌检出率及与年龄和病理分级的相关性分析

目的：探讨前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen, PSA) 4~10μg/L患者前列腺癌检出率及与年龄和病理分级的相关性。方法：回顾性收集2011年1月至2017年12月仁寿县人民医院收治的213例PSA 4~10μg/L患者的相关资料,所有患者均行经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检,计算前列腺癌检出率,比较各年龄组、病理分级与检出率的相关性。结果：本组213例PSA4~10μg/L患者中,穿刺活检阳性患者50例,阳性检出率23.5%。穿刺阳性患者PSA(8.11±0.53)μg/L,穿刺阴性患者PSA(6.55±0.62)μg/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=16.075, P<0.001)。<60岁、60~69岁、70~79岁、≥80岁4个年龄组穿刺活检阳性率分别为：5.88%、17.28%、28.71%、42.86%,随着年龄的增长,前列腺穿刺活检阳性检出率增长明显(χ2趋势=9.046, P=0.003)。Spearman相关分析显示,前列腺穿刺活检阳性检出率与年龄存在正相关关系(r=0.486, P<0.001)。4个年龄组穿刺活检阳性患者Gleason评分≥7分患者分别为：1例(100.0%)、5例(35.7%)、13例(44.8%)和4例(66.7%),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同肿瘤分期在各年龄组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：随着年龄的增加,PSA4~10μg/L患者中,前列腺穿刺阳性的前列腺癌患者的检出率也相应增高,年龄可以作为PSA4~10μg/L低水平患者前列腺癌筛查和诊断的重要参考指标。     

骨盆径线及其他相关参数与前列腺癌根治术后尖部切缘阳性关系的探讨

目的:探讨骨盆径线及其他前列腺癌相关参数对前列腺癌根治术后前列腺尖部切缘阳性的影响。方法:回顾性研究2014至2017年于我院行前列腺穿刺活检确诊为前列腺癌,且无其他部位转移,符合手术指征的患者共120例。根据术前前列腺磁共振测量骨盆入口前后径、坐骨棘间径、前列腺尖深度、耻骨联合角。联合其他参数［年龄、体重指数（body mass index,BMI）、前列腺特异性抗原（prostate specific antigen,PSA）水平、前列腺体积、病理分期、根治术后标本Gleason评分、手术方式］,单因素分析各参数与前列腺尖端切缘阳性的关系,多因素回归分析确定独立危险因素。结果:前列腺尖部切缘阳性共35例,单因素回归分析显示:切缘阳性与切缘阴性组在患者年龄、BMI、前列腺体积、术前PSA水平、骨盆入口前后径、坐骨棘间径及耻骨联合角无明显统计学差异。多因素回归分析显示:前列腺尖部深度、根治术后标本Gleason评分、病理分期、手术方式为术后尖部切缘阳性的独立危险因素。结论:前列腺尖部深度,根治术后标本Gleason评分、病理分期、手术方式为前列腺尖部切缘阳性的独立危险因素。前列腺尖部深度大于等于28 mm,根治术后标本Gleason评分≥8分,病理分期在T2期以上以及选择开放性前列腺癌根治术的患者术后尖部切缘阳性率显著升高。我们可以通过术前MRI评估患者骨盆状况,选择合适的手术方式,结合病理分期及根治术后标本Gleason评分,为术后治疗方案的选择提供参考。     

前列腺穿刺患者前列腺癌检出率及其与 PSA、年龄的相关性

目的：探讨前列腺穿刺患者前列腺癌检出率情况,并分析其与前列腺特异性抗原（prostate specific an-tigen,PSA）、年龄的相关性。方法：回顾性收集2009年1月至2015年12月自贡市第一人民医院收治的年龄≥50岁且符合前列腺穿刺活检指征患者232例,对患者行 PSA 检测、直肠指诊（digital rectal examination,DRE）和经腹前列腺超声、MRI 检查,计算前列腺癌的检出率,分析前列腺癌检出率与年龄、PSA 水平的相关关系。结果：本组232例穿刺活检患者中,病理诊断为前列腺癌74例,阳性检出率为31．9％（74／232）。74例患者中,高分化癌16例（21.6％）、中分化癌24例（32．4％）、低分化癌34例（45．9％）。PSA 值＜4μg／L、4．1～10μg／L、10．1～20μg／L、＞20μg／L 4组患者前列腺癌检出率分别为9．1％、13．0％、16．2％、52．3％,随着 PSA 值的增加,前列腺癌检出率增长明显,呈明显的上升趋势（P ＜0．001）。随着年龄增高,PSA 值也越大,差异有统计学意义（Z ＝－3．328,P ＜0.001）;年龄＜60岁、60～69岁、70～79岁、≥80岁4个年龄组前列腺癌的检出率分别为11．1％、23．6％、40．0％、46.7％,随着年龄的增长,前列腺癌的检出率增长明显（P ＝0．011）。前列腺穿刺患者前列腺癌检出率与血清 PSA值呈正相关（r ＝0．376,P ＜0．001）,前列腺癌检出率与年龄亦呈正相关（r ＝0．288,P ＝0．019）。结论：随着年龄的增加、血清 PSA 值增高,前列腺穿刺患者前列腺癌的检出率也相应增高。     

前列腺癌患者血浆D-二聚体水平及其临床意义

目的 探讨前列腺癌患者血浆D-二聚体水平,并分析其与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法检测147例确诊前列腺癌患者（前列腺癌组）的血浆D-二聚体水平,随访2年生存情况并分析其与临床病理参数（临床分期、盆腔淋巴结转移、远处脏器转移、前列腺特异抗原PSA水平和Gleason评分）及预后的关系。选取同期的92例良性前列腺疾病患者（良性疾病组）及70例男性健康体检者（健康体检组）作对照。结果 前列腺癌组D-二聚体水平为（0.52±0.04）mg／L,均高于良性疾病组的（0.26±0.08）mg／L和健康体检组的（0.19±0.07）mg／L（P＜0.05）;前列腺癌组不同临床分期、盆腔淋巴结转移、远处脏器转移、PSA水平、Gleason评分及预后的D 二聚体水平差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、有盆腔淋巴结转移、有远处脏器转移、PSA水平＞20ng／ml、Gleason评分≥8分和死亡的D-二聚体水平高于对应项（P＜0.05）。结论 前列腺癌患者的D-二聚体水平升高,且与转移、临床分期、PSA水平及Gleason评分有关,可能有助于评估前列腺癌患者的预后。     

分析血清PSA系列及Gleason评分在前列腺癌分期中的预测价值

目的：探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原（prostate specific antigen,PSA）系列及穿刺活检Gleason评分对前列腺癌病理分期的预测价值。方法：回顾性分析根治术后病理证实为前列腺腺癌的92例患者资料,具备术前总前列腺特异抗原（total pros-tate specific antigen,tPSA）、游离PSA（free prostate specific antigen,fPSA）、fPSA/tPSA、前列腺特异抗原密度（prostate specific antigen density,PSAD）及穿刺活检Gleason评分。比较器官局限组和包膜外侵犯组之间以上指标的差异,运用工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）比较各指标的预测价值,并通过多因素logistic回归分析筛选器官局限最主要的影响因素。结果：包膜外侵犯组PSAD、tPSA、fPSA/tPSA和穿刺活检Gleason评分值均高于器官局限组（P〈0.05）;ROC曲线对器官局限性前列腺癌的单因素预测比较,仅PSAD、tPSA预测价值较好[工作特征曲线下面积（areaunder ROC,AUC）〉0.7,P〈0.05];多因素分析中仅PSAD、穿刺活检Gleason评分为器官局限最主要的影响因素（P〈0.05）,AUC达0.8（P=0.000）。结论：PSAD比tPSA对病理分期显示了更好的预测价值,病理分期预测模型可考虑以PSAD替代tPSA,结合其他因素,有望提高预测准确度。     

前列腺癌患者血清和病理组织中miRNA-375的表达及意义

目的探讨前列腺癌患者血清和病理组织中miRNA-375的表达及临床意义。方法选取2015年3月至2016年3月间我院收治的前列腺癌患者30例为观察组,另选择同期前列腺增生患者30例为对照组,检测并比较两组患者血清及病理组织中miRNA-375变化,观察血清miRNA-375表达与临床病理关系,分析病理组织与血清中mi-RNA-375相关性及前列腺癌患者血清miRNA-375与血清PSA的相关性。结果与前列腺增生患者比较,前列腺癌患者PCR定量检测miRNA-375血清中2-△Ct显著增高,病理组织中miRNA-375表达显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病理分期T3~T4期、Gleason评分>7分、存在转移及PSA>10μg/L者显著高于病理分期T1~T2期、Gleason评分≤7分、无转移及PSA≤10μg/L者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。前列腺癌患者mi-RNA-375与血清PSA呈线性相关(r=0.714,P<0.05)。前列腺癌病理组织与血清中mi-RNA-375呈线性相关(r=0.911,P<0.05)。结论前列腺癌患者血清miRNA-375水平存在明显升高,且与患者临床病理特征存在相关性。     

尿PCA3在前列腺癌中的临床价值

目的探讨尿前列腺癌抗原3(PCA3)基因表达水平及与血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的表达水平,及其与肿瘤分化程度的关系。方法选择81例因血清PSA表达升高和(或)直肠指诊异常行前列腺穿刺活检的患者。采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色及免疫组化鸡尾酒染色明确病理活检结果,定量-实时逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测尿PCA3 m RNA表达水平,并分析其与肿瘤分化程度的关系。前列腺癌患者尿PCA3 mRNA和血清PSA表达水平间的相关性采用线性回归分析。结果 81例患者的前列腺活检组织中,诊断前列腺癌阳性53例,阴性28例。前列腺癌患者尿PCA3 mRNA和血清PSA表达水平,均明显高于非前列腺癌患者(P﹤0.01);前列腺癌患者尿PCA3 m RNA表达水平与血清PSA表达水平无线性相关关系(P﹥0.05)。PCA3 mRNA高表达组患者Gleason评分明显高于低表达组患者(P﹤0.01),尿PCA3高表达倾向低、中度分化(P﹤0.01)。尿PCA3 mRNA高表达组患者NME1、NME3和SPARCL1 mRNA表达水平均明显低于低水平组患者(P﹤0.01);SPOCK1和survivin m RNA表达水平均明显高于低表达组患者(P﹤0.01)。结论前列腺癌患者尿PCA3 mRNA及血清PSA表达水平明显升高,但二者间无线性关系。前列腺癌患者尿PCA3 mRNA高表达时,NME1、NME3和SPARCL1mRNA表达水平及分化程度均降低,SPOCK1和survivin mRNA表达水平升高。     

Impact of race on prostate-specific antigen outcome after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

PURPOSE: To compare prostate-specific antigen (PSA) outcome after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer in African-American and white men using previously established risk groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 2000, 2,036 men (n = 162 African-American men, n = 1,874 white men) underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer. Using pretreatment PSA, Gleason score, clinical T stage, and percentage of positive biopsy specimens, patients were stratified into low- and high-risk groups. For each risk group, PSA outcome was estimated using the actuarial method of Kaplan and Meier. Comparisons of PSA outcome between African-American and white men were made using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The median age and PSA level for African-American and white men were 60 and 62 years old and 8.8 and 7.0 ng/mL, respectively. African-Americans had a statistically significant increase in PSA (P =.002), Gleason score (P =.003), clinical T stage (P =.004), and percentage of positive biopsy specimens (P =.04) at presentation. However, there was no statistical difference in the distribution of PSA, clinical T stage, or Gleason score between racial groups in the low- and high-risk groups. The 5-year estimate of PSA outcome was 87% in the low-risk group for all patients (P =.70) and 28% versus 32% in African-American and white patients in the high-risk group (P =.28), respectively. Longer follow-up is required to confirm if these results are maintained at 10 years. CONCLUSION: Even though African-American men presented at a younger age and with more advanced disease compared with white men with prostate cancer, PSA outcome after RP when controlled for known clinical predictive factors was not statistically different. This study supports earlier screening in African-American men.     

Clinical and pathological characteristics of screen-detected versus clinically diagnosed prostate cancer in Nanjing, China

Previous studies have suggested that implementation of PSA screening in China is of crucial importance. This study compared clinical and pathological characteristics of screen-detected and clinically diagnosed prostate cancers and evaluated the effectiveness of PSA screening for early detection of prostate cancer in Nanjing. Between July 2004 and December 2005, 8,562 men aged ≥50 years were included for PSA screening. Participants with serum PSA ≥4.0 ng/ml were recommended for transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate needle biopsy (TRNB). During the same period, 82 consecutive clinically diagnosed prostate cancers were included as controls. The clinical and pathological features of the screened versus clinically diagnosed cancers were evaluated. A total of 719 (8.4%) of screened men had PSA levels ≥4.0 ng/ml. Biopsy was performed in 295 men, and 58 prostate cancers were detected. The biopsy rate, positive predictive value (PPV), and detection rate were 41.0, 19.7, and 0.68%, respectively. More screened patients were found with PSA levels <20 ng/ml (55.2 vs. 22.4%, P < 0.001), Gleason scores <7 (60.3 vs. 34.1%, P = 0.002), organ-confined tumors (87.9 vs. 26.8%, P < 0.001), and opportunities for radical prostatectomy (50.0 vs. 18.3%, P < 0.001) than that in clinically diagnosed patients. PSA screening is effective for early detection of prostate cancer in Chinese elderly men. Favorable PSA levels, Gleason scores, clinical stages, and chances for radical prostatectomy are associated with PSA screening. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of screening on treatment outcomes and mortality of prostate cancer in Chinese.     

African-American men with nonpalpable prostate cancer exhibit greater tumor volume than matched white men

BACKGROUND: Although prostate cancer (PC) mortality disproportionately affects African-American (AA) men, limited data exist comparing the pathologic characteristics of white and AA patients with nonpalpable PC (clinical stage T1c). METHODS: The authors reviewed the radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens from 37 consecutive AA men with clinical stage T1c PC and 35 white men who were matched for age, clinical stage, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, year of surgery, prostate weight, and prostate biopsy strategy. Pathologic characteristics were compared after mapping tumor foci and calculating tumor volumes by using computer software. RESULTS: For AA men, the median age (57.7 years), mean serum PSA level (9.3 ng/mL), mean prostate weight (43 g), and biopsy strategy (73% sextant) were matched with the cohort of 35 white men (median age, 57.1 years; mean PSA, 9.3 ng/mL;, mean prostate weight, 43 g; biopsy strategy, 66% sextant). Despite similar biopsy characteristics between the 2 groups (Gleason score > or =7 in 43% of AA men vs. 37% of white men), AA men exhibited significantly higher prostatectomy Gleason scores (> or =7 in 76% of AA men vs. 34% of white men; P = .01). AA men also had a higher mean tumor volume (1.82 cm3 vs. 0.72 cm3; P = .001) and had 2.8 times more tumor per ng/mL of serum PSA (0.22 cm3 per ng/mL vs. 0.079 cm3 per ng/mL; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with a cohort of white men with similar clinical features at the time of biopsy, AA men with nonpalpable PC had higher prostatectomy Gleason scores, greater cancer volume, and greater tumor volume per ng/mL of serum PSA. These data provide additional support for the concept of early PC detection using a serum PSA threshold of 2.5 ng/mL for biopsy among AA men.     

超声引导下前列腺10点加定点穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌

目的 探讨经直肠彩色多普勒超声引导下前列腺穿刺活组织检查在前列腺癌诊断中的应用.方法 181例疑诊前列腺癌的患者进行血清总前列腺特异性抗原(T-PSA)检测,采用10点加前列腺癌可疑灶定点穿刺活检术.结果 181例中检出前列腺癌80例(44.2%),前列腺增生63例(34.8%).前列腺炎36例(19.9%),前列腺结核1例(0.6%),前列腺平滑肌瘤1例(0.6%).T-PSA水平＞20μg/L组的前列腺癌发生率高于其他各组.随着T-PSA水平的升高,Gleason评分增加(P＜0.001).结论 超声引导下10点加定点穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的阳性率高,对T-PSA＞20μg/L的疑诊前列腺癌患者活检意义较大.     

以尿潴留为首发表现的前列腺癌临床分析（附43例）

目的:回顾分析以尿潴留为首发表现的前列腺癌患者的临床特点。方法:收集我院2001年7月至2014年7月以尿潴留为首发症状的前列腺癌患者43例,均经前列腺穿刺活检确诊。3例患者接受腹腔镜下腹膜外前列腺癌根治术,其余40例患者均接受经尿道前列腺电切术（transurethral resection of prostate,TURP）联合内分泌治疗［（最大限度雄激素阻断（maximal androgen blockade,MAB）］。统计其年龄分布、前列腺特异性抗原（prostate specific antigen,PSA）、直肠指检(digital rectal examination,DRE)阳性率、经直肠前列腺穿刺阳性针数、Gleason评分、骨转移、肿瘤分期、治疗后排尿恢复情况、IPSS评分及1年、3年、5年生存率。结果:43例患者的年龄中位数为69岁;直肠指检阳性率达81.4%（35/43）;PSA＞20 ng/ml者占62.8%（27/43）;经直肠前列腺穿刺（12+X针穿刺法）超过7针以上阳性的占76.7%（33/43）;Gleason评分≥7分占95.3%（41/43）;骨转移患者占76.7%（33/43）;临床分期T3b-T4期占88.4%（38/43）;治疗后6个月全部患者恢复了自主排尿,1年生存率为97.7%,3年生存率为79.1%,5年生存率为55.8%。结论:老年男性发生尿潴留应当考虑有前列腺癌的可能性,该类前列腺癌患者病程往往多为晚期且为高危患者,肿瘤压迫侵犯尿道及膀胱颈是排尿困难的主要原因,经尿道前列腺电切术联合内分泌治疗,可有效解除下尿路梗阻,控制肿瘤进展,提高患者生活质量。     

Prostate-specific antigen velocity and prostate cancer gleason grade and stage

BACKGROUND: Increased preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity (PSAV) has been associated with increased prostate cancer mortality and higher Gleason scores. The authors evaluated the relation between PSAV, biopsy Gleason score, and pathologic stage in men who were enrolled in a prostate cancer screening trial. METHODS: Data were analyzed from 1441 men who were enrolled in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial who received > or =2 PSA screens and were diagnosed with prostate cancer within 1 year of the last screen. PSAV was estimated by using all screening PSA values within 6 years prediagnosis. RESULTS: Both PSA and PSAV were related to biopsy Gleason score. The multivariable odds ratios (OR), controlling for PSA and demographics, for having a Gleason score of 7 to 10 were 1.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.9-1.9), 2.2 (95% CI, 1.5-3.3), and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4-3.9) for men with PSAV values from 0.5 to 1 ng/mL per year, from 1 to 2 ng/mL per year, and >2 ng/mL per year, respectively, compared with men who had PSAV values <0.5 ng/mL per year. The median PSAV was 0.60 ng/mL per year for men with Gleason scores from 2 to 6 versus 0.84 ng/mL per year for men with Gleason scores from 7 to 10 (P < .0001). Among 658 men who underwent prostatectomy, both PSA and PSAV were associated with advanced pathologic stage in univariate analyses; however, when the analysis controlled for clinical stage and biopsy Gleason score, the associations of PSA and PSAV were no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: PSAV and PSA levels were associated independently with biopsy Gleason score. Among men who underwent prostatectomy, PSAV and PSA were not predictive of advanced pathologic stage when the analysis was controlled for biopsy Gleason score and clinical stage. It cannot be determined yet whether PSAV is predictive of long-term prostate cancer outcome in this cohort.     

前列腺体积与穿刺活检阳性率和前列腺癌恶性程度的相关性

目的:分析我院确诊为前列腺癌患者的病例资料,探讨其中超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检病例的前列腺体积(PV)与穿刺阳性率和前列腺癌恶性程度的关系.方法:回顾性分析我院1998年至今诊断明确的前列腺癌共计419例,将其中346例行前列腺穿刺活检明确诊断的病例与同期430例行前列腺穿刺活检但未诊断前列腺癌的病例进行回顾性比较分析.结果:癌症组与非癌症组相比,高PSA病例较多(P＜0.05).两组中,前列腺体积大于60ml(16.8％ vs 36.3％)和PV小于40ml(29.5％ vs 15.3％)的病例比较,差异有统计学意义.经直肠指检或经直肠超声检查有阳性发现的病例比差异较明显(65.0％ vs21.4％).两组间PS-AD值的差异有统计学意义:4.830 7 ng/ml2(0.013 5～58.107 8 ng/ml2) vs0.503 5 ng/ml2(0.015 5 ～12.850 1 ng/ml2).癌症病人中PV大于60ml的病例与PV小于等于60ml的病例相比,不同Gleason评分的病例相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:前列腺体积与前列腺穿刺活检的阳性率呈负相关,也与前列腺癌恶性程度呈负相关.6针穿刺活检法存在一定局限性.     

Optimizing patient selection for prostate monotherapy

PURPOSE: Patients at low risk for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure following definitive local therapy are those with PSA of 10 or less, biopsy Gleason Score of 6 or less, and 1992 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical Stage T1c or T2a. However, low-risk patients managed with radical prostatectomy and found to have prostatectomy Gleason score > or = 3+4 have a less favorable PSA outcome when compared to patients with prostatectomy Gleason score < or = 3+3. This study was performed to determine whether the percentage of positive prostate biopsy cores could predict upgrading from a biopsy Gleason score of 6 or less to a prostatectomy Gleason score > or = 3+4 in low-risk patients to optimize selection for prostate only radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Concordance testing of the biopsy Gleason score and the primary and secondary prostatectomy Gleason grades was performed in 427 prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy and at low risk for PSA failure. Logistic regression multivariable analysis was performed to test the ability of the established prognostic factors and the percentage of positive prostate biopsies (<34%, 34-50%, >50%) to predict for upgrading from biopsy Gleason score of 6 or less prostatectomy Gleason score > or = 3+4. PSA failure-free survival was reported using the actuarial method of Kaplan and Meier and comparisons were made using a log-rank test. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent of the 427 study patients were upgraded from a biopsy Gleason score of 6 or less to a prostatectomy Gleason score > or = 3+4. The presence of greater than 50% positive biopsies was the only significant factor for predicting the upgrading from biopsy Gleason score of 6 or less to prostatectomy Gleason score > or = 3+4 on logistic regression multivariable analysis with the variables treated as continuous and categorical. Specifically, upgrading occurred in 26% vs. 59% of patients with 50% or less vs. greater than 50% positive biopsies, respectively. This translated into a 5-year PSA failure-free survival which was significantly higher (92% vs. 62%, p = 0.00001) for men with 50% or less vs. greater than 50% positive prostate biopsies, respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of greater than 50% positive biopsies was associated with higher rates of pathologic upgrading which translated into lower 5-year PSA failure-free survival following radical prostatectomy (RP). Therefore, the percentage of positive biopsies may be useful in optimizing the selection of low-risk patients for prostate only radiation therapy such as external beam radiation or implant monotherapy.     

The clinical utility of the percent of positive prostate biopsies in predicting biochemical outcome following external-beam radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer

PURPOSE: An investigation was performed of the clinical utility of the percent of positive prostate biopsies in predicting prostate-specific antigen (PSA) outcome following external-beam radiation therapy (RT) for men with PSA-detected or clinically palpable prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A Cox regression multivariable analysis was used to determine whether the percent of positive prostate biopsies provided clinically relevant information about PSA outcome following external beam RT in 473 men while accounting for the previously established risk groups based on the pretreatment PSA level, biopsy Gleason score, and the 1992 American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) clinical T stage. RESULTS: Controlling for the known prognostic factors, the percent of positive prostate biopsies added clinically significant information (p = 0.02) regarding time to PSA failure following RT. Specifically, 76% of the patients in the intermediate risk group (1992 AJCC T(2b) or biopsy Gleason 7 or PSA > 10 ng/mL and < or = 20 ng/mL) could be classified into either an 30% or 85% 5-year PSA control cohort using the preoperative prostate biopsy data. CONCLUSION: The previously validated stratification of PSA outcome following radical prostatectomy (RP) using the percent of positive prostate biopsies in intermediate-risk patients is also clinically significant for men treated with external beam RT. The percent positive prostate biopsies should be considered in conjunction with the PSA level, biopsy Gleason score, and 1992 AJCC clinical T stage when counseling patients with newly diagnosed and clinically localized prostate cancer about PSA outcome following RP or external beam RT.