HO-1对氧糖剥夺海马神经元的保护作用及机制的研究

目的研究HO-1对氧糖剥夺海马神经元的影响及其机制.方法将培养7d的大鼠海马神经元随机分为4组：正常培养组（C组）、正常培养＋血晶素组（C＋H组）、氧糖剥夺组（D组）、氧糖剥夺＋血晶素组（D＋H组）.C组正常培养方法培养.C＋H组在正常培养的神经元培养液中加入血晶素使其终浓度为10μmol/L后按正常培养24h.D组神经元进行缺糖、缺氧后复糖、复氧处理.D＋H组神经元用10μmol/L血晶素处理24h后进行缺糖、缺氧后复糖、复氧处理.进行神经元纯度鉴定,细胞存活率,HO-1-mRNA表达,HO-1、Apaf-1、Caspase3蛋白表达,细胞色素C和神经元凋亡的检测.结果C＋H组神经元HO-1-mRNA和HO-1表达高于C组（P〈0.01）,Apaf-1、Caspase3、细胞色素C、神经元存活率和神经元凋亡率变化无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;D组神经元HO-1-mRNA和HO-1表达高于C组（P〈0.01）,Apaf-1、Caspase3、细胞色素C高于C组（P〈0.01）,神经元存活率低于C组（P〈0.01）,神经元凋亡率高于C组（P〈0.01）;D＋H组神经元HO-1-mRNA和HO-1表达高于D组（P〈0.01）,Apaf-1、Caspase3、细胞色素C低于D组（P〈0.01）,神经元存活率高于D组（P〈0.01）,神经元凋亡率低于D组（P〈0.01）.结论HO-1降低细胞色素C的释放和Apaf-1、Caspase3的表达,抑制神经元的凋亡.     

七氟烷保护脑缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠海马机制的研究

目的：研究七氟烷预处理保护腑缺血-再灌注损伤Wistar大鼠海马神经元的机制。方法：40只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组（C组）、脑缺血-再灌注组（D组）、0．3MAC七氟烷＋腑缺血-再灌注组（S1组）、0．6MAC七氟烷＋脑缺血-再灌注组（S2组）和0．6MAC七氟烷＋锌原卟啉（Znpp）＋脯缺血-再灌注组（Z组）。果用阴动脉阻断法建立大鼠全脑缺血-再灌注模型。缺血20min，再灌注24h后处死大鼠取海马，测定大鼠海马组织中HO-1蛋白和HO-1-mHNA的表达水平，电镜下观察海马线粒体的变化。结果：与C组比较，D组大鼠海马组织中HO-1和HO-1-mRNA表达和海马神经细胞线粒体变性率升高。与D组比较，S1组大鼠海马HO-1和HO-1-mRNA表达升高、线粒体变性率降低。与S1组比较，S2组大鼠海马HO-1和HO-1-mRNA表达升高、细胞线粒体变性率降低。与S2组比较，Z组大鼠海马HO-1和HO-1-mRNA表达降低、线粒体变性率升高（P＜0.05）。结论：七氟烷通过诱导大鼠海马神经细胞HO-1基因表达，保护了神经细胞。     

HO-1对氧糖剥夺海马神经元线粒体运动调节蛋白的影响

目的 研究HO-1对氧糖剥夺海马神经元线粒体运动调节蛋白的影响.方法 将培养7 d的大鼠海马神经元随机分为4组:正常培养组(C组)、正常培养+血晶素组(C+H组)、氧糖剥夺组(D组)、氧糖剥夺+血晶素组(D+H组).C组正常培养方法 培养.C+H组在正常培养的神经元培养液中加入血晶素使其终浓度为10μmol/L后按正常培养24 h.D组神经元进行缺糖、缺氧后复糖、复氧处理.D+H组神经元用10μmol/L血晶素处理24 h后进行缺糖、缺氧后复糖、复氧处理.进行神经元纯度鉴定,细胞存活率,HO-1-mRNA表达,HO-1、Mirol、Miro2和Milton蛋白表达,神经元凋亡的检测.结果 C+H组神经元H0-1-mRNA和HO-1表达高于C组(P＜0.01),Mirol、Mirio2和Milton蛋白表达高于C组(P＜0.01),神经元存活率和神经元凋亡率变化无统计学差异(P＞0.05);D组神经元HO-1-mRNA和HO-1表达高于C组(P＜0.01),Mirol、Miro2和Milton蛋白高于C组(P＜0.01),神经元存活率低于C组(P＜0.01),神经元凋亡率高于C组(P＜0.01);D+H组神经元HO-1-mRNA和HO-1表达高于D组(P＜0.01),Mirol、Miro2和Milton蛋白高于D组(P＜0.01),神经元存活率高于D组(P＜0.01),神经元凋亡率低于D组(P＜0.01).结论 HO-1增加海马神经元线粒体运动调节蛋白Mirol、Miro2和Milton的表达,抑制神经元的凋亡.     

脱氟烷诱导神经元HO-1mRNA表达信号通路的研究

目的 研究脱氟烷(desflurane)诱导氧糖剥夺损伤神经元血红素氧合酶-1表达的信号转导通路,探讨脱氟烷脑保护机制.方法 将96孔和6孔培养板上培养7d的大鼠海马神经元随机分为6组(n=12):正常培养组(C组),神经元按正常培养方法培养;氧糖剥夺组(I/R组),神经元缺糖缺氧后复糖复氧处理;氧糖剥夺 6% desflurane组(Des组),神经元缺糖缺氧的同时接受6% desflurane麻醉;氧糖剥夺 6% desflurane 10μmol/L tin-protoporphyrin (HO-1抑制剂)组(Tin组)、氧糖剥夺 6% desflurane 10μmol/L LY 294002 (PI3-K抑制剂)组(LY组)、氧糖剥夺 6% desflurane 10μmol/L Triciribin (Akt抑制剂)组(Tri组)神经元进行缺糖同时分别加入tin-protoporphyrin、 LY 294002或Triciribin使其终浓度均为10μmol/L后同D组处理.96孔培养板的神经元进行细胞存活率的检测.6孔培养板的神经元进行神经元纯度鉴定、神经元凋亡、HO-1mRNA表达、PI3-K和Akt蛋白表达的检测.结果 Des组PI3K和Akt蛋白表达增加,HO-1mRNA表达增加,神经元存活率增加、凋亡率降低(vs I/R组,P<0.01).Tin组PI3K和Akt蛋白表达变化不明显(vs Des组,P0.05), HO-1mRNA表达降低,神经元存活率降低、凋亡率增加 (vs Des组,P<0.01). LY组PI3K和Akt表达降低,HO-1mRNA表达降低,神经元存活率降低、凋亡率增加(vs Des组,P<0.05或P<0.01). Tri组PI3K表达变化不明显(vs Des组,P0.05), Akt表达降低,HO-1mRNA表达降低,神经元存活率降低、凋亡率增加(vs Des组,P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 Desflurane通过PI3-K/Akt信号转导通路诱导大鼠海马神经元HO-1表达,保护了神经元.     

血晶素对缺氧缺糖海马脑片的保护作用及其分子机制

目的观察血晶素（Hemin）对海马脑片氧糖剥离（OGD）模型的保护作用并探讨其机制。方法取新生8～10dSD大鼠,制备厚约400μm海马脑片,培养2周后筛取完好无特异荧光着色的脑片,分为正常培养对照组（HOTC）、缺氧缺糖组（OGD）、预加Hemin再缺氧缺糖组（Hemin＋0GD）和预加血红素加氧酶-1（Heme oxygenase-1,HO-1）抑制剂锌原卟啉（Znpp）再缺氧缺糖组（Znpp＋OGD）。除HOTC组外,其余各组在5％C02、95％N2的混合气体中培养1．5小时,其后恢复培养24小时。海马脑片冰冻连续冠状切片,应用免疫组织化学染色和图像分析处理技术观察海马脑片脑红蛋白（Neuroglobin,Ngb）和HO-1表达变化,并观察神经元形态学改变。结果海马脑片发生缺氧缺糖时,神经元中Ngb蛋白和HO-1蛋白表达增加,血晶素促进神经元Ngb蛋白和HO-1蛋白表达,并减轻海马脑片缺糖缺氧性损伤。Znpp抑制神经元Ngb蛋白和HO-1蛋白表达,并加重海马脑片缺糖缺氧性损伤。结论血晶素可减轻海马脑片缺糖缺氧性损伤,其机制可能通过诱导HO-1表达从而增加神经元Ngb表达发挥作用。     

血红素氧合酶-1对体外氧糖剥夺海马神经元Caspase-12表达抑制作用的研究

目的研究HO-1对氧糖剥夺海马神经元Caspase-12的影响及其机制.方法将培养7d的大鼠海马神经元随机分为4组：正常培养组（C组）、正常培养＋血晶素组（C＋H组）、氧糖剥夺组（D组）、氧糖剥夺＋血晶素组（D＋H组）.C组正常培养方法培养.C＋H组在正常培养的神经元培养液中加入血晶素使其终浓度为10μmol/L后按正常培养24h.D组神经元进行缺糖、缺氧后复糖、复氧处理.D＋H组神经元用10μmol/L血晶素处理24h后进行缺糖、缺氧后复糖、复氧处理.进行神经元纯度鉴定,细胞存活率的检测,HO-1、Caspase-12、Caspase-3蛋白表达和神经元凋亡的检测.结果C＋H组神经元HO-1表达高于C组（P〈0.01）,Caspase-12、Caspase-3、神经元存活率和神经元凋亡率变化无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;D组神经元HO-1表达高于C组（P〈0.01）,Caspase-12、Caspase-3高于C组（P〈0.01）,神经元存活率低于C组（P〈0.01）,神经元凋亡率高于C组（P〈0.01）;D＋H组神经元HO-1表达高于D组（P〈0.01）,Caspase-12、Caspase-3低于D组（P〈0.01）,神经元存活率高于D组（P〈0.01）,神经元凋亡率低于D组（P〈0.01）.结论HO-1可抑制氧糖剥夺海马神经元Caspase-12的表达,从而抑制神经元的凋亡.     

血晶素对缺氧缺糖海马脑片血红素加氧酶-1表达的影响

目的 观察血晶素(hemin)对缺氧缺糖(OGD)海马脑片损伤的保护作用及其对血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)蛋白表达的影响.方法 取新生8～10d SD大鼠海马脑片,培养2周.将脑片分为正常培养对照组(HOTC),缺氧缺糖组(OGD),预加Hemin再缺氧缺糖组(Hemin+OGD),预加HO-1抑制剂锌原卟啉(Znpp)再缺氧缺糖组(Znpp+OGD).应用免疫组织化学染色和图像分析处理技术观察海马脑片HO-1蛋白表达,并观察神经元和星形胶质细胞形态学改变.结果 HO-1在正常海马脑片的神经元和星形胶质细胞中均有弱阳性表达.与对照组比较,OGD组海马已失去正常结构,锥体细胞发生坏死,HO-1蛋白表达增强.与OGD组相比,Hemin+OGD组海马脑片形态基本正常,锥体细胞数较多,HO-1蛋白的表达明显增强.Znpp+OGD组海马结构消失,HO-1蛋白表达明显减弱.结论 血晶素对缺氧缺糖海马脑片损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与其诱导神经元和星形胶质细胞表达HO-1蛋白密切相关.     

七氟烷后处理对原代海马神经元氧糖剥夺/复氧损伤及自噬的影响

目的 探讨七氟烷后处理对原代海马神经元氧糖剥夺/复氧(OGD/R)损伤、氧化应激及自噬的影响。方法 取(18±0.5)d孕鼠子宫内胎鼠海马组织,收集海马神经元进行培养,7d后培养的海马神经元随机分为3组：正常对照组(CON组)、氧糖剥夺/复氧组(OGD/R组)、七氟烷后处理组(OGD/R+SEVO组)。CON组正常培养;OGD/R组：氧糖剥夺1.5 h,复氧复糖24 h,建立OGD/R损伤模型;OGD/R+SEVO组经氧糖剥夺后即刻予2.4%七氟烷后处理1 h,复氧复糖23 h。处理结束后,比色法检测各组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性,原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测各组神经元凋亡变化,免疫荧光法检测各组神经元线粒体活性氧和微管相关蛋白1轻链3B(LC3B)的表达,Western blot检测丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(PINK1)、E3泛素连接酶(Parkin)的表达。结果 与CON组比较,OGD/R组LDH释放增加(P<0.01),神经元凋亡增加,线粒体活性氧和自噬标志性蛋白LC3B表达增加(P<0.01), PINK1蛋白和Parkin蛋白表达上调(P<0.001,P<...     

七氟烷诱导大鼠海马HO-1基因表达机制的研究

目的:研究七氟烷诱导神经元血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)基因表达的信号转导通路,探讨七氟烷脑保护机制.方法:40只Wis'ar大鼠[年龄(3～4)个月,体重120g～220g]随机分为对照组(C组)、脑缺血-再灌注组(D组)、0.3MAC七氟烷+脑缺血-再灌注组(S1组)、0.6MAC七氟烷+脑缺血-再灌注组(S2纽)和0.6MAC七氟烷+U-0126+脑缺血一再灌注组(U组).测定大鼠海马组织中HO-1-mRNA和ERK1/2、Nri2、AP-1、HO-1蛋白的表达水平,电镜下观察海马线粒体的变化.结果:D组大鼠海马组织中HO-1基因表达增加,ERK1/2、Nrl2和AP-1蛋白表达增加(P均<0.05),海马神经细胞线粒体变性率升高(P<0.01).S1组和s2组HO-1基殿表达增加,ERK1/2和Nrf2蛋白表达增加,线粒体变性率降低(P<0.01),AP-1蛋白表达变化不明旺(P>0.05).u组HO-1基因表达降低,ERK1/2和Nrf2蛋白表达降低,线粒体变性率升高(P<0.01),AP-1蛋白表达表达变化不明显(P>0.05).结论:七氟烷通过ERK1/2/Nrf2信号通路诱导大鼠海马神经细胞HO-1基因表达,保护了海马神经细胞.     

TRPM7在七氟烷预处理抑制大鼠氧糖剥夺海马神经元凋亡和炎症反应中的作用

目的 探讨瞬时受体电位通道M7 (TRPM7)在七氟烷(Sev)预处理抑制大鼠氧糖剥夺(OGD)海马神经元凋亡和炎症反应中的作用.方法选择出生1d的SD大鼠50只,提取海马神经元,将其分为5组,包括对照组、Sev预处理组(Sev组)、OGD组、Sev预处理+OGD组(Sev+OGD组)和Sev预处理十缓激肽+OGD组(联合组).缺糖缺氧1.5h后复糖复氧,再正常培养24 h后制备OGD模型.对照组海马神经元仅做正常培养;Sev组海马神经元行2％ Sev预处理1 h;OGD组海马神经元仅制备OGD模型;Sev+OGD组神经元行2％ Sev预处理1h,24 h后制备OGD模型;联合组神经元Sev预处理同时在培养基中加入缓激肽(终浓度200 μmol/L),其余处理同Sev+OGD组.正常培养24 h时后,检测海马神经元TRPM7 mRNA和蛋白表达水平、存活率和凋亡率、IL-1β、TNF-α的mRNA及上清蛋白表达水平.结果 与对照组比较,OGD组海马神经元TRPM7 mRNA及蛋白表达水平、凋亡率、IL-1β、TNF-α mRNA及上清蛋白表达水平明显升高(P＜0.05),而存活率明显降低(P＜0.05).与OGD组比较,Sev组海马神经元TRPM7 mRNA及蛋白表达水平、凋亡率、IL-1β、TNF-α mRNA及上清蛋白表达水平明显降低(P＜0.05),而存活率明显升高(P＜0.05).与Sev组比较,联合组海马神经元TRPM7 mRNA及蛋白表达水平、凋亡率、IL-1β、TNF-α mRNA及上清蛋白表达水平明显升高(P＜0.05),而存活率显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 Sev预处理可通过缓解神经元TRPM7过度表达,减轻OGD后海马神经元凋亡和炎症反应.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.