手指多段离断再植的临床研究

目的回顾性分析手指多段离断再植的临床效果。方法对于手指末节、指尖部的断指再植，吻合1条动脉及1条指腹静脉或者吻合1条动脉加拨甲、小切口放血处理，或者行动静脉转流等方法恢复断指血循环；手指中节和近节的离断再植吻合两侧指动脉和2条以上指背静脉，如血管损伤严重，可行浅静脉移植或者邻指动脉移植桥接。结果再植45例81指165段，成活150段，成活率91％。结论手指多段离断再植技术要求高，术中高质量的血管吻合及对血管损伤的有效处理，可以提高断指再植的成活率。加强功能锻炼是再植手指功能恢复的重要环节。     

手指末节断指再植320例临床分析

目的探讨手指末节离断伤断指再植的手术治疗效果。方法对320例断指患者采用急诊在显微镜下进行断指再植手术。结果手指离断伤386指经再植手术后,成活325指,坏死42指,局部感染19指,成活率为84．2％,术后患指功能及外观恢复均较满意。结论手指末节离断伤断指再植是在恢复患指正常解剖的基础上重建血液循环,其目的是达到恢复再植手指的功能和外观。     

挤压性断指再植的几个技术问题探讨

目的探讨手指挤压离断再植的手术方法及影响成活的因素和对策。方法对65例82指挤压指完全离断的病例进行再植，为提高手术的成功率，术中尽可能多的吻合指背及指掌侧静脉，对血管挫伤严重的手指采用血管移植、血管神经束转位、带血管皮瓣转移等方法进行再植修复；根据术后血小板活化的程度或临床表现，用适量尿激酶以纠正高血凝状态，以提高毛细血管的灌注。结果82个断指中成活78指，成活率95．1％，42例得到随访，随访时间6个月～3年，平均1年5个月，手指外形及感觉、运动功能恢复满意。按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定，优52指，良21指，差5指，优良率93．6％。结论挤压伤断指只要手指外形未完全破坏，远端可寻见能吻合的血管，通过血管移植、血管神经束转位、静脉皮瓣转移等方法，应尽可能的进行再植修复，有较高的再植成活率。     

仅掌侧皮肤相连的多指离断再植的临床研究

目的探讨仅掌侧皮肤相连的多指离断伤的再植方法和疗效。方法对2006年5月-2012年6月收治的10例40指仅掌侧皮肤相连的多指不完全性离断伤患者采用变更再植操作次序的方法进行断指再植术。结果术后40指均成活,成活率100％。随访1-5年,手指优良40指,优良率100％。结论采用变更再植操作次序的再植方法治疗仅掌侧皮肤相连的多指不完全性离断伤,保留了相连的掌侧皮肤,促进断指静脉回流,缩短了手术时间,提高了断指成活率,疗效满意,是治疗仅掌侧皮肤相连的多指不完全性离断伤的好方法。     

手部多平面离断再植及康复

目的 探究手部多平面离断伤再植术及康复方法。方法 自2014年4月至2021年1月,苏州大学附属瑞华医院手外科对15例（58段）手部多平面离断伤患者进行再植术。其中断腕、断掌并断指1例（3段）,断腕并断掌2例（4段）,断掌并断指6例（29段）,手指多平面离断6例（22段）。行术前评估,术后指导患者进行康复训练治疗。结果 15例（58段）肢体中54段再植肢体成活,再植成活率为93.1%。术后随访3～20个月,平均9个月。再植成活肢体皮肤质地较好,外形饱满,感觉恢复S2～S4,两点分辨觉6～12 mm。根据中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准评定再植指体功能,手功能优良率为80%。结论 手部多平面离断伤经术前评估、术中快速再植和术后康复训练可获得满意的成活率和临床疗效。     

多指离断再植的临床研究

目的探讨多指离断的再植方法和疗效。方法在放大16倍的手术显微镜下,采用多个手指同时进行清创、骨固定、伸屈肌腱修复、血管吻合及神经缝接的方法,对3指以上断指31例120指进行再植。结果再植后115指成活,5指坏死,成活率95％。术后随访1～5年,本组优良101指,优良率88％。结论采用多个手指同时进行再植的方法,可简化操作步骤,明显缩短再植时间,并且疗效满意,为多指离断再植提供了一个好的治疗方法。     

特殊类型断指再植的临床总结

目的 总结特殊类型断指的再植方法及临床效果。方法 对手指末节及指尖离断、多指及多平面离断、辗压性离断、旋转撕脱及套脱离断、小儿断指及手指复合小组织块离断伤，根据不同的伤情采用不同的方法再植。结果 再植234例，存活228例，成活率97．4％。其中186例经3个月～4年随访，功能恢复优良率88．4％。结论 各种特殊类型的断指，应用显微外科技术进行再植，均可取得很高的成活率。再植指外形与功能康复是判定是否再植的主要标准。     

再植指指屈肌腱粘连松解后的疗效分析

目的探讨断指再植后指屈肌腱粘连松解术的疗效。方法手指中、近节离断再植成活后，Ⅱ区指屈肌腱粘连的发生率高达９８％。对１６例２９指再植指鞘内指屈肌腱粘连行松解手术后配合积极的主动屈指功能训练及系列的康复治疗。结果经过３～１２个月的随访，疗效按ＴＡＭ评定标准评定，１７指达优良，优良率为５８．６％。８指为中，伤因均系绞轧伤或冲压伤。２例４指无效或失败，占１．４％。该２例虽为电锯伤，但失败１例术后过早开始作抗阻力锻炼，导致肌腱断裂。无效１例因术后未进行正确的功能锻炼。结论切割伤再植指屈肌腱作松解后的疗效优于绞轧伤再植指。肌腱松解术后进行系统的正规的康复治疗，有助于功能的恢复。术后２个月内不应作抗强阻力的锻炼。     

特殊类型断指再植的治疗

目的探讨特殊类型断指再植的方法和疗效。方法根据末节断指、小儿断指、撕脱性离断断指、多指离断及多段离断断指,采用不同的方法再植。结果共176例再植220指,成活214指,成活率97．27％。术后经2月～6年的随访,按中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准评定：优125指,良78指,差17指,优良率92．27％。结论特殊类型断指采用合适的方法再植,可获得较高的成活率及较好的外形与功能。     

挤压旋转撕脱性断指再植方法的选择

目的 报道挤压旋转撕脱性断指再植不同手术方法的临床效果。方法 1993年5月-2002年6月，对挤压旋转撕脱性手指完全离断实施断指再植66例72指，其中应用自体小静脉移植17例23指，采用掌、指固有动脉全段移位10例10指，进行邻指指固有动脉远端血管局部转位39例39指。结果 自体小静脉移植组的断指再植成活9例13指，采用掌、指固有动脉全段移位再植成活9例9指，1例部分成活，而进行邻指指固有动脉远端血管局部转位的39例39指全部成活。所有成活病例术后随访6个月～5年，按对断指再植功能标准评定，三种手术方法优良率分别为68．8％、86．7％、95．6％。结论 挤压旋转撕脱性手指完全离断，应用邻指指固有动脉远端血管局部转位治疗效果良好，是一种实用有效的再植方法。     

Preliminary evaluation of the results of thumb replantation in the material of Plastic Surgery Clinic CMKP in Warsaw in 1983-1996]

Forty-four patients underwent thumb replantation (after complete amputation) at Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education at Warsaw between 1983 and 1996. There were 41 males and 3 females aged 13-58 years (mean 29 years). In 16 patients other fingers were also amputated. Circular saw wounds prevailed (27 patients--61%). Replantation time ranged from 3 hours to almost 12 hours (mean 6.5 h). In 38 cases (86%) the replanted thumb survived. Half of the failures occurred before 1988. In all types of amputation including avulsion good results were achieved with reversed vein grafts and vessels rerouting from the index finger (from among 7 avulsed thumbs 6 survived). Surgical technique modification according to the injury type has been discussed.     

指尖套脱性离断再植

目的 探讨指尖套脱性离断再植的手术适应证及方法.方法 2005年至2009年,对14例21指指尖套脱性断指进行再植.术中吻合指动脉21指;吻合指腹静脉7指,指动脉静脉化2指,未吻合指腹静脉而行伤口放置皮片、生理盐水点滴12指.方果 术后20指存活,1指坏死,成活率为95.2%.随访9例15指(5例失访),随访时间为4个月至4年.再植手指外形和指甲生长良好,关节活动度正常.指端两点分辨觉平均为4mm.方论 指尖套脱性离断指体再植后功能恢复良好,不论是否吻合静脉,只要有可供吻接的动脉应尽量对其进行再植.     

467例734个复杂性断指再植方法的选择与探讨

目的 探讨复杂性断指的分型及再植方法。方法 对467例734个复杂性断指依照伤情和术式结合的方法进行分类。对旋转性断指、脱套性断指、多节段性断指、伴皮肤神经血管缺损的断指、伴部分复合组织块缺损的断指、指尖离断及多指离断，分别采用不同的方法进行再植。结果 734个断指再植后存活721指，存活率达98．3％。术后随访到418例，共随访6～13个月。以最后1次随访结果为准，按中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准评定，优284例，良95例，差39例，优良率达到90．7％。结论 复杂性断指的再植方法各异，正确判断伤情，选择最佳的手术方案是保证手术成功的重要前提。     

小儿末节压砸断指的临床特点及其血管处理

目的 探讨小儿末节压砸断指的临床特点、血管处理以及临床效果.方法 2005年1月至2009年8月,对28例38指11个月至11.5岁的小儿患者,按照Ishikawa末节断指分区的血管特点,在放大12～15倍手术显微镜视下进行断指再植术.结果 38指断指再植存活35指,坏死3指;成活率为92.1%.术后随访3个月至3年,除3指Ⅳ区断指因骨骺组织碾压伤、发育稍侧偏畸形外,其余患儿再植指指甲、指腹外形良好.按中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准评定:优18指,良14指,差3指;优良率达91.4%.结论 小儿末节断指常为钝性损伤所致,压砸性断指多见,但只要熟练掌握小儿末节断指不同区域的血管特点,细心地清创和精确地吻合血管,仍可获得理想的成功率,小儿末节压砸断指应争取再植.     

A Unique Case of Replantation of Previously Replanted Fingers

Replantation of digital amputations is now the accepted standard of care. However, rarely will a replantation surgeon be presented with amputated fingers which have been previously replanted. In our literature search, we could find only one publication where a replanted thumb suffered amputation and was successfully replanted again. We report the technical challenges and the outcome of replanting two fingers which suffered amputation 40 months after the initial replantation and were successfully replanted again. Replantation was critical since the amputated fingers were the only two complete fingers in that hand which had initially suffered a four-finger amputation. The second-time replantation of previously replanted fingers is reported to allay the concern of the reconstructive surgeon when faced with this unique situation of “repeat amputation of the replanted finger.” Second-time replantation is feasible and is associated with high-patient satisfaction. Replantation must be attempted especially in the event of multiple digit amputations.     

Amputation of finger by horse bite with complete avulsion of both flexor tendons

Amputation of fingers with tendon avulsion occurs through a traction injury, and most occur through a ring avulsion mechanism. Usually the flexor digitorum profundus is torn out with the amputated finger. Replantation usually is recommended only when the amputation is distal to the flexor digitorum superficialis insertion. Animal bites are relatively common, with a decreasing order of frequency of dogs, cats, and humans. Horse bites are relatively infrequent but are associated with crush injuries and tissue loss when they occur. This article describes a 23-year-old man with amputation of his middle finger at the level of the proximal phalanx after being bitten by a horse. The amputated stump was avulsed with the middle finger flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis torn from the muscle-tendon junction from approximately the middle of the forearm. The patient had no other injuries, and he was able to move his other 4 fingers with only mild pain. As the amputated digit was not suitable for replantation, the wound was irrigated and debrided. The edges of the phalanx were trimmed, and the edges of the wound were sutured. Tetanus toxoid and rabies vaccine were administered, along with intravenous amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The patient was discharged from the hospital 2 days later, with no sign of infection of the wound or compartment syndrome of the forearm. This case demonstrates the weakest point in the myotendinous junction and emphasizes the importance of a careful physical examination in patients with a traumatic amputation.     

双干型静脉皮瓣在撕脱性断指再植中的应用

目的 报告双干型静脉皮瓣在撕脱性断指再植中的应用和临床效果.方法 2007年3月至2009年6月,采用前臂双干型静脉皮瓣游离移植修复伴有皮肤软组织缺损的撕脱性断指6例,损伤至入院时间为30 min至8 h,切取皮瓣面积为1.8cm×1.8cm～2.2 cm×5.8cm,供区创面直接缝合.结果 术后6例伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,断指再植全部存活;5例静脉皮瓣无肿胀,顺利存活;1例皮瓣早期肿胀明显,紫红色,并见散在小水泡,经拆除部分缝线、换药等对症处理后顺利存活.术后随访时间为6个月至2年.皮瓣及再植手指血运好,皮瓣质地软,弹性好、耐磨.根据中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准评定;优4例,良1例,可1例;优良率为82.5%.结论 采用前臂掌侧双干型静脉皮瓣游离移植修复伴有皮肤软组织缺损的撕脱性断指,能最大程度地恢复手指的功能和外形.

Abstract：

Objective To report the application and results of venous flap with double vein trunks in replantation of degloved fingers.Methods From March 2007 to June 2009, 6 cases of soft tissue defect in the degloved finger were replanted with venous flap with double vein trunks.The interval between injury and operation was 30 minutes to 8 hours.All fingers were replanted by arterialized free venous flap from the ipsilateral forearm with double vein trunks.The flap was 1.8 cm×1.8 cm to 2.2 cm× 5.8 cm in size.The donor site was directly closed.Results Primary wound healing was observed in all 6 cases postoperatively.All the replanted fingers survived completely.In 5 cases the venous flaps survived uneventfully.In 1 case there was partial superficial necrosis of the flap which healed with conservative management.Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months.The flaps and fingers had good circulation, good texture and color match.According to the criteria for functional assessment of amputated finger issued by the Chinese Hand Surgery Society, the results were graded as excellent in4cases, goodin 1 case, andfairin 1 case.Theoverall excellent rate was 82.5%.Conclusion Replantation of degloved finger with fransfer of venous flap with double vein trunks is capable of repairing pulp soft tissue defect and maximizing the restoration of finger appearance and function.     

Per Primam thumb replantation for all patients with traumatic amputations

Forty-two complete thumb replantations performed between 1980 and 1984 were reviewed. The mean follow-up time was 14 months. Replantation was attempted for all thumb amputations regardless of mechanism or severity of injury. Sixteen (38%) failed intraoperatively or postoperatively. Thumbs with narrow zones of injury showed a significantly higher survival rate than those with wide zones of injury. Eighty percent of those with poor arterial flow intraoperatively ultimately failed, despite pharmacologic treatment and multiple vein-graft anastomoses. Two thumbs with no vein repairs ultimately survived. Reexploration for loss of perfusion succeeded in 60% of cases. Total metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal active motion postoperatively averaged 68 degrees. Median static two-point discrimination returned to 11 mm. Avulsed thumbs survived in 46% of cases. Replantation should be attempted in all cases of thumb amputation, as success cannot be predicted by mechanism or severity of injury. Thumbs with poor intraoperative flow (20%) or no venous return (50%) can survive and should not be primarily amputated. Vein grafting is not mandatory if shortening allows anastomoses to be tension free. Prompt reexploration of acute vascular occlusions is worthwhile.