苯磺酰基呋咱氮氧化物与双氯芬酸偶联化合物的合成及抗炎活性

目的　研究高效低毒的双氯芬酸(DC)偶联化合物。方法　以酯键或酰胺键将一氧化氮(NO)供体3 ,4-二苯磺酰基呋咱氮氧化物与DC偶联,观察偶联物对二甲苯致炎小鼠和角叉菜胶致炎大鼠的抗炎活性及对大鼠胃肠道反应,研究体内外偶联物的NO释放。结果　合成了11个新化合物(I_1-11) ,其结构经MS ,IR ,¹HNMR和元素分析确证。I_1-5,I₉显示抗炎活性,其中I₄ 和I₅活性与DC相当,胃肠道副作用显著小于DC ,体内外均释放NO。结论　苯磺酰基呋咱氮氧化物与DC偶联的化合物可保留DC抗炎活性,降低DC胃肠道不良反应。     

苯磺酰基呋咱氮氧化物与双氯芬酸偶联化合物的合成及抗炎活性

目的　研究高效低毒的双氯芬酸 (DC)偶联化合物。方法　以酯键或酰胺键将一氧化氮 (NO)供体 3 ,4 二苯磺酰基呋咱氮氧化物与DC偶联 ,观察偶联物对二甲苯致炎小鼠和角叉菜胶致炎大鼠的抗炎活性及对大鼠胃肠道反应 ,研究体内外偶联物的NO释放。结果　合成了 11个新化合物 (I1 - 1 1 ) ,其结构经MS ,IR ,1 HNMR和元素分析确证。I1 - 5,I9显示抗炎活性 ,其中I4 和I5活性与DC相当 ,胃肠道副作用显著小于DC ,体内外均释放NO。结论　苯磺酰基呋咱氮氧化物与DC偶联的化合物可保留DC抗炎活性 ,降低DC胃肠道不良反应。     

一氧化氮供体型塞曲司特衍生物的设计、合成和抗哮喘活性

目的寻找新型抗哮喘药物。方法以抗哮喘药塞曲司特(SD)为母核，将不同类型的一氧化氮(NO)供体, 包括噁三唑类、n-羟基胍类和呋咱氮氧化合物类与其相偶联；通过对乙酰胆碱-组胺所致豚鼠哮喘的抑制作用来评价偶联物的抗哮喘活性；研究偶联物的NO释放作用。结果合成了9个未见文献报道的目标化合物I1~9，结构经IR，NMR，MS及元素分析确证。初步药理试验表明，目标化合物I2~7和I9具有显著的抗哮喘活性(引喘潜伏期由SD的10 s延长到26~62 s)，其中I₄,I₆,I₇的活性强于SD(_P<0.05,_P<0.01)，体外释放NO的C_max分别为0.187 8,0.139 3和0.247 3 mg·L^-1。结论NO供体型塞曲司特衍生物具有进一步研究的价值。     

对甲磺酰基苯乙烯环酮类衍生物的合成及抗炎活性

目的寻找新型高效低毒的非甾体抗炎药。方法合成对甲磺酰基苯乙烯环酮类衍生物，用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀模型评价其抗炎活性，并考察连续经口给药对大鼠胃肠道（GI）的影响。结果合成了9个新化合物（ZA_1-9），结构经IR，¹HNMR，MS和元素分析确证。小鼠试验表明ZA_3,5-9的抗炎活性与双氯芬酸钠(DC)和罗非昔布(RC)相当(P>0.05)，大鼠试验显示ZA_3,7,8的抗炎活性与DC和RC相当(P>0.05)， ZA₆的抗炎作用显著强于DC和RC(P<0.05)，ZA_3,5-9对GI损伤显著小于DC (P<0.05，P<0.01)，与RC相当(P>0.05)。结论对甲磺酰基苯乙烯环酮类衍生物的抗炎作用较强，GI不良反应小，值得进一步研究。     

α-取代的对甲磺酰基苯丙烯酰胺的合成及抗炎活性

目的寻找高效低毒的非甾体抗炎药。方法合成α-取代的对甲磺酰基苯丙烯酰胺，评价其抗炎活性，并考察连续经口给药对大鼠胃肠道（GI）的影响。结果合成了25个新化合物（II1-25），其结构经IR、¹H NMR、MS和元素分析确证。角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀模型试验结果显示，12个化合物(II1,3,5,7,8,10-12,17,18,20,23)的抗炎活性与双氯芬酸钠（DC）和罗非昔布（RC）相当（P>0.05）。其中II3,8,10,11,18,20的GI副作用均显著小于DC(P<0.01)，与RC和羧甲基纤继素钠(CMC-Na)无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论α-取代的对甲磺酰基苯丙烯酰胺抗炎活性强，GI不良反应低，值得深入研究。     

6-(4′-取代酰胺基苯基)-4,5-二氢-3(2H)-哒嗪酮类化合物的合成及其抑制血小板聚集作用

目的：6-(4′-取代苯基)-4,5-二氢-3(2H)-哒嗪酮类化合物的合成及抗血小板聚集活性的研究。方法：通过付-克反应、碳链延长、水解和环合反应得到两个关键中间体,然后通过酰化反应制得各种酰胺化合物;参考Born比浊法测定目标化合物的抗血小板聚集活性。结果：设计合成了24个6-(4′-取代酰胺基苯基)-4,5-二氢-3(2H)-哒嗪酮类化合物,22个为首次报道;所有化合物在体外对ADP诱导的兔血小板聚集均有不同程度的抑制作用,第II类化合物的抑制作用强于第I类化合物,其中I₁,I₃,II₁,II₃,II₄,II₆和II₉的抑制作用均强于对照药CI-930,其中II₁和II₃的抑制作用最强,其IC₅₀约为CI-930的1/10。结论：其中一些化合物显示较强的抗血小板聚集活性,值得进一步研究。     

抗癌抗生素C1027与单克隆抗体Fab片段偶联物的抗肝癌作用

抗人肝癌单克隆抗体(单抗)3A₅用木瓜蛋白酶消化得到Fab片段。单抗3A₅和Fab片段分别与抗癌抗生素C1027偶联,偶联物经克隆生成法测定对肝癌细胞有很强的杀伤作用,C1027,Fab-C1027和3;3A₅-C1027的IC₅₀分别为6.5×10^-16,8.6×10^-16和4.2×10^-14mol·L^-1;Fab-C1027偶联物对非靶细胞(KB)的IC₅₀值为1.4×10^-13mol·L^-1,与靶细胞(BEL-7402)的IC₅₀值相比,两者相差160倍。说明Fab-C1027的杀伤活性强于3A₅-C1027,并对靶细胞呈选择性杀伤作用。给皮下移植人肝癌的裸鼠iv剂量0.1 mg·kg^-1,结果C1027和Fab-C1027的抑瘤率分别为59和85%,说明Fab片段与C1027偶联物比游离C1027的疗效更高。     

四氢异喹啉类化合物的合成和抗血小板聚集活性

某些异喹啉化合物有抗血小板聚集活性,如喘速宁的纯光学异构体R-(+)体有较明显的抗血小板聚集作用。本文重点对四氢异喹啉母核(I₁～I₄)的2位进行取代基修饰,共合成了14个化合物。体外药理筛选结果初步表明,大部分化合物有一定的抗血小板聚集活性,其中II₃,II₅,II₇,II₈和II₁₀活性较强。     

烟酰胺类和吡啶丙烯酰胺类衍生物的合成及扩血管活性

Eighteen nicotinamides(I_1～12)and pyridylacrylamides(II_1～15)have beensynthesized. All synthesized amides were submitted to phannacological screening and 0.1um·L^-1(10^-7M)-noradrenaline induced contraction of the rat aortic strip was taken aS criterion,The amidesI_3,4 and II_1,2 showed more potent vasodilating activity than compounds I_12,13 and II_3,4.     

1, 5-二芳基取代-1, 2, 4-三唑类衍生物的合成、 抗炎活性及其构效关系研究

摘 要：目的 寻找高活性的选择性环氧合酶-2抑制剂，探讨其构效关系。方法 根据已上市的选择性环氧合酶-2抑制剂celecoxib的构效关系以及分子模拟研究的结果，设计了两类1,5-二芳基取代-1,2,4-三唑类衍生物，以1-(4-取代苯基)-3-硫代氨基脲为原料，经多步反应合成目标化合物；用小鼠二甲苯致炎模型对目标化合物进行体外抗炎活性测试。结果与结论 合成了22个未见文献报道的新化合物，所有目标化合物的结构经IR、¹H-NMR、MS谱和元素分析确证。生物活性研究表明，化合物I₃、I₉、I₁₂、I₁₅、II₂、II₃、II₆、II₇具有较强的抗炎活性（P<0.01），其中化合物II₂、 II₃、 II₆的抗炎活性最强。构效关系分析发现，在三唑环1位芳基的对位引入F、Cl、Br吸电子基团以及3位引入磺酰基和甲硫基，对抗炎活性有重要的意义；在三唑环5位芳基的对位引入氨磺酰基，对抗炎活性有较大影响。     

Synthesis and analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of some new (6-acyl-2-benzoxazolinone and 6-acyl-2-benzothiazolinone derivatives with acetic acid and propanoic acid residues

In this study for developing potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds, we synthesized 6-acyl-2-benzoxazolinone and 6-acyl-2-benzothiazolinone derivatives with acetic acid and propanoic acid side chain, and performed preliminary screening of their in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities at a single dose of 100 mg/kg inmice by a p-benzoquinone-induced writhing test and a Carrageenaninduced hind paw edema model, respectively. We also determined their gastric ulceration effects in the tested animals. Propanoic acid derivatives were generally found to have higher analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, and among them, 3-(6-benzoyl-2-benzothiazolinon-3-yl)propanoic acid (Compound 4 a) exhibited the highest analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. However, all compounds showed lower anti-inflammatory effects than we observed for indomethacin at 10 mg/kg dose. Consequently, 6-acyl-2-benzoxazolinone/2-benzothiazolinones having propanoic acid side chain might lead to further studies for developing better candidates with potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects while acetic acid derivatives do not exhibit comparable satisfactory features.     

5,6-二芳基-2,3-二氢-1-吡咯里嗪酮类化合物的合成及抗炎镇痛活性

目的寻找高效低毒、有抗炎镇痛活性的新的吡咯里嗪酮类化合物。方法以二芳基取代杂环类COX-2选择性抑制剂为模板,以吡里酮为母体,设计并合成了5,6-二芳基-2,3-二氢-1-吡咯里嗪酮类化合物。用IR,¹HNMR和MS确定其结构。用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法和小鼠醋酸扭体法测定这些化合物的(po 200mg·kg^-1)抗炎及镇痛活性。结果合成了17个新化合物(1-17)。生物实验结果显示,多数化合物有一定的抗炎和(或)镇痛活性。结论化合物3,8,11,14和15抗炎活性优于对照药布洛芬;化合物9,10和11镇痛活性接近于对照药布洛芬,值得进一步研究。     

Synthesis,analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of new methyl-imidazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles

Background

Long-term clinical employment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with significant side effects including gastrointestinal (GI) lesions and kidney toxicity. In this paper we designed and synthesized new imidazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles by molecular hybridization of previously described anti-inflammatory compounds in the hope of obtaining new safer analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.

Methods

The target structures were synthesized by preparation of 5-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 5. The reaction of hydrazine hydrate with this ester afforded the 5-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide 6 which was converted to target compounds 7-15 according to the known procedures. In silico toxicity risk assessment and drug likeness predictions were done, in order to consider the privileges of the synthesized structures as drug candidates.

Results and discussion

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory profile of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by writhing and carrageenan induced rat paw edema tests respectively. Compounds 8, 9 and 11-13 and 15 were active analgesic agents and compounds 8, 9 and 11-13 showed significant anti-inflammatory response in comparison with control. Compounds 11 and 13 were screened for their ulcerogenic activities and none of them showed significant ulcerogenic activity. The active Compounds 11 and 12 showed the highest drug likeness and drug score.

Conclusions

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of title compounds were comparable to that of standard drug indomethacin with a safer profile of activity. The results revealed that both of oxadiazole and triazole scaffolds can be determined as pharmacophores. The in silico predictions and pharmacological evaluations showed that compounds 11 and 12 can be chosen as lead for further investigations.     

Synthesis of N-substituted-N-acylthioureas of 4-substituted piperazines endowed with local anaesthetic,antihyperlipidemic, antiproliferative activities and antiarrythmic,analgesic, antiaggregating actions

Three series of N-acyl and N-cyclohexyl- or N-methyl or N-phenyl-thioureas of 4-substituted (methyl, phenyl, 2-pyridyl)piperazines (4-12) were synthesised according to a highly convergent one-pot procedure and tested in vivo (local anaesthetic, anti-hyperlipoproteinemic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarrythmic activities) and in vitro (antiaggregating and, for some selected derivatives, antiproliferative activities) experiments. All the test compounds showed local anaesthesia in particular 4Ar(4), 5Ar(4), 12Ar(3) (after 5 min) and 5Ar(2), 5Ar(3), 9Ar(4) (after 30 min) were equipotent to lidocaine. In lowering triglyceride levels, compounds 6Ar(4) and 7Ar(3) were more active than nicotinic acid, whereas 7Ar(4) and 11Ar(4) were approximately equipotent. As concerns analgesic activity, 5Ar(2) and 5Ar(4) were as active as indomethacin. Appreciable anti-inflammatory activity was found in 8Ar(1), 5Ar(2) and 11Ar(2), but inferior to that of indomethacin. High levels of antiarrythmic activity, comparable with that of quinidine, were found in derivatives 4Ar(2) and 10Ar(1). Compounds 4Ar(2) and 8Ar(2), assayed in antitumor in vitro screening system at National Cancer Institute (NCI), showed significant antiproliferative activity against ACHN cell line (GI50: 0.13 microM) and NCI-H226 cell line (GI50: 1.03 microM), respectively.     

A novel COX-2 inhibitor pyrazole derivative proven effective as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug

The introduction of new COX-2 inhibitors with high efficacy and enhanced safety profile would be a great achievement in the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. This study was designed to screen and assess the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities as well as some of the expected side effects of some pyrazole derivatives, newly synthesized as potential COX-2 inhibitors at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University and compared to indomethacin and celecoxib. Twelve compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma tests. On the basis of their apparent anti-inflammatory activity, four compounds with different substitutions were selected for the evaluation of their analgesic activity using the formalin-induced hyperalgesia and hot-plate tests. Compound AD 532, ((4-(3-(4-Methylphenyl)-4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide)), showed very promising results. In the single-dose and subchronic toxicity studies, compound AD 532 showed no ulcerogenic effect and produced minimal effects on renal function. Furthermore, compound AD 532 was a less potent inhibitor of COX-2 in vitro than celecoxib, which may indicate lower potential cardiovascular toxicity. It is concluded that compound AD 532 appears to be a promising and safe option for the management of chronic inflammatory conditions. This study recommends more in-depth investigation into the therapeutic effects and toxicity profile of this compound including its cardiovascular toxicity.     

Anti-inflammatory action of phenolic compounds fromGastrodia elata root

Previous screening of the pharmacological action of Gastrodia elata (GE) root (Orchidaceae) showed that methanol (MeOH) extracts have significant anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-inflammatory agents of GE, however, remain unclear. In this experiment, MeOH extracts of GE were fractionated with organic solvents for the anti-inflammatory activity-guided separation of GE. Eight phenolic compounds from the ether (EtOEt) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions were isolated by column chromatography: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (I), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (II), benzyl alcohol (III), bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methane (IV), 4(4'-hydroxybenzyloxy)benzyl methylether (V), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol (VI), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (VII), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (VIII). To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity of these compounds, their effects on carrageenan-induced paw edema, arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear edema and analgesic activity in acetic acid (HAc)-induced writhing response were carried out in vivo; cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL 2H3) cells and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydroazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were determined in vitro. These phenolic compounds not only had anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo, but also inhibited COX activity and silica-induced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. Among these phenolic compounds, compound VII was the most potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Compound VII significantly inhibited silica-induced ROS generation and compound VI significantly increased DPPH radical scavenging activity. Compounds I, II and III significantly inhibited the activity of COX-I and II. These results indicate that phenolic compounds of GE are anti-inflammatory, which may be related to inhibition of COX activity and to anti-oxidant activity. Consideration of the structure-activity relationship of the phenolic derivatives from GE on the anti-inflammatory action revealed that both C-4 hydroxy and C-3 methoxy radicals of benzyl aldehyde play an important role in anti-inflammatory activities.