循证护理在外周静脉留置针培训中的应用

目的探讨循证护理在外周静脉留置针培训教学中的应用效果。方法将141名三年制专科护理班学生分为实验班（71名）和对照班（70名），在临床实习前行外周静脉留置针培训教学，对照班采用传统方法进行培训，实验班采用循证护理方法进行培训。结果实验班外周静脉留置针操作考核成绩及时教学效果的评价显著优于对照班（均P〈0．01）。结论运用循证护理方法时学生进行外周静脉留置针培训，可提高其操作能力，使学生更快与临床接轨，并有益于提高综合能力。     

循证护理在中专护生基础护理教学中的应用

目的 探讨循证护理在基础护理学(下称基护)教学中的应用效果,提高护生的批判性思维能力.方法 随机抽取1个教学班62人作为实验班,另一教学班63人作为对照班.对照班采用传统授课法按教材内容讲解;实验班在基护课程开课前讲授循证护理基础知识,课堂教学中选择部分内容进行循证护理教学和实践.结果 实验班基护理论成绩、信息载体与场所利用率及对教材知识采取批判性思维的比例显著高于对照班(均P＜0.05),实验班67.74%～100%护生对该教学方法持肯定态度.结论 基护教学中引入循证护理有利于培养护生的批判性思维能力,提高教学效果.     

三步法护理程序在内科护理学教学中的应用

目的 探讨三步法护理程序在内科护理学教学中应用的可行性.方法 将113名高护专业学生随机分为实验班(57名)和对照班(56名).在内科护理学教学中,对照班运用护理程序五步法(护理评估、护理问题或护理诊断、护理目标、护理措施、护理评价或效果评价)教学,实验班运用三步法(护理评估、护理问题或护理诊断、护理措施)护理程序教学.比较两班期中、期末考试合格率,并采用自设问卷调查两班学生对教学方法的评价.'结果实验班期中、期末考试合格率显著高于对照班(均P＜0.05),对目前教学方法的接受率及学习效果满意率显著高于对照班(均P＜0.01).结论 采用三步法护理程序进行内科护理学教学,减少了教学步骤和识记内容,有利于提高学生的学习兴趣和教学效果.     

卡片流动模式在基础护理技术操作考核中的应用

目的 探索有效的基础护理技术操作考核组织方法,提高护理技能教学效果.方法 在护理学基础实验课中对2005级护理大专1班70名学生(实验班)进行卡片流动式考核,2班68名学生(对照班)进行期末抽签考核.对两班学生进行统一的毕业实习前操作考核,采用自制问卷对实验班学生进行调查.结果 实验班操作考核平均成绩[(94.2±3.1)分]显著优于对照班[(87.8±2.6)分](P<0.01);实验班80.0%～91.4%学生认为减轻了期末考试的压力,提高了学习效率,增加了业余练习的时间等.结论 卡片流动考核模式增加了学生练习护理操作的积极性,有助于提高其护理操作能力.     

素质教育法在基础护理教学中的应用

目的 探讨素质教育法在基础护理教学中的应用效果.方法 将100名护理中专生随机分为对照班和实验班各50名,对照班采用传统教学法,以教师为中心授课;实验班实施素质教育法,即以学生为中心,通过创设教学情境,设疑解惑、导入新课,分组讨论、归纳总结实施教学,课程结束后评价教学效果.结果 实验班理论知识、操作技能、综合素质评分显著高于对照班(均P＜0.01).结论 运用素质教育法进行基础护理教学有利于提高学生的理论成绩、操作技能和综合素质.     

教与学角色互换教学法在护理教学中的实施

目的 探讨教与学角色互换的教学法在护理教学中的应用效果.方法 对147名在校学生进行分组教学,其中实验班76名采用教与学角色互换教学法,对照班71名采用传统教学法.学期结束后对两班学生进行理论考核和问卷调查.结果 实验班理论考试成绩为(87.50±7.34)分,对照班(71.30±8.41)分,两班比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).问卷调查显示,78.9%～98.7%实验班学生对角色互换教学法持肯定态度,54.9%～69.0%对照班学生对传统教学法的肯定态度,两组比较,差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.01).结论 教与学角色互换教学法可刺激学生自主学习,诱发学生学习兴趣,增强学生自信,同时也可提高教学质量.     

护生实习前实施护理操作集训的实践

目的 评价护生实习前护理操作集训的教学效果.方法 将2005级8个班护生作为对照班(320名)采用常规教学计划进行实验课教学;2006级8个班作为实验班(320名),在原有教学基础上增加护生实习前护理操作集训教学,在本校护理操作实验中心按照集训课表进行集中示教、训练、学生回示、教师考核评价,比较两班达标率和护生实习后医院带教老师满意度.结果 两班铺无菌盘、穿脱隔离衣、测量血压、鼻饲法、戴无菌手套、静脉输液、导尿术、乙醇擦浴达标率比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);实验班带教老师对护生满意度显著高于对照班(均P＜0.01).结论 实习前实施护理操作集训能提高护生操作能力和综合素质,临床实习效果好,医院带教老师满意度较高.     

三步法护理程序在内科护理学教学中的应用

目的探讨三步法护理程序在内科护理学教学中应用的可行性。方法将113名高护专业学生随机分为实验班（57名）和对照班（56名）。在内科护理学教学中，对照班运用护理程序五步法（护理评估、护理问题或护理诊断、护理目标、护理措施、护理评价或效果评价）教学，实验班运用三步法（护理评估、护理问题或护理诊断、护理措施）护理程序教学。比较两班期中、期未考试合格率，并采用自设问卷调查两班学生对教学方法的评价。结果实验班期中、期未考试合格率显著高于对照班（均P〈0．05），对目前教学方法的接受率及学习效果满意率显著高于对照班（均P〈0．01）。结论采用三步法护理程序进行内科护理学教学，减少了教学步骤和识记内容，有利于提高学生的学习兴趣和教学效果。     

合作学习促进护理本科学生主体发展的实践

目的 探讨小组合作学习对护理专业本科学生主体性的影响.方法 将护理本科学生108人随机分为对照班(53人)和实验班(55人),以护理专业的必修课程<护理学基础>为教学内容.对照班采用传统教学方法教学,实验班采用小组合作学习教学方法教学.结果 实验班学生主体性方面其实验技能、学习态度、自主学习能力、合作能力、交流沟通能力显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 运用合作学习对护理专业本科学生主体性的发展有一定的促进,但对记忆性知识和临床决策能力的影响不明显.     

儿科护理课程的中高职衔接教学改良

目的以儿科护理课程为例,探讨解决中高职教育衔接阶段课程内容重叠、教学方法雷同、学生学习收获较小等问题。方法通过调研护理专业岗位能力,明确教学目标,重组教学内容,修订课程标准,分析学生学情,最终确定改革教学方法。然后将117名中高职教育衔接阶段学生按班级随机分为实验班(58名)和对照班(59名),两班由同1小组授课教师讲授。对照班采用传统讲授方法授课,实验班采用慕课与翻转课堂教学,增加临床护理路径在儿科护理综合训练中的应用。比较两班理论、技能考核成绩和对教学效果的评价。结果两班理论考试、操作考核成绩比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01),实验班对教学效果的评价除"能提高分析解决问题能力"、"能提高评判性思维"外显著优于对照班(P0.05,P0.01)。结论在中高职教育衔接阶段的儿科护理教学中,采用修订的课程内容,综合应用慕课、翻转课堂、临床护理路径教学取得了较好效果,可提升学生理论和技能考核成绩。     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用.方法 健康雄性C3H/He小鼠40只,周龄8～10周,体重18～22 g,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、骨癌痛组(B组)、PBS组(P组)和米诺环素组(M组).S组跟骨骨髓腔内注射PBS 10 μl;余3组跟骨骨髓腔内注射含2×105个骨纤维肉瘤细胞的PBS 10 μl制备骨癌痛模型,于造模前即刻开始PBS组鞘内注射PBS 5μl,M组鞘内注射米诺环素(用PBS溶解为0.2 mmol/L)5μl,1次/d,连续11 d.于造模前1 d、造模后即刻、3、5、7、9、11 d时测定机械痛阈;于造模后3、7、9、11 d机械痛阈测定结束后测定冷痛阈.痛阈测定结束后处死小鼠,取脊髓组织,测定神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和CD11b的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,B组和P组造模后3-11 d时、M组造模后3、5 d时机械痛阈升高,B组、P组和M组造模后7～11 d时冷痛阈升高,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达上调(P<0.05).与B组比较,M组造模后3-11 d时机械痛阈降低,造模后7-11 d时冷痛阈降低,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达下调(P<0.05).结论 脊髓胶质细胞(星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)的激活参与了小鼠骨癌痛的形成.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.