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1.
《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2020,120(12):1998-2031.e15
BackgroundSuboptimal diet quality has a large impact on noncommunicable disease burden.ObjectiveThis study aimed to update the body of evidence on the associations between diet quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score, and health status. Moreover, results of the previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses were extended by evaluating the credibility of the evidence.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched to identify eligible studies published between May 15, 2017 and March 14, 2020. Pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% CI for highest vs lowest category of diet quality were estimated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was explored using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic with 95% CI. Presence of publication bias was detected by using funnel plots and Egger's regression test. The NutriGrade tool was used to assess the credibility of evidence.ResultsThe current update identified 47 new reports, resulting in a total of 113 reports including data from 3,277,684 participants. Diets of the highest quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension scores, were inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.82, I2 = 68%, n= 23), cardiovascular disease incidence or mortality (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.82, I2 = 59%, n= 45), cancer incidence or mortality (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.89, I2 = 73%, n= 45), incidence of type 2 diabetes (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.85, I2 = 76%, n= 16), and incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.89, I2 = 71%, n= 12). In cancer survivors, the highest diet quality was linked with lower risk of all-cause (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.88, I2 = 45%, n= 12) and cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.89, I2 = 44%, n= 12). The credibility of evidence for identified associations between overall healthy dietary patterns and included health outcomes was moderate.ConclusionThis updated systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that high diet quality (assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence or mortality, cancer incidence or mortality, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disease, as well as all-cause mortality and cancer mortality among cancer survivors. Moderate credibility of evidence for identified associations complements the recent 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee report recommending healthy dietary patterns for disease prevention. 相似文献
2.
Jill Reedy Jennifer L. Lerman Susan M. Krebs-Smith Sharon I. Kirkpatrick TusaRebecca E. Pannucci Magdalena M. Wilson Amy F. Subar Lisa L. Kahle Janet A. Tooze 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(9):1622-1633
Background
The Healthy Eating Index (HEI), a diet quality index that measures alignment with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, was updated with the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.Objective and design
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the HEI-2015, eight questions were examined: five relevant to construct validity, two related to reliability, and one to assess criterion validity.Data sources
Three data sources were used: exemplary menus (n=4), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 (N=7,935), and the National Institutes of Health-AARP (formally known as the American Association of Retired Persons) Diet and Health Study (N=422,928).Statistical analyses
Exemplary menus: Scores were calculated using the population ratio method. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012: Means and standard errors were estimated using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. Analyses were stratified to compare groups (with t tests and analysis of variance). Principal components analysis examined the number of dimensions. Pearson correlations were estimated between components, energy, and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha. National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study: Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine scores and mortality outcomes.Results
For construct validity, the HEI-2015 yielded high scores for exemplary menus as four menus received high scores (87.8 to 100). The mean score for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was 56.6, and the first to 99th percentile were 32.6 to 81.2, respectively, supporting sufficient variation. Among smokers, the mean score was significantly lower than among nonsmokers (53.3 and 59.7, respectively) (P<0.01), demonstrating differentiation between groups. The correlation between diet quality and diet quantity was low (all <0.25) supporting these elements being independent. The components demonstrated multidimensionality when examined with a scree plot (at least four dimensions). For reliability, most of the intercorrelations among the components were low to moderate (0.01 to 0.49) with a few exceptions, and the standardized Cronbach’s alpha was .67. For criterion validity, the highest vs the lowest quintile of HEI-2015 scores were associated with a 13% to 23% decreased risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality.Conclusions
The results demonstrated evidence supportive of construct validity, reliability, and criterion validity. The HEI-2015 can be used to examine diet quality relative to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 相似文献3.
Nicola Veronese Brendon Stubbs Stefano Volpato Giovanni Zuliani Stefania Maggi Matteo Cesari Darren M. Lipnicki Lee Smith Patricia Schofield Joseph Firth Davy Vancampfort Ai Koyanagi Alberto Pilotto Emanuele Cereda 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2018,19(11):981-988.e7
Objectives
Slow gait speed may be associated with premature mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer, although a comprehensive meta-analysis is lacking. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we explored potential associations between gait speed and mortality, incident CVD, and cancer.Design
A systematic search in major databases was undertaken from inception until March 15, 2018 for prospective cohort studies reporting data on gait speed and mortality, incident CVD, and cancer.Setting and Participants
All available.Measures
The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), based on the model with the maximum number of covariates for each study between gait speed (categorized as decrease in 0.1 m/s) and mortality, incident CVD, and cancer, were meta-analyzed with a random effects model.Results
Among 7026 articles, 44 articles corresponding to 48 independent cohorts were eligible. The studies followed up on a total of 101,945 participants (mean age 72.2 years; 55% women) for a median of 5.4 years. After adjusting for a median of 9 potential confounders and the presence of publication bias, each reduction of 0.1 m/s in gait speed was associated with a 12% increased risk of earlier mortality (45 studies; HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.09-1.14; I2 = 90%) and 8% increased risk of CVD (13 studies; HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.13; I2 = 81%), but no relationship with cancer was observed (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97-1.04; I2 = 15%).Conclusion/implications
Slow gait speed may be a predictor of mortality and CVD in older adults. Because gait speed is a quick and inexpensive measure to obtain, our study suggests that it should be routinely used and may help identify people at risk of premature mortality and CVD. 相似文献4.
Benjumin Hsu Dafna Merom Fiona M. Blyth Vasi Naganathan Vasant Hirani David G. Le Couteur Markus J. Seibel Louise M. Waite David J. Handelsman Robert G. Cumming 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2018,19(3):216-222
Objective
The study aimed to examine the contemporaneous temporal association between changes in total physical activity, sports intensity, muscle strengthening exercise, and walking speed as predictors of all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and other cause-specific mortality in older men.Design, setting, participants, measurements
Community-dwelling men aged 70 years and older from Concord Health and Aging in Men Project were assessed at baseline (2005-2007, n = 1705), 2 years (n = 1367), and 5 years follow-up (n = 958). At all time points, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly questionnaire, walking speed over a 6-m walk, and potential confounders were assessed. Mortality was ascertained through the state death registry with a median follow-up of 7 years.Results
As the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly score increased by 1 standard deviation over the follow-up period, the relative risk (RR) for mortality was 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-0.88] for all-cause, 0.66 (95% CI 0.55-0.79) for cardiovascular and 0.75 (95% CI 0.61-0.94) for other cause-specific mortality, but no association was observed in cancer mortality. The RR for undertaking strenuous sports during follow-up was 0.44 (95% CI 0.26-0.72) for all-cause mortality and 0.31 (95% CI 0.13-0.70) for cancer mortality when compared with no sports participation. Increases in walking speed per standard deviation over time were also associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.61-0.78), with similar associations for cardiovascular (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.48-0.74), but not cancer mortality.Conclusions
Older men who engage in strenuous sports and those who increase their walking speed over time may have lower risk of all-cause and some cause-specific mortality. 相似文献5.
Tonya S. Orchard Rebecca R. Andridge Lisa D. Yee Maryam B. Lustberg 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(4):578-588.e1
Background
Modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet quality, could reduce inflammation and improve quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer survivors, but data are inconclusive.Objective
To determine whether diet quality, as measured by Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score, is associated with inflammation, health status, or functional outcomes affecting QOL in survivors of early-stage breast cancer.Design
This is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data collected from breast cancer survivors after completion of primary therapy and before random assignment to a pilot nutritional intervention aimed at reducing side effects of aromatase inhibitor treatment.Participants/setting
Participants were 44 postmenopausal women with stage I to III endocrine receptor–positive breast cancer receiving outpatient care at a midwestern cancer center between November 2011 and October 2013.Main outcome measures
Primary outcomes were serum proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 2 [TNFR-2]). Secondary outcomes included QOL measured by the Stanford Health and Disability Questionnaire and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Breast with Endocrine Subscale.Statistical analyses performed
Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship of dietary variables with inflammatory cytokines and QOL measures.Results
A higher overall HEI-2010 score (healthier diet) was associated with lower IL-6 (r=?0.46; P=0.002) and TNFR-2 (r=?0.41; P=0.006); however, associations were attenuated by body mass index (BMI) (IL=6 [r=?0.26; P=0.10]; TNFR-2 [r=?0.30; P=0.06]). In women with prior chemotherapy, a higher HEI-2010 score was strongly associated with lower IL-6 (r=?0.67; P=0.009) and TNFR-2 (r=?0.59; P=0.03) after BMI adjustment. There were no significant correlations between HEI-2010 score and QOL measures after adjustment for BMI.Conclusions
These data suggest the need for more rigorous investigation into the relationship of diet quality, BMI, and inflammation in breast cancer survivors. 相似文献6.
Lisa Jahns Zach Conrad LuAnn K. Johnson Susan K. Raatz Sibylle Kranz 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(11):2120-2127
Background
Although the purpose of federal dietary guidance is to improve eating habits, few studies have described awareness of guidance and concurrent diet quality.Objective
The objective of the current study was to examine the prevalence of individuals who reported hearing of dietary guidance icons and to describe the association between having heard of the icons and diet quality.Design
This study was a cross-sectional survey.Participants/setting
Participants (n=23,343) were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination—What We Eat in America survey 2005–2014 cycles.Main outcome measures
Awareness of the Food Guide Pyramid, MyPyramid, or MyPlate icons by sociodemographic characteristics and diet quality were measured using Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores derived from 24-hour recall data.Statistical analyses performed
Global Wald tests were used to test for differences in awareness of the icons within sociodemographic groups. Total HEI scores were calculated using the population-ratio method. Z-scores were used to test differences in HEI total scores between those with knowledge of the icons and those who responded negatively.Results
In all cycles, those with less than a high school diploma were the least likely to report having heard of the icons (P<0.001). In every wave except 2011 to 2012, participants with low or marginal food security status were less likely to report affirmatively (P<0.001), and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants and SNAP-eligible nonparticipants were least likely to report having heard of the icons (P<0.001) except for 2005 to 2006. HEI scores were higher among those who had heard of MyPyramid in 2007-2012 (P<0.05) and MyPlate in 2013-2014 (P<0.001) compared with those who had not heard of the icon.Conclusions
Recognition of federal dietary guidance icons was associated with higher diet quality recently, but the cross-sectional nature of the data precludes conclusions of causality. Further research is needed to identify barriers and promoters for translating awareness of the federal dietary guidance icons into healthful food purchasing and food consumption decisions. 相似文献7.
Background
Limited research has evaluated the relationship between dietary behavior and mortality among those with mobility limitations.Objective
To examine the association between dietary behavior and mortality in a national sample of American adults with mobility limitations.Methods
Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were utilized. Participants were followed through 2011. Based on self-report, analyzed participants included those with mobility limitations (N = 1369). Dietary behavior was assessed from the alternate healthy eating index (AHEI).Results
For the sample, 108,010 person-months occurred with an all-cause mortality rate of 2.07 per 1000 person-months. Dietary behavior was associated with reduced all-cause mortality risk when expressed both as a continuous variable and binary variable (i.e., meeting dietary guidelines). With regard to the latter, and after adjustments, those meeting dietary guidelines (vs. not) had a 40% reduced hazard of all-cause death (HR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.38–0.97; P = 0.03).Conclusion
Among adults with mobility limitations, and thus, who unable to engage in sufficient physical activity, dietary behavior may have survival benefits. 相似文献8.
Dolores Corella Judith B. Ramírez-Sabio Oscar Coltell Carolina Ortega-Azorín Ramón Estruch Miguel A. Martínez-González Jordi Salas-Salvadó José V. Sorlí Olga Castañer Fernando Arós Franscisco J. Garcia-Corte Lluís Serra-Majem Enrique Gómez-Gracia Miquel Fiol Xavier Pintó Guillermo T. Saez Estefanía Toledo Josep Basora Jose M. Ordovas 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(4):589-605
Background
Oxidatively induced DNA damage, an important factor in cancer etiology, is repaired by oxyguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1). The lower repair capacity genotype (homozygote Cys326Cys) in the OGG1-rs1052133 (Ser326Cys) polymorphism has been associated with cancer risk. However, no information is available in relation to cancer mortality, other causes of death, and modulation by diet.Objective
Our aim was to evaluate the association of the OGG1-rs1052133 with total, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and to analyze its modulation by the Mediterranean diet, focusing especially on total vegetable intake as one of the main characteristics of this diet.Design
Secondary analysis in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial is a randomized, controlled trial conducted in Spain from 2003 to 2010.Participants/setting
Study participants (n=7,170) were at high risk for CVD and were aged 55 to 80 years.Intervention
Participants were randomly allocated to two groups with a Mediterranean diet intervention or a control diet. Vegetable intake was measured at baseline.Main outcome measures
Main outcomes were all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality after a median follow-up of 4.8 years.Statistical analyses
Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were fitted.Results
Three hundred eighteen deaths were detected (cancer, n=127; CVD, n=81; and other, n=110). Cys326Cys individuals (prevalence 4.2%) presented higher total mortality rates than Ser326-carriers (P=0.009). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for Cys326Cys vs Ser326-carriers was 1.69 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.62; P=0.018). This association was greater for CVD mortality (P=0.001). No relationship was detected for cancer mortality in the whole population (hazard ratio 1.07; 95% CI 0.47 to 2.45; P=0.867), but a significant age interaction (P=0.048) was observed, as Cys326Cys was associated with cancer mortality in participants <66.5 years (P=0.029). Recessive effects limited our ability to investigate Cys326Cys×diet interactions for cancer mortality. No statistically significant interactions for total or CVD mortality were found for the Mediterranean diet intervention. However, significant protective interactions for CVD mortality were found for vegetable intake (hazard ratio interaction per standard deviation 0.42; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.98; P=0.046).Conclusions
In this population, the Cys326Cys-OGG1 genotype was associated with all-cause mortality, mainly CVD instead of cancer mortality. Additional studies are needed to provide further evidence on its dietary modulation. 相似文献9.
Wilbert S. Aronow Tatyana A. Shamliyan 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2018,19(6):472-479
Objectives
Critical appraisal of all available evidence regarding the role of noninvasive communication technology for improving patient survival and reducing hospital admissions in adults with chronic heart failure (HF).Design
Systematic literature review and grading of the quality of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group approach.Setting and Participants
Four databases were searched in March 2018 to find 2 high-quality meta-analyses and published and unpublished data from 58 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared noninvasive communication technology with usual care in community-dwelling adults with HF.Measures
Direct meta-analysis of aggregate data with random effects models.Results
Moderate-quality evidence suggests that there are no differences in all-cause mortality between telemonitoring and usual care, whereas complex telemonitoring that includes transmission of patient parameters and analysis by health care professionals decreases all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62, 0.99; 2885 people in 12 RCTs). Moderate-quality evidence suggests that telemonitoring prevents HF-related hospitalizations (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.62, 0.88; 4001 people in 11 RCTs). Moderate-quality evidence suggests that structured telephone support decreases all-cause mortality (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.77, 0.97; 9535 people in 24 RCTs) and HF-related hospitalizations (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.73, 0.94; 7030 people in 16 RCTs). Use of a mobile personal digital assistant prevents HF-related hospitalizations (RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.44, 0.77; 674 people in 3 RCTs). The evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness of specific telecommunication devices is insufficient. The results from many completed studies are not available.Conclusions
Clinicians should offer noninvasive monitoring with communication technology applications to all HF patients. Future research should examine comparative effectiveness of technology applications in patient subpopulations. 相似文献10.
Gary Tse Mengqi Gong Julia Nunez Juan Sanchis Guangping Li Sadeq Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh Wing Tak Wong Sunny Hei Wong William K.K. Wu George Bazoukis Gan-Xin Yan Konstantinos Lampropoulos Adrian M. Baranchuk Lap Ah Tse Yunlong Xia Tong Liu Jean Woo 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2017,18(12):1097.e1-1097.e10
Background
Frailty has been identified as a risk factor for mortality. However, whether frailty increases mortality risk in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the frailty measures and mortality outcomes in this setting.Methods
PubMed and EMBASE were searched until July 23, 2017 for studies evaluating the association between frailty measures and mortality in individuals who have undergone PCI.Results
A total of 141 entries were retrieved from our search strategy. A total of 8 studies involving 2332 patients were included in the final meta-analysis (mean age: 69 years; 68% male, follow-up duration was 30 ± 28 months). Frailty was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality after PCI, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56–5.66, P = .001]. This was substantial heterogeneity present (I2: 79%). Subgroup analysis using the Fried score reduced I2 to 68% without altering the pooled HR (2.78, 95% CI 1.02–7.76; P < .05). Using the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Clinical Frailty Scale reduced I2 to 0% while preserving the pooled HR (5.99, 95% CI 2.77–12.95, P < .001).Conclusions
Frailty leads to significantly higher mortality rates in patients who have undergone PCI. Both the Fried score and Canadian Study of Health and Aging Clinical Frailty Scale are powerful predictors of mortality. These findings may support the notion that an alternative to invasive strategy should be considered in frail patients who are indicated for revascularization. 相似文献11.
Purpose
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Many lifestyle factors have been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer incidence and mortality. An index-based approach to analyzing adherence to American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines as a whole may better explain associations between lifestyle variables and breast cancer incidence and mortality.Methods
We created an index based on American Cancer Society–specific guidelines, including body mass index (BMI), physical activity, alcohol intake, tobacco use, daily time spent watching television, and certain dietary habits. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the association between the lifestyle index and primary breast cancer and breast cancer–specific mortality in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) cohort.Results
We identified 7088 women with incident breast cancer, 1162 deaths overall, and 462 deaths due to breast cancer. Compared with the lowest quintile of lifestyle index score (meeting fewest guidelines), women in the highest quintile had a 24% lower risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.82) and 37% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.76), while the association with breast cancer-specific mortality was nonsignificant.Conclusions
Healthier prediagnosis lifestyle is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer and all-cause mortality in the NIH-AARP cohort. 相似文献12.
Vincenzo Solfrizzi Emanuele Scafato Davide Seripa Madia Lozupone Bruno P. Imbimbo Angela D&#x;Amato Rosanna Tortelli Andrea Schilardi Lucia Galluzzo Claudia Gandin Marzia Baldereschi Antonio Di Carlo Domenico Inzitari Antonio Daniele Carlo Sabbà Giancarlo Logroscino Francesco Panza 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2017,18(1):89.e1-89.e8
Objectives
Cognitive frailty, a condition describing the simultaneous presence of physical frailty and mild cognitive impairment, has been recently defined by an international consensus group. We estimated the predictive role of a “reversible” cognitive frailty model on incident dementia, its subtypes, and all-cause mortality in nondemented older individuals. We verified if vascular risk factors or depressive symptoms could modify this predictive role.Design
Longitudinal population-based study with 3.5- and 7-year of median follow-up.Setting
Eight Italian municipalities included in the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging.Participants
In 2150 older individuals from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging, we operationalized reversible cognitive frailty with the presence of physical frailty and pre-mild cognitive impairment subjective cognitive decline, diagnosed with a self-report measure based on item 14 of the Geriatric Depression Scale.Measurements
Incidence of dementia, its subtypes, and all-cause mortality.Results
Over a 3.5-year follow-up, participants with reversible cognitive frailty showed an increased risk of overall dementia [hazard ratio (HR) 2.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–5.18], particularly vascular dementia (VaD), and all-cause mortality (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.07–2.83). Over a 7-year follow-up, participants with reversible cognitive frailty showed an increased risk of overall dementia (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.12–4.03), particularly VaD, and all-cause mortality (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03–2.00). Vascular risk factors and depressive symptoms did not have any effect modifier on the relationship between reversible cognitive frailty and incident dementia and all-cause mortality.Conclusions
A model of reversible cognitive frailty was a short- and long-term predictor of all-cause mortality and overall dementia, particularly VaD. The absence of vascular risk factors and depressive symptoms did not modify the predictive role of reversible cognitive frailty on these outcomes. 相似文献13.
Long-Gang Zhao Hong-Lan Li Jiang-Wei Sun Yang Yang Xiao Ma Xiao-Ou Shu Wei Zheng Yong-Bing Xiang 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2017,27(1):36-41
Background
Green tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in Asia. While a possible protective role of green tea against various chronic diseases has been suggested in experimental studies, evidence from human studies remains controversial.Methods
We conducted this study using data from Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS) and Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS), two population-based prospective cohorts of middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults in urban Shanghai, China. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with green tea intake were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results
During a median follow-up of 8.3 and 14.2 years for men and women, respectively, 6517 (2741 men and 3776 women) deaths were documented. We found that green tea consumption was inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90–1.01), particularly among never-smokers (HR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82–0.96). The inverse association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.97) was slightly stronger than that with all-cause mortality. No significant association was observed between green tea intake and cancer mortality (HR 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93–1.10).Conclusions
Green tea consumption may be inversely associated with risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, especially among never smokers. 相似文献14.
Andrea Lopez-Cepero Christine F. Frisard Stephenie C. Lemon Milagros C. Rosal 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(5):849-856
Background
Latinos are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying behavioral factors associated with CVD risk in this population may provide novel targets for further research to reduce chronic disease disparities. Dysfunctional eating patterns (emotional eating [EE], uncontrolled eating [UE], and cognitive restraint of eating [CR]) may be associated with CVD risk but little is known about this relationship in Latinos.Objective
The aim of this study was to examine associations between dysfunctional eating patterns and metabolic risk factors for CVD in Latinos.Design
The study used a cross-sectional design.Participants/setting
Latino individuals (n=602), aged 21 to 84 years, were enrolled in the study from September 2011 to May 2013 from a community health center that serves 80% to 85% of the Latino population in Lawrence, MA. Individuals with complete data were included in this analysis (n=578).Measures
Dysfunctional eating patterns were measured with the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18V2. CVD risk factors examined included obesity assessed by body mass index and waist circumference and diagnoses of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia abstracted from electronic health records.Statistical analysis
Multivariable logistic and Poisson regressions adjusting for age, sex, perceived income, employment, education, physical activity, and perceived stress were performed. The no dysfunctional eating category (ie, no EE, no UE, or no CR) was used as the reference category in all analyses.Results
High EE was associated with greater odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR] 2.19, 95% CI 1.38 to 3.45) and central obesity (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.81 to 4.87), and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.48) and hypertension (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.48). High UE was associated with obesity (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.21) and central obesity (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.38 to 3.94). Low and high CR were associated with obesity (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.56 and OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.75 to 4.37, respectively) and central obesity (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.32 and 2.51, 95% CI 1.54 to 4.08, respectively) and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.16 and OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.58 to 4.70, respectively) and hyperlipidemia (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.24 and OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.55, respectively). Lastly, high EE and low and high CR were associated with increased odds of having a greater number of metabolic CVD risk factors (incidence-rate ratio [IRR] 1.33, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.58; IRR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.58; and IRR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.71, respectively).Conclusions
Dysfunctional eating patterns were positively associated with metabolic CVD risk factors in this Latino sample, with dose–response relationships for some associations. Future studies are needed to determine whether dysfunctional eating patterns influence CVD risk factors among Latinos. 相似文献15.
Lauren E. Au Klara Gurzo Wendi Gosliner Karen L. Webb Patricia B. Crawford Lorrene D. Ritchie 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(8):1474-1481.e1
Background
Research on the association between school meal consumption and overall dietary intake post-Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act implementation is limited.Objective
This study examines the association between frequency of participating in the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs and children’s dietary intakes.Design
The Healthy Communities Study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted between 2013 and 2015.Participants and setting
US children aged 4 to 15 years (n=5,106) were included.Main outcome measures
Dietary measures were assessed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Dietary Screener Questionnaire. Dietary intake included fruit and vegetables, fiber, whole grains, dairy, calcium, total added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages, and energy-dense foods of minimal nutritional value.Statistical analysis
Multivariate statistical models assessed associations between frequency of eating school breakfast or lunch (every day vs not every day) and dietary intake, adjusting for child- and community-level covariates.Results
Children who ate school breakfast every day compared with children who ate 0 to 4 days/wk, reported consuming more fruits and vegetables (0.1 cup/day, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.1), dietary fiber (0.4 g/day, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7), whole grains (0.1 oz/day, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.1), dairy (0.1 cup/day, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.1), and calcium (34.5 mg/day, 95% CI: 19.1, 49.9). Children who ate school lunch every day, compared with those who ate less frequently, consumed more dairy (0.1 cup/day, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.2) and calcium (32.4 mg/day, 95% CI: 18.1, 46.6). No significant associations were observed between school meal consumption and energy-dense nutrient-poor foods or added sugars.Conclusions
Eating school breakfast and school lunch every day by US schoolchildren was associated with modestly healthier dietary intakes. These findings suggest potential nutritional benefits of regularly consuming school meals. 相似文献16.
17.
Cong Huang Haruki Momma Yufei Cui Masahiko Chujo Atsushi Otomo Shota Sugiyama Zhongyu Ren Kaijun Niu Ryoichi Nagatomi 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2017,27(1):42-47
Background
Unhealthy eating has been found to be associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms. However, prospective evidence of the combined effects of unhealthy eating and depressive symptoms has not been reported. This study aimed to elucidate the prospective relationship between habitual unhealthy eating habits and depressive symptoms.Methods
A 2-year prospective cohort study of 376 Japanese adults aged 24–83 years without depressive symptoms at baseline was conducted. Information about participants' eating behaviors was obtained via a self-administered questionnaire, in which skipping breakfast, eating dinner shortly before bedtime, and snacking after dinner were recorded. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Japanese version of the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale.Results
The 2-year incidence of depressive symptoms was found to be 23.7% (89/376). Covariate-adjusted multivariate Poisson regression analyses showed that habitual snacking after dinner was significantly associated with the incidence of depressive symptoms (relative risk [RR] 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–3.14, p = 0.049), whereas no relationship was found between skipping breakfast or eating dinner shortly before bedtime and depressive symptoms. On the other hand, there was an interaction effect of snacking after dinner and dinner before bedtime on depressive symptoms (p for the interaction = 0.044). Participants with more than two unhealthy eating behaviors had a higher incidence of depressive symptoms compared to those with fewer than two unhealthy eating behaviors (RR 1.71; 95% CI, 1.06–2.77, p = 0.028).Conclusions
This prospective study is the first to reveal the combined relationship between unhealthy eating and the incidence of depressive symptoms. 相似文献18.
Xue-shan Zhong Jing Ge Shao-wei Chen Yi-quan Xiong Shu-juan Ma Qing Chen 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(4):637-651
Background
Epidemiologic studies have reported conflicting findings between soy- and legume-derived dietary isoflavones and risk of endometrial cancer.Objective
The aim of the present meta-analysis was to quantitatively investigate the association between daily intake of soy- and legume-derived isoflavones and risk of endometrial cancer.Design
A broad search was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and the Chinese Biomedical Database based on combinations of the key words endometrial cancer, isoflavone, soy, and legume for epidemiologic studies that focused on relationships between dietary isoflavones and endometrial cancer risk. A fixed-effect or random-effect model was used to pool study-specific risk estimates.Results
A total of 13 epidemiologic studies were included in the present meta-analysis, consisting of three prospective cohort studies and 10 population-based case-control studies. The final results indicated that higher dietary isoflavone levels from soy products and legumes were associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (odds ratio [OR] 0.81, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.89). Low heterogeneous bias was observed (I2=11.7%; P=0.327). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on study design, source of dietary isoflavones, and study region. When restricted to study design, dietary isoflavones from soy and legumes played a role in prevention of endometrial cancer in case-control studies (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.90). However, there did not appear to be an association between dietary isoflavones and endometrial cancer in cohort studies (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.00). Significant associations were found between dietary isoflavones from soy products (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.92) and legumes (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.96) and endometrial cancer. Dietary isoflavones were associated with reduced incidence of endometrial cancer, both in Asian countries (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.93) and non-Asian countries (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.92).Conclusions
The findings suggest a weak inverse association between higher consumption of dietary isoflavones from soy products and legumes and endometrial cancer risk. However, there is still a need for large, prospective epidemiologic studies that provide a higher level of evidence to verify these findings. 相似文献19.
Gary Tse Mengqi Gong Sunny Hei Wong William K.K. Wu George Bazoukis Konstantinos Lampropoulos Wing Tak Wong Yunlong Xia Martin C.S. Wong Tong Liu Jean Woo 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2018,19(3):255-261.e1
Background
Frailty has been identified as a risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes after cardiac intervention or surgery. However, whether it increases the risk of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy has been controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the frailty measures and clinical outcomes of length of stay and mortality in this setting.Methods
PubMed and Embase were searched until September 11, 2017, for studies evaluating the association between frailty and clinical outcomes in advanced heart failure patients undergoing LVAD implantation.Results
A total of 46 and 79 entries were retrieved from our search strategy. A total of 13 studies involving 3435 patients were included in the final meta-analysis (mean age: 57.7 ± 15.3 years; 79% male, follow-up duration was 13 ± 14 months). Compared to nonfrail patients (n = 2721), frail patients (n = 579) had significantly longer time-to-extubation (n = 3; mean difference: 45 ± 6 hours; I2: 0%) and hospital length of stay (n = 4; mean difference: 2.9 ± 1.2 days; P = .001; I2: 21%). Frailty was not a predictor of inpatient or short-term mortality [n = 3; hazard ratio (HR): 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-2.26; P > .05; I2: 0%] but predicted long-term mortality (n = 7; HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.15-1.80; P = .001; I2: 0%).Conclusions
Frailty leads to significantly longer time to extubation, hospital length of stay, and long-term mortality in advanced heart failure patients who have undergone LVAD implantation. Older patients being considered for LVAD implantation should therefore be assessed for frailty status. The risk and benefit of the procedure should be explained to the patient, emphasizing that frailty increases the likelihood of adverse clinical outcomes. 相似文献20.
Yili Wu Weijing Wang Tianwei Liu Dongfeng Zhang 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2017,18(6):551.e17-551.e35