微球囊扩张成形术在膝下动脉闭塞性疾病治疗中的初步应用

目的探讨膝下血管微球囊扩张成形术在下肢动脉闭塞性疾病治疗中的应用价值。方法选择以膝下动脉闭塞为主的下肢动脉闭塞性疾病患者32例,共38条肢体,均采用单纯球囊扩张成形术治疗闭塞或严重狭窄病变。结果 38条肢体中技术成功36条(94.73%)。主要并发症有动脉穿孔(1例)、痉挛(1例)及穿刺点血肿(1例)。随访6个月,临床成功率92.11%(35/38)。11例坏疽患者中,1例膝上截肢,救肢率90.91%(10/11)。结论血管微球囊扩张成形术为治疗膝下动脉硬化闭塞症的安全有效的治疗方法,近期疗效满意。     

膝下动脉硬化闭塞症外科介入综合治疗早期疗效

目的探讨膝下动脉硬化闭塞症外科介入综合治疗的早期疗效。方法回顾分析2006年9月～2008年12月我科收治的24例26条肢体膝下动脉硬化闭塞症行球囊成形术,结合髂、股动脉支架置入和动脉取栓综合治疗的早期疗效。结果平均随访8．5个月,24例26条肢体膝下动脉硬化病变50条,球囊成形术成功疏通48条动脉。流入道病变予髂动脉支架置入4例,股动脉支架置入6例,股、胭动脉血栓取栓6例。术中并发导丝穿通血管壁2例。结论膝下动脉硬化闭塞症外科介入综合治疗的早期疗效好。     

长球囊在膝下段动脉腔内成形术中的应用

目的 探讨长球囊在膝下段动脉血管成形术治疗中的应用价值.资料与方法 采用长球囊对19例以膝下动脉硬化闭塞性病变为主的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者共21条下肢行血管腔内成形术,同时经保留导管局部灌注抗凝溶栓,扩血管药物治疗.结果 21条患肢中,技术成功18条,成功率85.7%,术后随访3～9个月,52.4% (11/21)下肢发凉、麻木疼痛消失,47.6% (10/21)下肢发凉、麻木疼痛不同程度缓解,1例足部溃疡愈合,1例足部坏死行部分足切除.21条患肢踝臂指数(ABI)由术前0.58±0.13升至术后0.89±0.15及最近一次随访测量值0.85±0.14(P＜0.05).结论 使用长球囊行膝下段动脉血管成形术治疗安全可行,近期疗效确切.     

长球囊联合丹参注射液加压注射治疗糖尿病膝下血管病变

目的观察长球囊血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)联合丹参注射液,腔内加压注射治疗糖尿病膝下血管病变的疗效。方法 19例糖尿病患者共23条膝下动脉硬化闭塞肢体,首先采用长球囊开通狭窄、闭塞的血管,再联合丹参注射液腔内加压注射治疗。术后观察踝/肱指数、通畅率、溃疡愈合时间及临床症状的改善。结果 21条患肢得到成功治疗,技术成功率91.3%(21/23)。踝/肱指数(ankle brachial index,ABI)由术前的0.31±0.14上升为术后的0.71±0.18,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访3～10个月,13条患肢(61.9%)间歇性跛行、患肢静息痛等临床症状基本消失,足背或胫后动脉搏动恢复;8条(38.1%)患肢明显缓解。6条肢体术前伴足趾溃疡者,术后创面均愈合;1条足趾坏疽肢体清创换药23天后行截趾术,术后切口愈合良好。术后1、3、6个月通畅率分别为95.2%、85.7%、61.9%。结论腔内加压注射丹参注射液作为长球囊PTA微创治疗糖尿病合并膝下血管病变的补充,可促进动脉侧支血管生成,改善血供,改善微循环,促进糖尿病足溃疡面愈合,近期疗效好、通畅率高,值得推广。     

膝下动脉球囊成形术及溶栓介入治疗糖尿病足的价值(附19例分析)

目的:探讨膝下动脉球囊成形术及保留导管溶栓术在介入治疗糖尿病足的临床价值。方法:对19例糖尿病足患者介入术前行CTA检查,对31个下肢用Seldinger技术,经股动脉顺行穿刺插管,分别对膝下动脉病变采用经血管腔内球囊成形术、保留导管溶栓术等多种介入治疗方法。结果:介入治疗后患肢血流改善明显,狭窄性病变开通率明显大于闭塞性病变。皮温明显升高,行走距离显著增加,溃疡愈合加快。结论:膝下动脉球囊成形术及保留导管溶栓治疗微创、安全、有效,可以改善糖尿病足下肢动脉血供,近期疗效令人满意。     

微球囊与长支架在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入治疗中的应用

目的 探讨微球囊与长支架在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2011年11月行介入治疗的71例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者86条患肢的临床资料.按照2007年版跨大西洋多学科共识(TASCⅡ)分型,A型18条患肢,B型39条,C型20条,D型9条;临床Fontaine Ⅰ期0条患肢,Ⅱ期35条,Ⅲ期45条,Ⅳ期6条.所有患者均接受血管腔内治疗,腘动脉及膝以下水平病变仅采用微球囊扩张成形术;股总动脉和股浅动脉病变球囊成形后根据血管情况可放置长支架.结果 介入治疗技术成功率94.2％,81条患肢使用球囊及微球囊成功进行血管腔内成形术,其中58条患肢共置入66枚长支架,血液循环均得以重建和改善;5条动脉完全闭塞的患肢,未能完成血管再通.结论 应用微球囊行膝关节及以下血管腔内成形术有较好的疗效;长支架可应用于股总动脉及股浅动脉长段慢性闭塞症治疗,但不宜跨关节放置.     

经皮血管腔内成形术结合局部小剂量持续灌注溶栓治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变

目的 探讨采用经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变的效果以及术后小剂量溶栓对膝下动脉血流的影响.方法 回顾性分析自2011年1月至2013年9月行介入治疗的糖尿病膝下动脉病变患者28例,共37条肢体(左下肢16条、右下肢21条),74支膝下动脉存在狭窄或闭塞,胫前动脉30支、胫后动脉22支、腓动脉22支,合并有髂股动脉病变肢体30条.根据术前CTA结果分别采用同侧顺行、经对侧股动脉入路、经肱动脉途径行PTA或支架治疗,测量介入治疗前后踝肱指数(ABI).介入治疗术后从留置导管鞘内持续经微量泵注入尿激酶(20～ 30)万U/24 h,共48 h进行溶栓,记录溶栓前后从胫骨平台到足踝处的图像帧数.术后随访3个月以上,测量ABI并行彩超或CTA检查,计量资料采用配对样本t检验.结果 32条肢体通过球囊扩张或支架得以开通,开通率为86.4％.37条肢体ABI术前为0.70±0.31,术后首日增加至0.90±0.21,差异有统计学意义(t=10.734,P＜0.05).成功开通的32条肢体在小剂量溶栓后造影,从胫骨平台到足踝处的图像帧数由介入术后即刻的(6.3±1.6)帧降低到(4.7±1.4)帧,差异有统计学意义(t=12.136,P＜0.05).6条有静息痛的肢体术后临床症状缓解明显.14条有溃疡和(或)坏疽的肢体,l例介入开通血管后从踝关节平面截肢、3例截趾,3例足趾坏疽的患者随访期间足趾自行离断而愈合,其余患者创面在1～3个月内愈合.术后随访3～ 24个月有3例患者3条肢体复发并再次行PTA治疗.结论 介入治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变,近期疗效确切,安全性较高;介入术后小剂量溶栓治疗安全,有助于改善膝下动脉血流.     

股腘动脉TASCⅡ-C、D级病变腔内治疗技术体会

目的:探讨经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)结合支架植入术对股腘动脉TASCⅡ-C、D级病变的技术方法和治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院从2008年9月~2010年5月对股腘动脉硬化闭塞症TASCⅡ-C、D级病变的52例患者(60条肢体),采用顺行或逆行股动脉穿刺途径,通过常规技术或内膜下血管成形术(SIA)通过狭窄或闭塞性病变,进行球囊扩张成形,部分患者行支架植入,分析介入治疗技术、临床症状改善情况、并发症发生情况及随访情况。结果:56条肢体获得技术成功,成功率为93.3%(56/60),无围手术期死亡者,并发症发生率为6.67%(4/60),主要有导丝穿破血管壁及穿刺点血肿等,根据情况给予相应处理。术后第1周踝/肱指数(ABI)由术前的0.42±0.11增至术后7d的0.85±0.18(t=15.79P<0.001),术后随访45例患者(51条肢体)6~22个月(平均10.7个月),术后6个月、12个月肢体一期通畅率分别为94.1%(48/51)和73.7%(28/38)。术后12个月肢体保全率和存活率分别为100%(38/38)和89.5%(34/38)。结论:血管腔内介入治疗TASCⅡ-C、D级股腘动脉硬化闭塞症的临床成功率高、并发症少、救肢率高,是安全有效的治疗方法,近期效果确切,其长期疗效尚须进一步观察。     

下肢动脉硬化致膝下缺血介入治疗的策略及临床意义

目的 探讨下肢动脉动脉硬化致膝下缺血腔内介入治疗的策略及临床意义.方法 回顾性分析了下肢动脉狭窄闭塞血管内介入治疗患者97例,其中单纯膝下动脉(胫前、胫后动脉)狭窄、闭塞11例,膝上动脉(主髂动脉、股腘动脉)狭窄、闭塞伴有膝下动脉狭窄、闭塞24例.结果 35例患者,成功治疗31例,膝下缺血症状明显改善,取得满意的治疗效果;4例治疗未成功,1例高位截肢,3例足趾截肢.随访3～12个月,股浅动脉再次闭塞2例,胫前或胫后动脉闭塞7例,3例趾尖部干性坏死.结论 血管腔内介入治疗对改善膝下缺血症状疗效显著,有助于提高缺血肢体的救肢率,是治疗下肢缺血性病变安全有效的方法.     

血管成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞的预后因素分析

目的分析血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)的临床效果及影响预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2012年1月~2014年6月收治的55例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床资料。本组患者平均年龄69.5岁,男性36例,女性19例,临床症状包括间歇性跛行3例,静息痛22例,肢体溃疡或坏死30例;单侧肢体病变33例,双下肢病变22例;D-二聚体增高42例(D-Ⅱ550ug/L),其中伴有糖尿病患者18例,房颤患者15例,高脂血症患者31例;全部患者接受下肢动脉腔内治疗,单纯球囊成形术11例,同时行球囊成形术和支架植入术44例,无围手术期死亡。结果全组55例患者术后随访1~30个月,随访期内复发31例,复发率56.4%,平均生存时间17.2个月,中位生存时间18个月,6个月生存率95.0%,1年生存率85.0%,2年生存率20.0%;单因素分析结果显示病变肢体数目、治疗方法、糖尿病、房颤及高脂血症病史是与ASO血管腔内治疗后再狭窄的相关因素;Cox风险回归分析显示病变肢体数目、糖尿病、高脂血症是影响ASO患者行PTA治疗预后的独立危险因素,而治疗方法是影响预后的保护因素(P0.05)。结论病变肢体数目、糖尿病、高脂血症是影响ASO患者行PTA治疗预后的独立危险因素,而治疗方法是影响预后的保护因素,有利于客观评判疗效和生存预期,并提供有效的介入治疗策略。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone versus PTA with balloon-expandable stent placement for short-segment femoropopliteal artery disease: a metaanalysis of randomized trials

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent placement to treat femoropopliteal artery occlusive disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published data of randomized clinical trials comparing the results of PTA and stent placement for femoropopliteal artery occlusive disease were analyzed. Proportions were combined, and the odds ratio (OR) with its 95% CI was used as the effect size estimate. RESULTS: Seven studies published in 1999 or later (614 limbs in 519 patients) were included in this metaanalysis, in which 323 limbs underwent PTA and 291 limbs underwent PTA followed by balloon-expandable stent placement. In the combined results of PTA versus PTA plus stent placement, a significant difference in primary patency at 6 months (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.84; P < .05) was found, but no significant difference could be found in primary patency at 12 months (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.87-1.86; P > .05) or 24 months (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.81-1.82; P > .05) or in secondary patency at 12 months (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.78-2.30; P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of femoropopliteal artery occlusive disease (< or =10 cm), higher primary patency rates can be expected at 6 months with PTA followed by implantation of balloon-expandable stents versus PTA alone, but PTA with stent placement does not produce better long-term primary results and secondary patency rates than PTA alone.     

Selection of patients with infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with duplex scanning

Aim:
To evaluate the role of duplex scanning in the selection of patients with infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Material and Methods:
From January 1995 through May 2000, 702 patients (952 limbs), with chronic lower extremity ischemia due to infrainguinal atherosclerotic disease diagnosed by duplex scanning, were retrospectively studied. Diagnostic angiography (130 limbs) or infrainguinal PTA (108 limbs) was performed in 238 limbs. Two investigators retrospectively analyzed the duplex examinations and angiographies in a blinded manner and used similar criteria for the interpretation of lesions suitable or not suitable for PTA. Results:
The superficial femoral, popliteal and crural artery lesions were correctly selected for PTA in 85%, 66% and 32%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of duplex scanning to appropriately categorize femoropopliteal lesions as suitable or unsuitable for PTA were 89%, 83%, 92%, 94% and 78%, respectively. The accuracy of duplex scanning for predicting the performance of infrainguinal PTA was 83%. Conclusion:
Duplex scanning has an important impact on the selection of treatment modalities in limbs with infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease. Femoropopliteal lesions can be reliably selected to PTA according to duplex scan findings.     

Arterial occlusive disease below the knee: treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty performed with low-profile catheters and steerable guide wires

In 98 patients with arterial occlusive disease below the knee who were candidates for limb salvage surgery, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed with a low-profile balloon catheter and steerable guide wire system. Sixteen patients had bilateral disease; thus, there were 114 endangered limbs and 145 diseased vessels, including 19 with a single stenosis, 94 with multiple stenoses, and 32 with total occlusions. Primary anatomic success was achieved in all stenosed vessels and in 28 occluded vessels. Initial limb healing without amputation was achieved in 88% of limbs. In four patients occluded vessels could not be recanalized; thus, the four affected limbs were amputated. Two years after PTA, 32 of 37 patients available for follow-up had viable pain-free extremities. Cumulative limb salvage rate at 2 years was 86%. At this time, below-the-knee PTA is still recommended only for limb salvage candidates. However, with this new catheter and guide wire system, success rates have been increased and complication rates decreased. PTA may be useful in selected patients with severe claudication.     

Intra-arterial MR-angiography on an open-bore MR-scanner compared to digital-subtraction angiography of the infra-popliteal runoff in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced intra-arterial 3D-MR-angiography (IA-MRA) of the infra-popliteal arteries in an open-bore magnet. Number, severity of arterial lesions, and artefacts were compared to routinely performed intra-arterial digital-subtraction angiography (IA-DSA) in patients suffering from symptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen patients admitted for PAOD underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) by IA-DSA. After PTA, IA-MRA of the infra-popliteal station was performed on an open-bore 1.5T MR-scanner applying a low dose intra-arterial contrast-enhanced 3D-gradient-echo-MRA with gadopentate dimeglumine. The reading was performed by three blinded readers distinguishing moderate (< or =50%), significant stenoses (51-99%) and vessel occlusions. Imaging artefacts were recorded and binary classified as not disturbing or compromising the observation of the arterial tree. RESULTS: Overall IA-DSA revealed 36 moderate stenoses (< or =50%), 38 significant stenoses (51-99%), and 10 vessel occlusions. For the detection of significant stenoses and occlusions, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of IA-MRA were 96%, 83%, 88%, 94% and 90%. The only observed artefact was venous overlay in four stations. The readout was not hampered in any case. CONCLUSION: Intra-arterial contrast-enhanced 3D-gradient-echo-MRA on an open-bore MR-scanner offers an acceptable diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing peripheral arterial occlusive disease in the infra-popliteal region and correlates well with DSA.     

锁骨下动脉狭窄的经皮血管球囊成形术及内支架治疗

目的 评价并比较经皮血管球囊成形术及内支架治疗对动脉粥样硬化及大动脉炎所致锁骨下动脉狭窄梗阻性病变的治疗效果。方法 １３例锁骨下动脉狭窄梗阻性病变患者,病因为动脉粥样硬化７例,大动脉炎６例。其中锁骨下动脉狭窄８例,完全闭塞５例,均实施了介入治疗。６例单纯行经皮血管球囊成形术,６例置入血管内支架,１例介入治疗失败。结果 １２例行经皮血管内成形术（ＰＴＡ）或血管内支架置入治疗获成功,６例分别置入Ｓｔｒ     

长球囊治疗重症下肢动脉缺血性病变的近期疗效观察

目的观察长球囊治疗重症下肢动脉缺血性病变的可行性和近期效果。方法对2007年1至6月收治的21例重症下肢缺血患者,根据病变范围,选择合适长度的球囊对狭窄或闭塞性病变进行球囊扩张成形,相临近多处短段病变也尽可能采用长球囊一次成形;观察术中及术后患者的并发症发生率、技术成功率和临床疗效;通过随访,判断治疗的初始通畅率、再次通畅率、救肢率和生存率。结果21例患者早期技术性的并发症2例(9.5%),均为穿刺点假性动脉瘤。狭窄性病变的技术成功率100%;股、腘动脉闭塞性病变再通的总的成功率为88.9%,其中采用内膜下成形(5例)技术成功4例;胫前动脉、胫后动脉和腓动脉闭塞性病变的技术成功率分别为55.6%、28.6%和25.0%。未出现影响血流的夹层。临床成功率为90.5%。术后平均住院时间6 d。术后6个月的初始通畅率为95.2%;再次通畅率和救肢率均为100%。结论对于重症下肢动脉缺血性病变患者,长球囊PTA后无影响血流的夹层瘤出现,初始技术和临床成功率都很高,是安全、有效的治疗重症下肢动脉缺血性病变的方法。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty following endarterectomy

Recurrent occlusive disease was found by noninvasive methods and confirmed arteriographically in 7 patients who had undergone endarterectomy for stenosis of one [5] or both iliac arteries [1] or the subclavian artery [1]. Three patients with iliac artery stenosis had percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) 1 to 5 years after endarterectomy. One patient with stenosis of the external iliac artery had PTA 4 years after endarterectomy, and dilatation was repeated 7 months later because of recurrence. One patient had 2 endarterectomies and 2 PTAs within 8 years for stenosis of the right common iliac artery. One patient had recanalization of the left common iliac artery 6 years after endarterectomy with low-dose streptokinase followed by PTA. Another patient underwent endarterectomy of the left subclavian artery 3 months after PTA and required further dilatation at 5 and 10 months because of recurrence. The authors conclude that endarterectomy does not preclude PTA (or vice versa) in patients with recurrent arterial occlusive disease.     

Failure of prolonged dilation to improve long-term patency of femoropopliteal artery angioplasty: results of a prospective trial

PURPOSE: To determine long-term patency of femoropopliteal artery percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in a prospective trial during which prolonged balloon inflation was used for optimization of initial results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Femoropopliteal PTA was performed in 112 limbs of 97 patients. The mean total length of the treated segments was 7.2 cm (95% CI: 5.99-8.46; median: 5.5 cm). In cases of unsatisfactory primary results after standard dilation for 1-3 minutes, the procedure was continued with prolonged dilation (93 limbs; mean balloon inflation time: 31 min; 95% CI: 24.2-37.7; median: 15 min) with use of the same balloon catheter (77 limbs) or a perfusion balloon catheter (35 limbs). Thirty-four proximal infrapopliteal artery stenoses were treated to improve peripheral runoff and 12 short stents were placed because of flow-limiting dissections. RESULTS: Primary hemodynamic success established by Doppler ultrasound (US) criteria was achieved in 92.9% (104 of 112) of the limbs. Three major complications were encountered; none were related to prolonged balloon inflation. The primary patency rate according to Kaplan-Meier analysis was 42% (+/-5% SE) at 1 year and 39% (+/-5%) at 2 and 3 years. The corresponding secondary patency rates were 51% (+/-5%) and 47% (+/-5%). Large numbers of diseased vessels in the treated limb (four to 10 instead of one to three), eccentric lesions (as opposed to concentric morphology), and additional treated segments (instead of only femoropopliteal lesions) were associated with poorer long-term patency. The duration of balloon dilation was not a determinant of long-term patency. CONCLUSION: Although prolonged dilation is safe and feasible in femoropopliteal artery PTA, its routine use is not warranted because it does not result in superior long-term patency rates.